# Archdiocese of Chongqing > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Archdiocese_of_Chongqing > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Archdiocese_of_Chongqing.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Chongqing > Source revision: 1319694047 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Roman Catholic archdiocese in China}} {{Infobox diocese |jurisdiction = Archdiocese |name = Chongqing |latin = Archidioecesis Ciomchimensis |local = {{lang|zh-hant|天主教重慶總教區}}
{{lang|zh-hans|天主教重庆总教区}} |country = China |province = Chongqing |established = 2 April 1856 {{small|(as [apostolic vicariate](/source/apostolic_vicariate))}} |denomination = [Catholic Church](/source/Catholic_Church) |sui_iuris_church = [Latin Church](/source/Latin_Church) |rite = [Roman Rite](/source/Roman_Rite) |image = St. Joseph's Cathedral, Chungking.jpg |image_size = 230px |caption = [St. Joseph's Cathedral, Chongqing](/source/St._Joseph's_Cathedral%2C_Chongqing) |cathedral = [St. Joseph's Cathedral, Chongqing](/source/St._Joseph's_Cathedral%2C_Chongqing) |area_km2 = 350,000 |population = 11,500,000 |population_as_of = 1950 |catholics = 37,608 |catholics_percent= 0.3 |pope = {{Incumbent pope}} |metro_archbishop = [Sede vacante](/source/Sede_vacante) |map = Mission du Su-tchuen oriental.jpg |map_caption = Chongqing ({{lang|fr|Tchong-kin-fou}}) was part of the Eastern Szechwan Mission. Map prepared by {{ill|Adrien Launay|fr}}, 1889. }} The '''Metropolitan Archdiocese of Chongqing''' (formerly spelt '''Chungking''') ({{langx|la|Archidioecesis Ciomchimensis}}; {{lang-zh|t=天主教重慶總教區}}) is a [Latin Church](/source/Latin_Church) [Metropolitan](/source/Metropolis_(religious_jurisdiction)) [archdiocese](/source/Diocese) of the [Catholic Church](/source/Catholic_Church) located in [southwestern China](/source/southwestern_China), yet still depends on the missionary [Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples](/source/Congregation_for_the_Evangelization_of_Peoples). The Archbishop of Chongqing is the [primate](/source/Primate_(bishop)) of the [Catholic Church in Sichuan](/source/Catholic_Church_in_Sichuan) (Szechwan). Established on 2 April 1856 as the Apostolic Vicariate of Southeastern Szechwan, its archiepiscopal see is the [Cathedral of St. Joseph](/source/St._Joseph's_Cathedral%2C_Chongqing), located in the provincial-level city of [Chongqing](/source/Chongqing), which lies in the eastern part of the mission territory, hence the designation of Eastern Szechwan Mission. The archdiocese has been [vacant](/source/Sede_vacante) without an [apostolic administrator](/source/Apostolic_administration) since 2001. == Statistics and extent == The archdiocese covers the southern part of Chongqing ({{lang|fr|Tchong-kin-fou}}), while the north, including 1 district and 8 counties, is under the jurisdiction of the [Bishop of Wanxian](/source/Diocese_of_Wanxian) ({{lang|fr|Ouan-hien}}).{{cite web |url=https://www.ucanews.com/directory/dioceses/china-chongqing/187 |title=Archdiocese of Chongqing |author= |date= |website=[ucanews.com](/source/Union_of_Catholic_Asian_News) |access-date=November 25, 2023}} It is bordered by the [Diocese of Suifu](/source/Diocese_of_Suifu) (its suffragan) to the west, [Diocese of Shunqing](/source/Diocese_of_Shunqing) (its suffragan) to the northwest, [Diocese of Wanxian](/source/Diocese_of_Wanxian) (its suffragan) to the northeast, [Diocese of Shinan](/source/Diocese_of_Shinan) to the east, [Diocese of Yuanling](/source/Diocese_of_Yuanling) to the southeast, [Apostolic Prefecture of Shiqian](/source/Apostolic_Prefecture_of_Shiqian) and [Metropolitan Archdiocese of Guiyang](/source/Archdiocese_of_Guiyang) to the south. In 1950, it pastorally served 37,608 Catholics (0.3%) on 135,187 square miles in 42 parishes with 85 diocesan priests and 120 religious (only 6 males). == Ecclesiastical province == Its [suffragan sees](/source/Suffragan_diocese) are: * [Diocese of Chengdu](/source/Diocese_of_Chengdu) * [Diocese of Jiading](/source/Diocese_of_Jiading) * [Diocese of Kangding](/source/Diocese_of_Kangding) * [Diocese of Ningyuan](/source/Diocese_of_Ningyuan) * [Diocese of Shunqing](/source/Diocese_of_Shunqing) * [Diocese of Suifu](/source/Diocese_of_Suifu) * [Diocese of Wanxian](/source/Diocese_of_Wanxian), its daughter == History == {{further|Catholic Church in Sichuan}} * Established on 2 April 1856 as '''Apostolic Vicariate of Southeastern Szechwan''' ({{lang|la|Vicariatus Apostolicus Seciuensis Meridio-Orientalis}}), renamed on 24 January 1860 as '''Apostolic Vicariate of Eastern Szechwan''' ({{lang|la|Vicariatus Apostolicus Seciuensis Orientalis}}), on territory split off from the [Apostolic Vicariate of Szechwan](/source/Diocese_of_Chengdu) ([Sichuan](/source/Sichuan)), separating it from North-western Szechwan and its first name was South-eastern Szechwan. There were nine European and ten native priests, the mission being confided to [Paris Foreign Missions Society](/source/Paris_Foreign_Missions_Society). [Eugène-Jean-Claude-Joseph Desflèches](/source/Eug%C3%A8ne-Jean-Claude-Joseph_Desfl%C3%A8ches) (1844–87), [Titular Bishop](/source/Titular_bishop) of [Sinita](/source/Tharros), was elected as the first apostolic vicar. Missionaries and [Christians](/source/Christians) were subject to imperial persecutions, but after the [Sino-French War](/source/Sino-French_War) of 1860, they obtained entire freedom to preach. In 1860 the mission was divided into two apostolic vicariates: Eastern and [Southern Szechwan](/source/Diocese_of_Suifu). The missionaries obtained from Chinese officials a piece of ground in the city of Chongqing (Chungking), as compensation for the losses undergone by the mission. New persecutions broke out: at [You-yang](/source/Youyang_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_County), [Jean-Honoré Eyraud](/source/Jean-Honor%C3%A9_Eyraud) was put in jail and [François Mabileau](/source/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mabileau) and [Jean-François Rigaud](/source/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Rigaud) were murdered; at [Kien-Kiang](/source/Qianjiang%2C_Chongqing), [Jean Hue](/source/Jean_Hue) and [Michel Tay](/source/Michel_Tay) were killed in 1873; on 8 March 1876, the settlements of the Christians were pillaged at [Kiang-pe](/source/Jiangbei%2C_Chongqing). {{ill|Eugène-Paul Coupat|fr}}, elected coadjutor in 1882, in 1888 succeeded Bishop Desflèches, who was 'promoted' Titular Archbishop of [Claudiopolis in Honoriade](/source/Diocese_of_Claudiopolis_(Honorias)). In 1886 the buildings of the mission at Chongqing were pillaged and destroyed, the bishop and missionaries had to retire into the Chinese tribunal. In 1891, {{ill|Célestin Chouvellon|fr}}, titular Bishop of [Dausara](/source/Dausara_(see)), succeeded Bishop Coupat. In 1898, [François Fleury](/source/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fleury) was captured by {{ill|Yu Dongchen|lt=Yu Man-tse|zh|余棟臣}} and held prisoner for months.{{cite CE1913|wstitle= Vicariate Apostolic of Eastern Sze-Ch'wan |volume= 14 |last= Montanar |first= Valentine Hilaire |short=1}} * Renamed on 3 December 1924 after its see as '''Apostolic Vicariate of Chungking''' ({{lang|la|Vicariatus Apostolicus Ciomchimensis}}; in French: {{lang|fr|Tchong-kin-fou}}). * Lost territory on 2 August 1929 to establish the then [Apostolic Vicariate of Wanhsien](/source/Diocese_of_Wanxian) ({{lang|fr|Ouan-hien}}), now its suffragan * Promoted on 11 April 1946 as '''Metropolitan Archdiocese of Chungking''' ({{lang|la|Archidioecesis Ciomchimensis}}). == Episcopal ordinaries == All [Roman Rite](/source/Roman_Rite), so far members of a Latin missionary congregation. ; Apostolic Vicar of Southeastern Szechwan [[File:Eugène-Jean-Claude-Joseph Desflèches.jpg|thumb|[Joseph Desflèches](/source/Eug%C3%A8ne-Jean-Claude-Joseph_Desfl%C3%A8ches), first Apostolic Vicar of Southeastern Szechwan.]] * [Eugène-Jean-Claude-Joseph Desflèches](/source/Eug%C3%A8ne-Jean-Claude-Joseph_Desfl%C3%A8ches) ([Paris Foreign Missions Society](/source/Paris_Foreign_Missions_Society), abbreviated M.E.P.) (born in France) (2 April 1856 – 24 January 1860); previously [Titular Bishop](/source/Titular_bishop) of [Sinita](/source/Tharros) (1842.05.29 – 1883.02.20) as [Coadjutor Apostolic Vicar of Szechwan](/source/Diocese_of_Chengdu) (1844 – 1856.04.02); emeritate as Titular Archbishop of [Claudiopolis in Honoriade](/source/Diocese_of_Claudiopolis_(Honorias)) (1883.02.20 – death 1887.11.07). ; Apostolic Vicars of Eastern Szechwan * [Eugène-Jean-Claude-Joseph Desflèches](/source/Eug%C3%A8ne-Jean-Claude-Joseph_Desfl%C3%A8ches), M.E.P. (born in France) (''see above''; 24 January 1860 – retired 20 February 1883) * {{ill|Eugène-Paul Coupat|fr}}, M.E.P. (born in France) (20 February 1883 – death 26 January 1890), succeeding as former Coadjutor Vicar Apostolic of Eastern Szechwan (1882.08.28 – 1883.02.20) and Titular Bishop of [Thagaste](/source/Thagaste) (1882.08.28 – 1890.01.26) * ''{{ill|Laurent Blettery|ru|Блеттери, Лоран}}, M.E.P. (born in France) (2 September 1890 – 17 August 1891 not possessed), Titular Bishop of [Zela](/source/Zile) (1890.09.02 – 1891.08.17 not possessed); died 1898'' * {{ill|Célestin Chouvellon|lt=Célestin-Félix-Joseph Chouvellon|fr}}, M.E.P. (born France) (25 September 1891 – death 11 May 1924), Titular Bishop of [Dausara](/source/Dausara_(see)) (1891.09.25 – 1924.05.11) ; Apostolic Vicar of Chungking * {{ill|Louis-Gabriel-Xavier Jantzen|fr}}, M.E.P. (last incumbent born in France) (16 February 1925 – 11 April 1946 ''see below''), [Titular Bishop](/source/Titular_bishop) of [Tremithus](/source/Tremetousia) (1926.02.16 – 1946.04.11) ; Metropolitan Archbishop of Chungking * [Louis-Gabriel-Xavier Jantzen](/source/Louis-Gabriel-Xavier_Jantzen), M.E.P. (''see above'' 11 April 1946 – retired 24 October 1950), emeritate as Titular Archbishop of [Phasis](/source/Phasis_(titular_see)) (1950.10.24 – death 1953.08.28) ; Metropolitan Archbishops of Chongqing * ''uncanonical, i.e. without papal mandate: {{ill|Shi Mingliang|no}} (1963 – ?), died 1978'' * ''without papal mandate: {{ill|Simon Liu Zongyu|no}} (1981 – 1992.09.30), died 1992'' * {{ill|Peter Luo Beizhan|no}} (1993 – death 2001.03.26) == See also == * [Anglican Diocese of Szechwan](/source/Diocese_of_Western_China) * [List of Catholic dioceses in China](/source/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_in_China) == References== {{Reflist}} == Sources and external links == * {{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/chun0.htm |title=Metropolitan Archdiocese of Chongqing — data for all sections except statistics |author= |date= |website=gcatholic.org |access-date=23 October 2023}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dchun.html |title=Archdiocese of Chongqing [Chungking] — statistics |author= |date= |website=[catholic-hierarchy.org](/source/Catholic-Hierarchy.org) |access-date=23 October 2023}} ---- ; Attribution {{CE1913|wstitle= Vicariate Apostolic of Eastern Sze-Ch'wan |volume= 14 |last= Montanar |first= Valentine Hilaire |short=1}} {{coord|29.5604|N|106.5660|E|source:wikidata|display=title}} {{Christianity in Sichuan}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chongqing, Roman Catholic Archdiocese}} Category:Archdiocese of Chongqing Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 19th century Category:Christian organizations established in the 1850s Category:Religious organizations established in 1856 Organizations based in Chongqing 1856 establishments in China --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Archdiocese of Chongqing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Chongqing) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Chongqing?action=history)). 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