# Apollo 1 Hills

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Hills on Mars

Grissom Hill

The **Apollo 1 Hills** are three hills on [Mars](/source/Mars) named to memorialize the crew of [Apollo 1](/source/Apollo_1). The three hills were some of the first landmarks sighted following the January 7, 2004, landing of the [*Spirit* rover](/source/MER-A) on Mars.

## Background

[NASA](/source/NASA) astronauts [Gus Grissom](/source/Gus_Grissom), [Roger Chaffee](/source/Roger_Chaffee), and [Ed White](/source/Ed_White_(astronaut)) perished in a [flash fire](/source/Flash_fire) which engulfed their [command module](/source/Apollo_command_module) on January 27, 1967, while training for the first of the crewed Apollo missions, initially designated as Apollo Saturn-204 (AS-204).[1][2] Their capsule stood atop the [Saturn-1B](/source/Apollo_1) rocket which was at the time docked to the [launchpad gantry](/source/Service_structure) at [Cape Canaveral](/source/Cape_Canaveral)'s [Launch Complex 34](/source/Launch_Complex_34), while they performed an in-[capsule](/source/Space_capsule) training for what was to be a [low Earth orbit](/source/Low_Earth_orbit) shake-out mission for the United States' [Apollo Space Program](/source/Apollo_program).[3] The craft was set to launch three weeks later, on February 21, 1967.[1] Following the fire, the mission was renamed Apollo 1 to honor the crew's work.[2][4]

The memorialized crew (l to r: White, Grissom, Chaffee)

Mission Command Pilot Grissom had flown in both [Mercury](/source/Mercury_program) and [Gemini programs](/source/Gemini_program).[2] Chaffee, at 31, was the youngest member of the astronaut corp ever chosen and was prepping for his first flight.[2] White had been the first American to perform a [spacewalk](/source/Spacewalk) during the Gemini program.[2]

## Location

The three vastly separated hills are located in the [Gusev crater](/source/Gusev_(Mars_crater)), part of the [Aeolis quadrangle](/source/Aeolis_quadrangle) on Mars.[1] They were photographed from *Spirit*'s landing site, designated as the [*Columbia* Memorial Station](/source/Columbia_Memorial_Station), shortly after the descent and soft landing on the Martian surface of the [rover](/source/Mars_rover). The *Columbia* station and the nearby [Columbia Hills](/source/Columbia_Hills_(Mars)) are themselves named in honor of the seven crew members of the fatal [*Columbia* spacecraft breakup](/source/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster).[1]

The hills are named in memory of the three Apollo 1 astronauts.[2] Grissom Hill is located 7.5 km (4.7 mi) southwest of the *Columbia* Memorial Station (at Martian co-ordinates [14°34′18″S 175°28′43″E / 14.5718°S 175.4785°E / -14.5718; 175.4785](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Apollo_1_Hills&params=14.5718_S_175.4785_E_globe:Mars)); while 11.2 km (7.0 mi) to the northwest lies White Hill; and Chaffee Hill is located 14.3 km (8.9 mi) south-southwest of the station.[1] As of January 2020, however, the [International Astronomical Union](/source/International_Astronomical_Union) has not officially designated the hills with the names of the astronauts.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

"Through recorded history, explorers have had both the honor and responsibility of naming significant landmarks. Gus, Ed, and Roger's contributions, as much as their sacrifice, helped make our giant leap for mankind possible … as America strides towards our next giant leap, NASA, and the Mars Exploration Rover team created a fitting tribute to these brave explorers and their legacy." – written statement by former NASA Administrator, [Sean O'Keefe](/source/Sean_O'Keefe)[1]

## Panoramic view

Apollo Hills panorama from the MER-A landing site

## See also

- [Geography of Mars](/source/Geography_of_Mars)

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-NBC_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-NBC_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-NBC_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-NBC_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-NBC_1-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-NBC_1-5) ["Martian Hills Named after Apollo Crew"](https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna4080663); webpage; [NBC News](/source/NBC_News) online; accessed January 2020

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-EDN_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-EDN_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-EDN_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-EDN_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-EDN_2-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-EDN_2-5) [*Apollo 1 Testing Ends in Tragedy*](https://www.edn.com/apollo-1-testing-ends-in-tragedy-january-27-1967/); webpage; January 27, 2019; MacNeil, Jessica; EDN online; accessed January 2020

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Coll_3-0)** [*Apollo 1 50th Anniversary Memorials*](http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-012317a-apollo1-50th-anniversary-memorials.html); webpage; Collect Space online; accessed January 2020

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Sith_4-0)** [*Apollo 1 – (AS-204)*](https://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/apollo-program/orbital-missions/apollo1.cfm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190411100402/https://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/topics/apollo/apollo-program/orbital-missions/apollo1.cfm) April 11, 2019, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine); Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum online; accessed January 2020

## External links

- [http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/55172main_apollo_hills.jpg](https://www.nasa.gov/images/content/55172main_apollo_hills.jpg)

- [Official Mars Rovers site](https://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Apollo 1 Hills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_1_Hills) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_1_Hills?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.