# Antocha

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***Antocha*** is a genus of [crane flies](/source/Tipuloidea) in the family [Limoniidae](/source/Limoniidae). It was first described by Baron [Carl Robert Osten-Sacken](/source/Carl_Robert_Osten-Sacken) in 1860.

## Species

- Subgenus *[Antocha](/source/Antocha_(subgenus))* [Osten Sacken](/source/Carl_Robert_Osten-Sacken), 1860 - *[A. aciculifera](/source/Antocha_aciculifera)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1974 - *[A. aegina](/source/Antocha_aegina)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1970 - *[A. alexanderi](/source/Antocha_alexanderi)* Oosterbroek, 2009 - *[A. amblystyla](/source/Antocha_amblystyla)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1963 - *[A. angusticellula](/source/Antocha_angusticellula)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1969 - *[A. angustiterga](/source/Antocha_angustiterga)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1949 - *[A. arjuna](/source/Antocha_arjuna)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1969 - *[A. attenuata](/source/Antocha_attenuata)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1969 - *[A. basivena](/source/Antocha_basivena)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1936 - *[A. bella](/source/Antocha_bella)* Markeviciute and Podenas, 2019 - *[A. biacus](/source/Antocha_biacus)* Savchenko, 1981 - *[A. biarmata](/source/Antocha_biarmata)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1940 - *[A. bidens](/source/Antocha_bidens)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1932 - *[A. bidigitata](/source/Antocha_bidigitata)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1954 - *[A. bifida](/source/Antocha_bifida)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1924 - *[A. biobtusa](/source/Antocha_biobtusa)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1968 - *[A. brevifurca](/source/Antocha_brevifurca)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1974 - *[A. brevinervis](/source/Antocha_brevinervis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1924 - *[A. brevistyla](/source/Antocha_brevistyla)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1924 - *[A. capitella](/source/Antocha_capitella)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1941 - *[A. chonsaniana](/source/Antocha_chonsaniana)* Podenas, 2015 - *[A. confluenta](/source/Antocha_confluenta)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1926 - *[A. constricta](/source/Antocha_constricta)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1932 - *[A. dafla](/source/Antocha_dafla)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1969 - *[A. decurvata](/source/Antocha_decurvata)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1941 - *[A. decussata](/source/Antocha_decussata)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1973 - *[A. dentifera](/source/Antocha_dentifera)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1924 - *[A. dilatata](/source/Antocha_dilatata)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1924 - *[A. emarginata](/source/Antocha_emarginata)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1938 - *[A. exilistyla](/source/Antocha_exilistyla)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1969 - *[A. flavidibasis](/source/Antocha_flavidibasis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1938 - *[A. flavidula](/source/Antocha_flavidula)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1936 - *[A. fortidens](/source/Antocha_fortidens)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1933 - *[A. fusca](/source/Antocha_fusca)* [Edwards](/source/Frederick_Wallace_Edwards), 1928 - *[A. gladiata](/source/Antocha_gladiata)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1974 - *[A. globulosa](/source/Antocha_globulosa)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1973 - *[A. glycera](/source/Antocha_glycera)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1969 - *[A. gracillima](/source/Antocha_gracillima)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1924 - *[A. hirtipes](/source/Antocha_hirtipes)* Savchenko, 1971 - *[A. hyperlata](/source/Antocha_hyperlata)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1968 - *[A. incurva](/source/Antocha_incurva)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1968 - *[A. indica](/source/Antocha_indica)* [Brunetti](/source/Enrico_Adelelmo_Brunetti), 1912 - *[A. javanensis](/source/Antocha_javanensis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1915 - *[A. khasiensis](/source/Antocha_khasiensis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1936 - *[A. koreana](/source/Antocha_koreana)* Podenas and Byun, 2014 - *[A. lacteibasis](/source/Antocha_lacteibasis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1935 - *[A. latifurca](/source/Antocha_latifurca)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1969 - *[A. libanotica](/source/Antocha_libanotica)* Lackschewitz, 1940 - *[A. lindneri](/source/Antocha_lindneri)* (Nielsen, 1963) - *[A. longispina](/source/Antocha_longispina)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1969 - *[A. macrocera](/source/Antocha_macrocera)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1970 - *[A. madrasensis](/source/Antocha_madrasensis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1970 - *[A. mara](/source/Antocha_mara)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1970 - *[A. microcera](/source/Antocha_microcera)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1974 - *[A. minuticornis](/source/Antocha_minuticornis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1931 - *[A. mitosanensis](/source/Antocha_mitosanensis)* Torii, 1992 - *[A. monticola](/source/Antocha_monticola)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1917 - *[A. multidentata](/source/Antocha_multidentata)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1932 - *[A. mysorensis](/source/Antocha_mysorensis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1974 - *[A. nebulipennis](/source/Antocha_nebulipennis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1931 - *[A. nebulosa](/source/Antocha_nebulosa)* [Edwards](/source/Frederick_Wallace_Edwards), 1928 - *[A. neoflavella](/source/Antocha_neoflavella)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander) & Alexander, 1973 - *[A. nigribasis](/source/Antocha_nigribasis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1932 - *[A. obtusa](/source/Antocha_obtusa)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1925 - *[A. opalizans](/source/Antocha_opalizans)* [Osten Sacken](/source/Carl_Robert_Osten-Sacken), 1860 - *[A. ophioglossa](/source/Antocha_ophioglossa)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1954 - *[A. ophioglossodes](/source/Antocha_ophioglossodes)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1968 - *[A. pachyphallus](/source/Antocha_pachyphallus)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1971 - *[A. pallidella](/source/Antocha_pallidella)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1933 - *[A. parvicristata](/source/Antocha_parvicristata)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1971 - *[A. peracuta](/source/Antocha_peracuta)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1971 - *[A. perattenuata](/source/Antocha_perattenuata)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1971 - *[A. perobtusa](/source/Antocha_perobtusa)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1971 - *[A. perstudiosa](/source/Antocha_perstudiosa)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1958 - *[A. phoenicia](/source/Antocha_phoenicia)* Thomas and Dia, 1982 - *[A. pictipennis](/source/Antocha_pictipennis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1949 - *[A. picturata](/source/Antocha_picturata)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1936 - *[A. platyphallus](/source/Antocha_platyphallus)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1935 - *[A. platystylis](/source/Antocha_platystylis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1974 - *[A. plumbea](/source/Antocha_plumbea)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1936 - *[A. postnotalis](/source/Antocha_postnotalis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1974 - *[A. prolixistyla](/source/Antocha_prolixistyla)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1971 - *[A. pterographa](/source/Antocha_pterographa)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1953 - *[A. pulchra](/source/Antocha_pulchra)* Markeviciute and Podenas, 2021 - *[A. quadrifurca](/source/Antocha_quadrifurca)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1971 - *[A. quadrirhaphis](/source/Antocha_quadrirhaphis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1971 - *[A. ramulifera](/source/Antocha_ramulifera)* Savchenko, 1983 - *[A. rectispina](/source/Antocha_rectispina)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1954 - *[A. retracta](/source/Antocha_retracta)* [Edwards](/source/Frederick_Wallace_Edwards), 1933 - *[A. satsuma](/source/Antocha_satsuma)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1919 - *[A. saxicola](/source/Antocha_saxicola)* [Osten Sacken](/source/Carl_Robert_Osten-Sacken), 1860 - *[A. scapularis](/source/Antocha_scapularis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1968 - *[A. scelesta](/source/Antocha_scelesta)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1936 - *[A. scutella](/source/Antocha_scutella)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1973 - *[A. scutifera](/source/Antocha_scutifera)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1973 - *[A. setigera](/source/Antocha_setigera)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1933 - *[A. shansiensis](/source/Antocha_shansiensis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1954 - *[A. sparsipunctata](/source/Antocha_sparsipunctata)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1936 - *[A. spiralis](/source/Antocha_spiralis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1932 - *[A. stenophallus](/source/Antocha_stenophallus)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1974 - *[A. streptocera](/source/Antocha_streptocera)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1949 - *[A. studiosa](/source/Antocha_studiosa)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1951 - *[A. styx](/source/Antocha_styx)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1930 - *[A. subconfluenta](/source/Antocha_subconfluenta)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1930 - *[A. taiwanensis](/source/Antocha_taiwanensis)* Podenas and Young, 2015 - *[A. thienemanni](/source/Antocha_thienemanni)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1931 - *[A. triangularis](/source/Antocha_triangularis)* ([Brunetti](/source/Enrico_Adelelmo_Brunetti), 1912) - *[A. tuberculata](/source/Antocha_tuberculata)* Torii, 1992 - *[A. turkestanica](/source/Antocha_turkestanica)* de Meijere, 1921 - *[A. unicollis](/source/Antocha_unicollis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1968 - *[A. unilineata](/source/Antocha_unilineata)* [Brunetti](/source/Enrico_Adelelmo_Brunetti), 1912 - *[A. vitripennis](/source/Antocha_vitripennis)* ([Meigen](/source/Johann_Wilhelm_Meigen), 1830) - *[A. yatungensis](/source/Antocha_yatungensis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1963 - *[A. yeongwola](/source/Antocha_yeongwola)* Podenas, 2016
- Subgenus *[Orimargula](/source/Orimargula)* [Mik](/source/Josef_Mik), 1883 - *[A. almorae](/source/Antocha_almorae)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1970 - *[A. alpigena](/source/Antocha_alpigena)* ([Mik](/source/Josef_Mik), 1883) - *[A. australiensis](/source/Antocha_australiensis)* ([Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1922) - *[A. brevicornis](/source/Antocha_brevicornis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1960 - *[A. brevifurca](/source/Antocha_brevifurca)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1970 - *[A. brevisector](/source/Antocha_brevisector)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1970 - *[A. brevivena](/source/Antocha_brevivena)* ([Edwards](/source/Frederick_Wallace_Edwards), 1928) - *[A. delibata](/source/Antocha_delibata)* Riedel, 1914 - *[A. flavella](/source/Antocha_flavella)* ([Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1926) - *[A. gracilicornis](/source/Antocha_gracilicornis)* ([Edwards](/source/Frederick_Wallace_Edwards), 1925) - *[A. gracilipes](/source/Antocha_gracilipes)* ([Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1927) - *[A. griseipennis](/source/Antocha_griseipennis)* ([Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1920) - *[A. hintoni](/source/Antocha_hintoni)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1967 - *[A. indumeni](/source/Antocha_indumeni)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1956 - *[A. intermedia](/source/Antocha_intermedia)* ([Edwards](/source/Frederick_Wallace_Edwards), 1928) - *[A. kraussi](/source/Antocha_kraussi)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1955 - *[A. longicornis](/source/Antocha_longicornis)* ([Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1921) - *[A. maculipleura](/source/Antocha_maculipleura)* [Edwards](/source/Frederick_Wallace_Edwards), 1933 - *[A. melina](/source/Antocha_melina)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1957 - *[A. mesocera](/source/Antocha_mesocera)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1931 - *[A. minuscula](/source/Antocha_minuscula)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1963 - *[A. multispina](/source/Antocha_multispina)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1956 - *[A. nigristyla](/source/Antocha_nigristyla)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1956 - *[A. papuensis](/source/Antocha_papuensis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1953 - *[A. pauliani](/source/Antocha_pauliani)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1953 - *[A. pedekiboana](/source/Antocha_pedekiboana)* Lindner, 1958 - *[A. philippina](/source/Antocha_philippina)* ([Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1917) - *[A. possessiva](/source/Antocha_possessiva)* Young, 1994 - *[A. praescutalis](/source/Antocha_praescutalis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1936 - *[A. prefurcata](/source/Antocha_prefurcata)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1950 - *[A. quadrispinosa](/source/Antocha_quadrispinosa)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1963 - *[A. salikensis](/source/Antocha_salikensis)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1958 - *[A. schmidi](/source/Antocha_schmidi)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1958 - *[A. setosa](/source/Antocha_setosa)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1960 - *[A. simplex](/source/Antocha_simplex)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1970 - *[A. sparsissima](/source/Antocha_sparsissima)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1974 - *[A. tana](/source/Antocha_tana)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1972 - *[A. tanycera](/source/Antocha_tanycera)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1963 - *[A. tasmanica](/source/Antocha_tasmanica)* ([Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1928) - *[A. transvaalia](/source/Antocha_transvaalia)* ([Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1921) - *[A. venosa](/source/Antocha_venosa)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1964
- Subgenus *[Proantocha](/source/Proantocha)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1919 - *[A. integra](/source/Antocha_integra)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1940 - *[A. latistilus](/source/Antocha_latistilus)* Torii, 1992 - *[A. sagana](/source/Antocha_sagana)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1932 - *[A. spinifer](/source/Antocha_spinifer)* [Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1919 - *[A. uyei](/source/Antocha_uyei)* ([Alexander](/source/Charles_Paul_Alexander), 1928)

## Ecology

Larvae of the aquatic genus ***Antocha*** are primarily detritivorous, feeding on organic particles within silken tubes constructed on submerged rocks in flowing water. Unlike related genera such as *[Geranomyia](/source/Geranomyia)*, *Antocha* larvae lack posterior spiracles and instead respire cutaneously, absorbing oxygen directly through their [rheophilic](/source/Rheophile) habitat.[1] The larvae of *[Antocha saxicola](/source/Antocha_saxicola)* are abundant in fast-flowing streams and rivers of eastern North America, typically inhabiting partially submerged rocks. Adult females often aggregate along the waterline to lay eggs on algae-covered surfaces. Species within this genus are particularly sensitive to changes in river flow, and climate change–driven alterations, such as increased frequency or intensity of floods, can reduce larval density and overall population productivity. For example, unusually strong floods in the [Shinano River](/source/Shinano_River) basin in Japan caused a substantial decline in crane fly secondary production, stressing the vulnerability of these insects to hydrological extremes.[2]

## References

1. Marshall, Stephen A. (2012). *Flies: The Natural History and Diversity of Diptera*. Firefly Books. p. 111. ISBN 978-1-77085-100-9.

1. Fukui, K.; Hirai, T.; Kudo, H. (2010). ["Effects of floods on the secondary production of aquatic insects in Japanese rivers"](https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjeez/30/1/30_9/_pdf). *Japanese Journal of Limnology*. **30** (1): 9–18.

- ["Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (Diptera, Tipuloidea: Pediciidae, Limoniidae, Cylindrotomidae, Tipulidae)"](https://ccw.naturalis.nl/). Naturalis Biodiversity Center.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Antocha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antocha) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antocha?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.