# Aratinga

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Genus of birds

Aratinga Sun conure (Aratinga solstitialis) Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittacidae Tribe: Arini Genus: Aratinga Spix, 1824 Type species Psittacus luteus[1] = Psittacus solstitialis Boddaert, 1783 Species Aratinga solstitialis Aratinga maculata Aratinga jandaya Aratinga auricapilla Aratinga nenday Aratinga weddellii

***Aratinga*** is a [genus](/source/Genus) of South American [conures](/source/Conure). Most are predominantly green, although a few are predominantly yellow or orange. They are social and commonly seen in groups in the wild. In [Brazil](/source/Brazil), the popular name of several species usually is *jandaia*, sometimes written as *jandaya* in the scientific form.

Many species from this genus are popular pets, although being larger than the members of the genus *[Pyrrhura](/source/Pyrrhura)*, they need a sizable [aviary](/source/Aviary) to thrive.

## Taxonomy

The genus *Aratinga* was introduced in 1824 by the German naturalist [Johann Baptist von Spix](/source/Johann_Baptist_von_Spix).[2] The [type species](/source/Type_species) was subsequently designated as the [sun parakeet](/source/Sun_parakeet).[3][4] The genus name is from the extinct [Tupi language](/source/Tupi_language) of Brasil. *Ará tinga* means "bright bird" or "bright parrot".[5]

The [taxonomy](/source/Taxonomy_(biology)) of this genus has recently been resolved by splitting it in four genera, as the genus as previously defined was [paraphyletic](/source/Paraphyletic).[6][7][8][9][10] The species of the *[Aratinga solstitialis](/source/Aratinga_solstitialis)* complex[7][8] were retained in this genus, while other former *Aratinga* species were moved to *[Eupsittula](/source/Eupsittula)* (brownish-throated species), *[Psittacara](/source/Psittacara)* (pale-beaked species) and *[Thectocercus](/source/Blue-crowned_parakeet)* (blue-crowned parakeet).[6] Furthermore, the closely related [nanday parakeet](/source/Nanday_parakeet) (*A. nenday*) and the [dusky-headed parakeet](/source/Dusky-headed_parakeet) (*A. weddellii*) are placed in this genus. The nanday parakeet was previously placed in its own genus based on the differences in coloration and elongated upper mandible, but this was not supported by [phylogenetic](/source/Phylogenetic) studies that showed a close relationship with the *A. solstitialis* species complex.[6]

## Species

Aratinga Common and binomial names[11] Image Description Native Range Sun parakeet or sun conure (Aratinga solstitialis) 30 cm (12 in) long. Mostly yellow, fading to orange over the head and belly. Yellow, green in the wing featuring cobalt-blue to blue-violet flight feathers and tail feathers. Black beak. South America[12][13] Sulphur-breasted parakeet (Aratinga maculata) Brazil and Suriname[14][15] Jandaya parakeet or jenday conure (Aratinga jandaya) Orange and yellow with green wings and back. Black beak. Brazil[16][17] Golden-capped parakeet (Aratinga auricapillus) 30 cm (12 in) long. Mostly green. Black beak. Orange-red belly, red face fading to yellow over the crown.[18] Brazil[19] Dusky-headed parakeet Weddell's conure or dusky-headed conure (Aratinga weddellii) 25–28 cm (10–11 in). Mostly green. Black beak. A grey-brown head, a blue-tipped tail and remiges. Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru[20][21] Nanday parakeet (Aratinga nenday) Mostly green. Black facial mask and beak. Black trailing flight feathers on wings and long tail edged at the end in blue. Upper chest is bluish-green and lower chest is a paler green. Feathers covering the thighs red. SE Bolivia to SW Brazil, C Paraguay and N Argentina[22][23] Aratinga vorohuensis Extinct. Described from Late Pliocene fossils found in Argentina.[24]

## Hypothetical extinct species

[Jean-Baptiste Labat](/source/Jean-Baptiste_Labat) described a population of small parrots living on [Guadeloupe](/source/Guadeloupe), which has been postulated to be a separate species based on little evidence. They were called *Conurus labati*, and are now referred to as the [Guadeloupe parakeet](/source/Guadeloupe_parakeet) (*Aratinga labati*). No specimens or remains of the [extinct](/source/Extinct) parrots are known. Their taxonomy may never be fully elucidated, so their postulated status as a separate species is hypothetical, and it is regarded as a [hypothetical extinct species](/source/Hypothetical_extinct_species).[25]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-HM4_1-0)** ["Psittacidae"](https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=67). *aviansystematics.org*. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-24.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [von Spix, Johann Baptist](/source/Johann_Baptist_von_Spix) (1824). [*Avium species novae, quas Brasiliam anus MDCCCXVII - MDCCCXX*](https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k993135/f31.item) (in Latin). Vol. 1. Monachii [Munich]: Franc. Seraph. Hübschmanni. p. 29.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [Gray, George Robert](/source/George_Robert_Gray) (1855). [*Catalogue of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds Contained in the British Museum*](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/17136726). London: British Museum. p. 87.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** [Peters, James Lee](/source/James_L._Peters), ed. (1937). [*Check-List of Birds of the World*](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14477900). Vol. 3. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 185.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Jobling, James A. (2010). [*The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names*](https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n53/mode/1up). London: Christopher Helm. p. 53. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4081-2501-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-2501-4).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-revision_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-revision_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-revision_6-2) Remsen, J.V. Jr.; Schirtzinger, E.E.; Ferraroni, A.; Silveira, L.F.; Wright, T.F. (2013). "DNA-sequence data require revision of the parrot genus *Aratinga* (Aves: Psittacidae)". *Zootaxa*. **3641** (3): 296–300. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.11646/zootaxa.3641.3.9](https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fzootaxa.3641.3.9). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [26287088](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26287088).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Solitaris_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Solitaris_7-1) Ribas, Camila C.; Miyaki, Cristina Y. (2004). "Molecular systematics in *Aratinga* parakeets: species limits and historical biogeography in the 'solstitialis' group, and the systematic position of *Nandayus nenday*". *Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution*. **30** (3): 663–75. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2004MolPE..30..663R](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004MolPE..30..663R). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00223-9](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1055-7903%2803%2900223-9). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [15012946](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15012946).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Apintoi_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Apintoi_8-1) Silverira, L.; Höfling, E. (2005). ["A new species of Aratinga Parakeet (Psittaformes: Psittacidae) from Brazil, with taxonomical remarks on the Aratinga solstitialis complex"](https://doi.org/10.1642%2F0004-8038%282005%29122%5B0292%3AANSOAP%5D2.0.CO%3B2). *The Auk*. **122** (1): 292–305. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122\[0292:ANSOAP\]2.0.CO;2](https://doi.org/10.1642%2F0004-8038%282005%29122%5B0292%3AANSOAP%5D2.0.CO%3B2).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Tavares ES; Baker AJ; Pereira SL; Miyaki CY (2006). ["Phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of Neotropical parrots (Psittaciformes : Psittacidae : Arini) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences"](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10635150600697390). *Systematic Biology*. **55** (3): 454–470. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/10635150600697390](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10635150600697390). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [16861209](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16861209).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-HBW_10-0)** Collar, N.J. (1997). J. del Hoyo; A. Elliot; J. Sargatal (eds.). *Family Psittacidae*. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 4. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 280–479.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-zoonomen_11-0)** ["Zoological Nomenclature Resource: Psittaciformes (Version 9.013)"](http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/psit.html). www.zoonomen.net. 2008-12-29.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-BLI-1572_12-0)** ["Sun Parakeet - BirdLife Species Factsheet"](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=1572&m=0). BirdLife International (2008). Retrieved 3 January 2009.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** BirdLife International 2008. [Aratinga solstitialis](http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/142601/all). [2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.](http://www.iucnredlist.org) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140627094911/http://www.iucnredlist.org/) June 27, 2014, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-BLI-22735551_14-0)** ["Sulphur-breasted Parakeet - BirdLife Species Factsheet"](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=22685752&m=0). BirdLife International (2008). Retrieved 28 August 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** BirdLife International 2008. [Aratinga maculata](http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/22735551/all). [2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.](http://www.iucnredlist.org) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140627094911/http://www.iucnredlist.org/) June 27, 2014, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-BLI-1573_16-0)** ["Jandaya Parakeet - BirdLife Species Factsheet"](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=1573&m=0). BirdLife International (2008). Retrieved 3 January 2009.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** BirdLife International 2008. [Aratinga jandaya](http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/142602/all). [2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.](http://www.iucnredlist.org) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140627094911/http://www.iucnredlist.org/) June 27, 2014, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-BLI-1574_18-0)** ["Golden-capped Parakeet - BirdLife Species Factsheet"](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=1574&m=0). BirdLife International (2008). Retrieved 3 January 2009.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** BirdLife International 2008. [Aratinga auricapillus](http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/142603/all). [2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.](http://www.iucnredlist.org) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140627094911/http://www.iucnredlist.org/) June 27, 2014, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-BLI-1575_20-0)** ["Dusky-headed Parakeet - BirdLife Species Factsheet"](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=1575&m=0). BirdLife International (2008). Retrieved 3 January 2009.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** BirdLife International 2008. [Aratinga weddellii](http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/142605/all). [2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.](http://www.iucnredlist.org) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140627094911/http://www.iucnredlist.org/) June 27, 2014, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-BLI-22685752_22-0)** ["Nanday Parakeet - BirdLife Species Factsheet"](http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=22685752&m=0). BirdLife International (2008). Retrieved 28 August 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** BirdLife International 2008. [Aratinga nenday](http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/22685752/all). [2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.](http://www.iucnredlist.org) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140627094911/http://www.iucnredlist.org/) June 27, 2014, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** Eduardo P. Tonni & Jorge I. Noriega (1996). ["Una nueva especia de *Nandayus* Bonaparte, 1854 (Aves: Psittaciformes) del Pliocene tardío de Argentina"](http://rchn.biologiachile.cl/pdfs/1996/1/Tonni_&_Noriega_1996.pdf) [A new species of *Nandayus* Bonaparte (Aves: Psittaciformes) from the Late Pliocene of Argentina] (PDF). *[Revista Chilena de Historia Natural](/source/Revista_Chilena_de_Historia_Natural)* (in Spanish). **69**: 97–104.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Fuller1987_25-0)** Fuller, Errol (1987). *Extinct Birds*. Penguin Books (England). p. 131. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-670-81787-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-81787-0).

v t e Genera of parrots and their extinct allies Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Clade: Eufalconimorphae Clade: Psittacopasseres Psittacopasseres †Vastanavidae Avolatavis Calcardea? Eurofluvioviridavis Vastanavis †Psittacopedidae Eofringillirostrum Parapsittacopes Psittacomimus Psittacopes Parapasseres †Minutornis †Zygodactylidae Eozygodactylus Primoscens Primozygodactylus Zygodactylus Passeriformes See Passeriformes †Halcyornithidae? Cyrilavis Halcyornis Pseudasturides Pulchrapollia Serudaptus †Messelasturidae? Messelastur Tynskya †Quercypsittidae Palaeopsittacus? Quercypsitta †Morsoravidae Morsoravis Pumiliornis Sororavis Psittaciformes See below ↓ Psittaciformes Incertae sedis †Mogontiacopsitta Namapsittidae †Namapsitta Strigopoidea Strigopidae †Heracles †Nelepsittacus Nestor Strigops Cacatuoidea Cacatuidae Cacatua Callocephalon Calyptorhynchus Eolophus Lophochroa Nymphicus Probosciger Zanda Psittacoidea Psittacidae incertae sedis †Archaeopsittacus Arinae Brotogeris Deroptyus Hapalopsittaca Myiopsitta Pionites "Amoropsittacini" Bolborhynchus Nannopsittaca Psilopsiagon Touit Androglossini Alipiopsitta Amazona Graydidascalus Pionopsitta Pionus Pyrilia Triclaria Arini Anodorhynchus Ara Aratinga †Conuropsis Cyanoliseus Cyanopsitta Diopsittaca Enicognathus Eupsittula Guaruba Leptosittaca Ognorhynchus Orthopsittaca Primolius Psittacara Pyrrhura Rhynchopsitta Thectocercus "Forpini" Forpus Psittacinae †Bavaripsitta †Khwenena Poicephalus Psittacus †Xenopsitta Psittrichasiidae Coracopsinae Coracopsis Coracopsinae Psittrichas Psittaculidae Agapornithinae Agapornis Bolbopsittacus Loriculus Loriinae Cyclopsittini Cyclopsitta Psittaculirostris Loriini Chalcopsitta Charminetta Charmosyna Charmosynoides Charmosynopsis Eos Glossopsitta Glossoptilus Hypocharmosyna Lorius Neopsittacus Oreopsittacus Parvipsitta Pseudeos Psitteuteles Saudareos Synorhacma Trichoglossus Vini Melopsittacini Melopsittacus Platycercinae Pezoporini Neophema Neopsephotus Pezoporus Platycercini Barnardius Cyanoramphus Eunymphicus Lathamus Northiella Platycercus Prosopeia Psephotellus Psephotus Purpureicephalus Psittacellinae Psittacella Psittaculinae Micropsittini Micropsitta Polytelini Alisterus Aprosmictus Polytelis Psittaculini Eclectus Geoffroyus †Lophopsittacus †Mascarinus †Necropsittacus Prioniturus Psittacula Psittinus Tanygnathus

Taxon identifiers Aratinga Wikidata: Q776138 Wikispecies: Aratinga BOLD: 69469 CoL: ZRV GBIF: 2479088 iNaturalist: 19170 IRMNG: 1344847 ITIS: 177672 NBN: NHMSYS0020930000 NCBI: 12945 Open Tree of Life: 186445 Paleobiology Database: 369397

Authority control databases National Czech Republic 2 Other Yale LUX

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Aratinga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aratinga) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aratinga?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.