# Apen

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**Apen** (ˈaːpn̩; nds: *Aap*) is a municipality in the district of [Ammerland](/source/Ammerland), in [Lower Saxony](/source/Lower_Saxony), [Germany](/source/Germany).

## History

The first historical mentions of Apen date to around 1230, when the Knights of Apen provided military service to the Count of [Oldenburg](/source/Oldenburg_(city)). At that time, it was an important border town on the water and land route to [East Frisia](/source/East_Frisia). The St. Nikolai Church was built around this time. The first windmill in the Ammerland region was built in Apen in 1340. Apen was the most important fortress town in the Ammerland region against the East Frisian "foreigners" for centuries.

In 1457, Apen was destroyed in a feud between the East Frisians and Oldenburgers. In the following years, there were repeated fires in Apen, for example in 1465, 1468, and 1473. The fortress of Apen was captured by the [Prince Bishop of Münster](/source/Prince_bishop_of_Muenster) in 1538. In 1582, Count Johann von Oldenburg established two markets in Apen. The traditional autumn market is still celebrated every year. The fortress of Apen, built around 1515, was expanded into a fort between 1710 and 1730, and was demolished between 1773 and 1780. Only the former moat of the fortress still exists today.

In 1850, the newly founded Augustfehn I-III peat colonies experienced significant industrial development and contributed significantly to the industrialization of the Oldenburg region in the 19th century. The Augustfehn ironworks played a particularly important role in this development.

## References

1. ["Verzeichnis der direkt gewählten Bürgermeister/-innen und Landräte/Landrätinnen"](https://www.statistik.niedersachsen.de/download/169156). [Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen](/source/Landesamt_f%C3%BCr_Statistik_Niedersachsen). April 2021.

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