# Apocynum
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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = SpreadingDogbane.JPG
|image_caption = ''[Apocynum androsaemifolium](/source/Apocynum_androsaemifolium)''
|display_parents = 2
|taxon = Apocynum
|authority = [L.](/source/Carl_Linnaeus)
|synonyms =
* ''Apocynastrum'' Heist. ex Fabr.
* ''Cynopaema'' Lunell
* ''Poacynum'' Baill.
* ''Trachomitum'' Woodson
|synonyms_ref = [{{cite web |url=http://wcsp.science.kew.org/namedetail.do?name_id=12795 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916034311/http://wcsp.science.kew.org/namedetail.do?name_id=12795 |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 16, 2020 |title=''Apocynum'' |work=[World Checklist of Selected Plant Families](/source/World_Checklist_of_Selected_Plant_Families) (WCSP) |publisher=[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew) }}]
}}
'''''Apocynum''''', commonly known as '''dogbane'''[{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf |title=English Names for Korean Native Plants |publisher=[Korea National Arboretum](/source/Korea_National_Arboretum) |year=2015 |isbn=978-89-97450-98-5 |location=Pocheon |pages=517 |access-date=25 January 2016 |via=[Korea Forest Service](/source/Korea_Forest_Service) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525105020/http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf |archive-date=25 May 2017 }}] or '''Indian hemp''',[{{LSJ|a)po/kunon|ἀπόκυνον|ref}}.] from {{wikt-lang|grc|ἀπο-}} ''apo-'' "away" and {{wikt-lang|grc|κύων}} ''kyōn'' "dog",[{{Cite web |title=Colorado Plant Database - SPREADING DOGBANE - Apocynum androsaemifolium |url=https://www.jeffco.us/?sna=Apocynum+androsaemifolium&image=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727165744/http://www.co.jefferson.co.us/coopext/plantdetail.do?sna=Apocynum+androsaemifolium&image=0 |archive-date=27 July 2011 |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=www.jeffco.us}}] referring to dogbane (''[Cionura erecta](/source/Cionura_erecta)''),[{{LSJ|a)po/kunon|ἀπόκυνον|longref}}] which was used to poison dogs.[{{Jepson Manual |taxon=Apocynum |first=Lauramay T. |last=Dempster}}] The genus is native to [North America](/source/North_America), temperate [Asia](/source/Asia), and southeastern [Europe](/source/Europe).[{{eFloras|2|102290|Apocynum |first1=Bingtao |last1=Li |first2=Antony J. M. |last2=Leeuwenberg |first3=David J. |last3=Middleton |volume=16}}][{{BONAP |genus=Apocynum |date=2013}}]
''Apocynum'' species are used as food plants by the [larva](/source/larva)e of some [Lepidoptera](/source/Lepidoptera) species, including the [queen butterfly](/source/queen_butterfly) and the [mouse moth](/source/mouse_moth).
==Uses==
''[Apocynum cannabinum](/source/Apocynum_cannabinum)'' is used as a source of fiber by [Native Americans](/source/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas). ''[Apocynum venetum](/source/Apocynum_venetum)'' ({{zh|c=羅布麻}}) is used as an [herbal tea](/source/herbal_tea) in [China](/source/China).[{{cite journal | pmid=10763585 | doi=10.1055/s-2000-11135 | volume=66 | title=Hepatoprotective effect of Apocynum venetum and its active constituents | journal=Planta Med | pages=127–33 | last1=Xiong | first1=Q | last2=Fan | first2=W | last3=Tezuka | first3=Y | last4=Adnyana | first4=IK | last5=Stampoulis | first5=P | last6=Hattori | first6=M | last7=Namba | first7=T | last8=Kadota | first8=S| year=2000 | issue=2 | bibcode=2000PlMed..66..127X | s2cid=25960011 }}] Dogbane contains [cymarin](/source/cymarin), a [cardiotonic](/source/cardiotonic) agent formerly used to treat [cardiac arrhythmia](/source/cardiac_arrhythmia) in humans.[[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/56844123 National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Cymarine]]
==Species==
Almost 300 names have been proposed in the genus for species, subspecies, and forms.[
* ''[Apocynum androsaemifolium](/source/Apocynum_androsaemifolium)'' L. – Canada, United States, northeastern Mexico
* ''[Apocynum cannabinum](/source/Apocynum_cannabinum)'' L. – Canada, United States
* ''[Apocynum × floribundum](/source/Apocynum_%C3%97_floribundum)'' Greene (a [hybrid](/source/hybrid_name) of ''A. androsaemifolium'' and ''A. cannabinum'') – Canada, United States, northern Mexico
* ''[Apocynum pictum](/source/Apocynum_pictum)'' Schrenk – China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan
* ''[Apocynum venetum](/source/Apocynum_venetum)'' L. – southeastern Europe and Asia
{{Gallery|mode=packed
|Apocynum cannabinum Toulouse.jpg|Flowers of ''[Apocynum cannabinum](/source/Apocynum_cannabinum)''
|Apocynum androsaemifolium 2017-05-23 0651.jpg|Leaves of ''[Apocynum androsaemifolium](/source/Apocynum_androsaemifolium)''
|Apocynum venetum 1.jpg|''[Apocynum venetum](/source/Apocynum_venetum)''
}}
==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
][{{cite web |title=''Apocynum'' L. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:2211-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanical Gardens Kew |access-date=17 June 2019}}]
}}
==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q133242}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Apocyneae
Category:Apocynaceae genera
Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Apocynum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocynum) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocynum?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.