# Apache CloudStack

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Open-source cloud computing software

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CloudStack Original authors Cloud.com, Citrix Developer Apache Software Foundation Stable release 4.21.x (LTS) 4.21.0.0 / August 24, 2025; 10 months ago (2025-08-24)[1] 4.17.x (LTS) 4.17.2.0 / December 16, 2022; 3 years ago (2022-12-16)[1] Written in Java (primarily), Python Platform Java Type Cloud computing License Apache License 2.0 Website cloudstack.apache.org Repository CloudStack Repository

- [Free and open-source software portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software)
- [Internet portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Internet)

**CloudStack** is [open-source](/source/Open-source_software) [Infrastructure-as-a-Service](/source/Infrastructure_as_a_service#Infrastructure) [cloud computing](/source/Cloud_computing) software for creating, managing, and deploying [infrastructure cloud services](/source/IaaS). It uses existing [hypervisor](/source/Hypervisor) platforms for virtualization, such as [KVM](/source/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine), [VMware vSphere](/source/VMware_vSphere), including [ESXi](/source/VMware_ESXi) and [vCenter](/source/VCenter), [XenServer/XCP](/source/Xen) and [XCP-ng](/source/XCP-ng). In addition to its own API, CloudStack also supports the [Amazon Web Services](/source/Amazon_Web_Services) (AWS) API[2] and the [Open Cloud Computing Interface](/source/Open_Cloud_Computing_Interface) from the [Open Grid Forum](/source/Open_Grid_Forum).[3]

## History

CloudStack was originally developed by Cloud.com, formerly known as VMOps.[4]

VMOps was founded by Sheng Liang, Shannon Williams, Alex Huang, Will Chan, and Chiradeep Vittal in 2008.[5][6] The company raised a total of $17.6M in venture funding[7] from [Redpoint Ventures](/source/Redpoint_Ventures), Nexus Ventures and [Index Ventures](/source/Index_Ventures) (Redpoint and Nexus led the initial Series A funding round). The company changed its name from VMOps to Cloud.com on May 4, 2010, when it emerged from [stealth mode](/source/Stealth_mode) by announcing its product.[8][4][9] Cloud.com was based in [Cupertino](/source/Cupertino), [California](/source/California).

In May 2010, Cloud.com released most of CloudStack as [free software](/source/Free_software) under the [GNU General Public License](/source/GNU_General_Public_License), version 3 (GPLv3).[10] They kept about 5% proprietary.[11] Cloud.com and Citrix both supported [OpenStack](/source/OpenStack), another Apache-licensed cloud computing program, at its announcement in July 2010.[12][13][14]

In October 2010, Cloud.com announced a partnership with [Microsoft](/source/Microsoft) to develop the code to provide integration and support of Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V to the OpenStack project.[15]

[Citrix Systems](/source/Citrix_Systems) purchased Cloud.com on July 12, 2011, for approximately $200 million.[16][17][18] In August 2011, Citrix released the remaining code under the [Apache Software License](/source/Apache_Software_License) with further development governed by the [Apache Foundation](/source/Apache_Foundation).[11] In February 2012, Citrix released CloudStack 3.0. Among other features, this added support for [Swift](/source/OpenStack_Swift), OpenStack's S3-like object storage solution.[19]

In April 2012, Citrix donated CloudStack to the [Apache Software Foundation](/source/Apache_Software_Foundation) (ASF), where it was accepted into the Apache Incubator; Citrix changed the license to the [Apache License](/source/Apache_License) version 2. As part of this change, Citrix also ceased their involvement in [OpenStack](/source/OpenStack).[20] On November 6, 2012, CloudStack 4.0.0-incubating was announced,[21] the first stable release after joining ASF. On March 20, 2013, CloudStack graduated from Apache Incubator and became a [Top-Level Project](/source/List_of_Apache_Software_Foundation_projects) (TLP) of ASF.[22] The first stable (maintenance) release after graduation is CloudStack 4.0.2.[23]

## Key features

- Rich user-interface

- noVNC-based VM console

- Built-in high-availability for hosts and VMs

- Hypervisor-agnostic

- Multiple storage options including block and shared storage support

- Snapshot management

- Usage metering

- Network management (VLAN, security groups)

- Virtual routers, firewalls, load balancers

- Multi-role support

- LDAP, SAML, 2FA

- End-to-end encryption including secured console, volume and database encryption

- AWS API compatibility

[24]

## Supported Hypervisors

Hypervisor[25] Version EOL (End Of Life) VMware vSphere 6.5 15/10/2022[26] VMware vSphere 6.7 15/10/2022[26] VMware vSphere 7.0 02/04/2025[26] VMware vSphere 8.0 11/10/2029 Citrix Hypervisor 7.1 12/12/2023[27] Citrix Hypervisor 7.2 12/12/2023[27] Citrix Hypervisor 7.4 12/12/2023[27] Citrix Hypervisor 7.5 12/12/2023[27] Citrix Hypervisor 8.0 25/07/2025[28] XCP-ng 7.4 31/12/2018[28] XCP-ng 7.6 30/03/2020[28] XCP-ng 8.0 13/11/2020[28] XCP-ng 8.1 31/03/2021[28] XCP-ng 8.2 25/06/2025[28] Centos / Red Hat KVM 7 30/08/2021[29] Centos / Red Hat KVM 8 31/05/2029[29] Rocky/Alma Linux / Red Hat KVM 9 31 May 2034 Ubuntu / KVM 18 2028[30] Ubuntu / KVM 20 2030[30] Ubuntu / KVM 22 2027 Opensuse Leap / KVM 15 04/01/2022[31] Suse Linux Enterprise Server 15 31/07/2028[32] Rocky Linux 8 2029[33] Red Hat / LXC 7 30/08/2021[29] Microsoft Hyper-V 2012 R2 10/10/2023[34]

## BareMetal hosts

- RHEL or CentOS, v7.x

- Ubuntu 16.04

## Deployment architecture

The minimum production installation consists of one machine running the CloudStack Management Server and another machine to act as the cloud infrastructure (in this case, a very simple infrastructure consisting of one host running hypervisor software). In its smallest deployment, a single machine can act as both the Management Server and the hypervisor host (using the KVM hypervisor).[35]

Multiple management servers can be configured for redundancy and load balancing, all pointing to a common [MySQL](/source/MySQL) database.

## Users

In July 2012 it was reported that [Datapipe](/source/Datapipe) launched the largest international public cloud to be built on CloudStack, which included 6 data centers in the US, Britain, and Asia.[36]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-cloudstack_releases_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-cloudstack_releases_1-1) ["Releases · apache/cloudstack"](https://github.com/apache/cloudstack/releases). *github.com*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250115012350/https://github.com/apache/cloudstack/releases) from the original on 2025-01-15. Retrieved 2025-09-26.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-cloudstack_software_2-0)** ["Supported AWS API Calls"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130626212551/http://cloudstack.apache.org/docs/en-US/Apache_CloudStack/4.0.2/html/Installation_Guide/aws-ec2-supported-commands.html). Archived from [the original](https://cloudstack.apache.org/docs/en-US/Apache_CloudStack/4.0.2/html/Installation_Guide/aws-ec2-supported-commands.html) on June 26, 2013. Retrieved May 17, 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-cloudstack_occi_3-0)** ["OCCI Interface to CloudStack"](http://sebgoa.blogspot.com/2013/11/occi-interface-to-cloudstack.html). 5 November 2013. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140308223504/http://sebgoa.blogspot.com/2013/11/occi-interface-to-cloudstack.html) from the original on 8 March 2014. Retrieved Feb 26, 2014.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-the-channel_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-the-channel_4-1) Timothy Prickett Morgan (May 4, 2010). ["Cloud.com takes on virty infrastructure"](http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2010/05/04/cloud_com_launch/). *The Channel*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160813073209/http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2010/05/04/cloud_com_launch/) from the original on August 13, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** John Fontana (January 28, 2009). ["Start-up VMOps aims to ease cloud deployments"](https://www.computerworld.com/article/2530517/data-center/start-up-vmops-aims-to-ease-cloud-deployments.html). *Network World*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20171213015235/https://www.computerworld.com/article/2530517/data-center/start-up-vmops-aims-to-ease-cloud-deployments.html) from the original on December 13, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["Company Overview"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090122055748/http://vmops.com/corporate/company.shtml). *VMOps web site*. Archived from [the original](http://vmops.com/corporate/company.shtml) on January 22, 2009. Retrieved June 1, 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["More Cash for Hot New Cloud Startup, VMOps"](https://web.archive.org/web/20100221121343/http://gigaom.com/2010/02/18/vmops/). Gigaom.com. February 18, 2010. Archived from [the original](http://gigaom.com/2010/02/18/vmops) on February 21, 2010. Retrieved June 18, 2012.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Peder Ulander (July 22, 2010). ["You Are Now Free to Move About in the Cloud"](http://openstack.com/blog/2010/07/you-are-now-free-to-move-about-in-the-cloud/). *OpenStack blog*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120313045351/http://openstack.com/blog/2010/07/you-are-now-free-to-move-about-in-the-cloud/) from the original on March 13, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Clark, Jack (July 19, 2010). ["Nasa, Rackspace launch OpenStack cloud interoperability scheme | Cloud | ZDNet UK"](http://www.zdnet.co.uk/news/cloud/2010/07/19/nasa-rackspace-launch-openstack-cloud-interoperability-scheme-40089574/). Zdnet.co.uk. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120319091425/http://www.zdnet.co.uk/news/cloud/2010/07/19/nasa-rackspace-launch-openstack-cloud-interoperability-scheme-40089574/) from the original on March 19, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2012.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** ["Citrix Makes a Run at the Cloud"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110718130810/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/citrix-makes-a-run-at-the-cloud-07142011.html). *BusinessWeek*. July 14, 2011. Archived from [the original](http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/citrix-makes-a-run-at-the-cloud-07142011.html) on July 18, 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** ["Citrix Buys Cloud.com for More Than $200 Million; Redpoint Is on a Roll"](https://techcrunch.com/2011/07/12/citrix-buys-cloud-com-for-more-than-200-million-redpoint-is-on-a-roll/). *TechCrunch*. July 12, 2011. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110714231405/http://techcrunch.com/2011/07/12/citrix-buys-cloud-com-for-more-than-200-million-redpoint-is-on-a-roll) from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** ["Citrix CloudStack 3 Brings the Power of Amazon-Style Clouds to Customers of All Sizes"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120511075435/http://www.citrix.com/English/NE/news/news.asp?newsID=2321271). Citrix. February 13, 2012. Archived from [the original](http://www.citrix.com/English/ne/news/news.asp?newsID=2321271) on May 11, 2012. Retrieved May 27, 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** ["Citrix Splits With OpenStack, Takes Cloud to Apache"](https://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2012/04/citrix-cloudstack/). *Wired*. April 4, 2012. Retrieved May 27, 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** ["Apache CloudStack 4.0.0-incubating Released"](https://blogs.apache.org/cloudstack/entry/apache_cloudstack_4_0_0). *Apache Software Foundation*. November 6, 2012. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130512204045/https://blogs.apache.org/cloudstack/entry/apache_cloudstack_4_0_0) from the original on May 12, 2013. Retrieved May 17, 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** ["CloudStack Project Incubation Status"](https://incubator.apache.org/projects/cloudstack.html). Apache Software Foundation. March 20, 2013. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130520161400/http://incubator.apache.org/projects/cloudstack.html) from the original on May 20, 2013. Retrieved May 17, 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** ["Apache CloudStack 4.0.2 Released"](https://blogs.apache.org/cloudstack/entry/apache_cloudstack_4_0_2). *Apache Software Foundation*. April 24, 2013. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130512190734/https://blogs.apache.org/cloudstack/entry/apache_cloudstack_4_0_2) from the original on May 12, 2013. Retrieved May 17, 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Features_24-0)** ["Features"](https://cloudstack.apache.org/features.html). CloudStack. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220330065647/https://cloudstack.apache.org/features.html) from the original on 2022-03-30. Retrieved 2016-09-02.

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## External links

- [Official website](https://cloudstack.apache.org)

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- [Cloud Management Portal built on Apache Cloudstack](https://www.StackBill.com/)

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Apache CloudStack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_CloudStack) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_CloudStack?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.