# Anser (bird)

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Genus of birds

"Grey goose" redirects here. For the vodka, see [Grey Goose (vodka)](/source/Grey_Goose_(vodka)). For other uses, see [Grey Goose (disambiguation)](/source/Grey_Goose_(disambiguation)).

Anser Temporal range: Miocene-Holocene Pair of greylag geese, Anser anser Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae Subfamily: Anserinae Tribe: Anserini Vigors 1825 Genus: Anser Brisson, 1760 Type species Anas anser[1] Linnaeus, 1758 Species Anser albifrons Anser anser Anser brachyrhynchus Anser caerulescens Anser canagicus Anser cygnoides Anser fabalis Anser erythropus Anser indicus Anser rossii Anser serrirostris and see text Synonyms Chen Boie, 1822 (but see text) Cygnopsis Brandt, 1836 Cycnopsis Agassiz, 1846 (emendation) Eulabeia Reichenbach, 1852 Philacte Bannister, 1870 Heterochen Short, 1970 (but see text)

***Anser*** is a [waterfowl](/source/Waterfowl) [genus](/source/Genus) that includes the **grey geese** and the **white geese**. It belongs to the true [goose](/source/Goose) and [swan](/source/Swan) [subfamily](/source/Subfamily) of [Anserinae](/source/Anserinae) under the family of [Anatidae](/source/Anatidae).[2] The genus has a [Holarctic](/source/Holarctic) distribution, with at least one species breeding in any open, wet habitats in the [subarctic](/source/Subarctic) and cool [temperate](/source/Temperate) regions of the Northern Hemisphere in summer. Some also breed farther south, reaching into warm temperate regions. They mostly [migrate](/source/Bird_migration) south in winter, typically to regions in the temperate zone between the January 0 °C (32 °F) and 5 °C (41 °F) [isotherms](/source/Isotherm_(contour_line)).

The genus contains 11 living species.[2]

## Description

The species of this genus span nearly the whole range of true goose shapes and sizes. The largest are the [bean](/source/Bean_goose), [greylag](/source/Greylag_goose) and [swan geese](/source/Swan_geese) at up to around 4 kg (9 lb) in weight (with [domestic forms](/source/Domestic_goose) far exceeding this), and the smallest are the [lesser white-fronted](/source/Lesser_white-fronted_goose) and [Ross's geese](/source/Ross's_geese), which range from about 1.3 to 2.3 kg (3–5 lb).[3]

All have legs and feet that are pink or orange, and bills that are pink, orange, black, or patterned in a combination of these colours. All have white under- and upper-tail [coverts](/source/Covert_(feather)), and some have some extent of white on their heads. The neck, body and wings are grey or white, with black or blackish primary—and also often secondary—[remiges](/source/Remiges) (pinions). The three species of "white geese" ([emperor](/source/Emperor_goose), [snow](/source/Snow_goose) and [Ross's](/source/Ross's_goose) geese) were formerly treated as a separate genus *Chen*, but are now generally included in *Anser*, as their exclusion would leave *Anser* [paraphyletic](/source/Paraphyly) with the [bar-headed goose](/source/Bar-headed_goose) *A. indicus* being [basal](/source/Basal_(phylogenetics)) in the genus.[4] The closely related "black" geese in the genus *[Branta](/source/Branta)* differ in having black legs, and generally darker body plumage.[3]

## Systematics, taxonomy and evolution

The [genus](/source/Genus) *Anser* was introduced by the French zoologist [Mathurin Jacques Brisson](/source/Mathurin_Jacques_Brisson) in 1760.[5] The name comes from the Latin word *anser* meaning "goose"[6] used as the [specific epithet](/source/Specific_epithet) for the [greylag goose](/source/Greylag_goose) (*Anas anser*) introduced by [Linnaeus](/source/Carl_Linnaeus) in 1758, that epithet was [repeated](/source/Tautonymy) to become its generic name as the [type species](/source/Type_species).[7][8]

### Phylogeny

The evolutionary relationships between *Anser* geese have been difficult to resolve because of their rapid [radiation](/source/Evolutionary_radiation) during the [Pleistocene](/source/Pleistocene) and frequent [hybridisation](/source/Hybrid_(biology)).[9][10] In 2016 Ottenburghs and colleagues published a study that established the phylogenetic relationships between the species by comparing [exonic](/source/Exonic) DNA sequences;[4] a further analysis by the same group in 2023 refined the relationships in the bean goose complex, with [pink-footed goose](/source/Pink-footed_goose) closest to [taiga bean goose](/source/Taiga_bean_goose), rather than [tundra bean goose](/source/Tundra_bean_goose) as had been thought before.[11]

Anser Bar-headed goose (Anser indicus) Emperor goose (Anser canagicus) Ross's goose (Anser rossii) Snow goose (Anser caerulescens) Greylag goose (Anser anser) Swan goose (Anser cygnoides) Tundra bean goose (Anser serrirostris) Pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus) Taiga bean goose (Anser fabalis) Greater white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) Lesser white-fronted goose (Anser erythropus)

### Species

The genus contains 11 species:[2]

Image Scientific name Common name Distribution Anser indicus Bar-headed goose Breeds in highlands of Central Asia; winters in South Asia, Myanmar and southern China; introduced in Europe Anser canagicus Emperor goose Near the Pacific coast in Alaska, Russian Far East and Canada Anser rossii Ross's goose Breeds in northern Canada and Alaska; winters in contiguous United States and northern Mexico Anser caerulescens Snow goose Breeds in northern Canada, Alaska and Greenland; winters in contiguous United States and northern Mexico Anser anser Greylag goose Europe, Asia and North Africa Anser cygnoides Swan goose Breeds in Mongolia, northernmost China and southeastern Russia; winters in southeastern China Anser fabalis Taiga bean goose Breeds in Russia, Finland, Norway and Sweden; winters in Europe, and Central and East Asia Anser brachyrhynchus Pink-footed goose Breeds in Iceland, Svalbard and Greenland; winters in northwestern Europe Anser serrirostris Tundra bean goose Breeds in northern Russia; winters in Europe, and Central and East Asia Anser albifrons Greater white-fronted goose Breeds in northern Canada, Alaska, Greenland and northern Russia; winters in contiguous United States, northern Mexico, Europe, East Asia, Iraq and near the Caspian Sea Anser erythropus Lesser white-fronted goose Breeds in northern Russia, Finland, Norway and Sweden; winters in East Asia, near the Caspian Sea, and in southeastern and northwestern Europe

Some authorities also treat some [subspecies](/source/Subspecies) as potential future species splits, notably the Greenland white-fronted goose *A. albifrons flavirostris*.[12] The three east Asian subspecies of the bean goose complex (currently treated as *A. fabalis johanseni, A. fabalis middendorfii*, and *A. serrirostris serrirostris*) also await genetic analysis to discern their affinities.[11]

### Fossil record

Numerous [fossil](/source/Fossil) species have been allocated to this genus. As the true geese are near-impossible to assign [osteologically](/source/Osteology) to genus, this must be viewed with caution. It can be assumed with limited certainty that European fossils from known inland sites belong into *Anser*. As species related to the [Canada goose](/source/Canada_goose) have been described from the Late [Miocene](/source/Miocene) onwards in [North America](/source/North_America) too, sometimes from the same localities as the presumed grey geese, it casts serious doubt on the correct generic assignment of the supposed North American fossil geese.[13][14][15] *Heterochen* = *Anser pratensis* seems to differ profoundly from other species of *Anser* and might be placed into a different genus; alternatively, it might have been a unique example of a grey goose adapted for perching in trees.[a][b]

- †*[Anser atavus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anser_atavus&action=edit&redlink=1)* Fraas 1870 (Middle/Late Miocene of Bavaria, Germany) – sometimes in *Cygnus*

- †*[Anser arenosus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anser_arenosus&action=edit&redlink=1)* Bickart 1990 (Late Miocene of Arizona, USA)

- †*[Anser arizonae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anser_arizonae&action=edit&redlink=1)* Bickart 1990 (Late Miocene of Arizona, USA)

- †*[Anser cygniformis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anser_cygniformis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Fraas 1870 (Late Miocene of Steinheim, Germany)

- †*[Anser oeningensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anser_oeningensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Meyer 1865) Milne-Edwards 1867b [*Anas oeningensis* Meyer 1865] (Late Miocene of Oehningen, Switzerland)

- †*[Anser thraciensis](/source/Anser_thraciensis)* Burchak-Abramovich & Nikolov 1984 (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Trojanovo, Bulgaria)

- †*[Anser pratensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anser_pratensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Short 1970) [*Heterochen pratensis* Short 1970] (Early Pliocene of Nebraska, USA)

- †*[Anser pressus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anser_pressus&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Brodkorb 1964) [*Chen pressa* Brodkorb 1964] (Dwarf Snow goose) (Late Pliocene of Idaho, USA)

- †*[Anser thompsoni](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anser_thompsoni&action=edit&redlink=1)* Martin & Mengel 1980 (Pliocene of Nebraska, USA)

- †*[Anser azerbaidzhanicus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anser_azerbaidzhanicus&action=edit&redlink=1)* Serebrovsky 1940 (Early? Pleistocene of Binagady, Azerbaijan)

- †*[Anser devjatkini](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anser_devjatkini&action=edit&redlink=1)* Kuročkin 1971 (Pliocene of Mongolia)

- †*[Anser eldaricus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anser_eldaricus&action=edit&redlink=1)* Burchak-Abramovich & Gadzyev 1978 (Miocene of [Georgia](/source/Georgia_(country)))

- †*[Anser tchikoicus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anser_tchikoicus&action=edit&redlink=1)* Kuročkin 1985 (Pliocene of central Asia)

- †*[Anser djuktaiensis](/source/Anser_djuktaiensis)* Zelenkov & Kurochkin 2014 (Late Pleistocene of Yakutia, Russia)

- †*Anser subanser* Janossy 1982 (Pleistocene of Europe)

The [Maltese](/source/Malta) swan *[Cygnus equitum](/source/Cygnus_equitum)* was occasionally placed into *Anser*, and *Anser condoni* is a synonym of *[Cygnus paloregonus](/source/Cygnus_paloregonus)*.[13] A goose fossil from the early-middle Pleistocene of [El Salvador](/source/El_Salvador) is highly similar to *Anser*;[16] given its age it is likely to belong to an extant genus, though [biogeography](/source/Biogeography) indicates *Branta* as another potential candidate.

*Anser scaldii* Beneden 1872 nomen nudum (Late Miocene of Antwerp, Belgium), based on a right humerus, was reassigned to the modern [Brent goose](/source/Brent_goose) and suggested to be reworked from later Pleistocene or [Holocene](/source/Holocene) deposits.[17]

## Relationship with humans and conservation status

Two species in the genus are of major commercial importance, having been domesticated as [poultry](/source/Poultry): European [domesticated geese](/source/Domesticated_goose) are derived from the [greylag goose](/source/Greylag_goose), and Chinese and some African domesticated geese are derived from the [swan goose](/source/Swan_goose).

Most species are hunted to a greater or lesser extent; in some areas, some populations are threatened by over-hunting and habitat loss. Although most species are not considered threatened by the [IUCN](/source/IUCN), the [lesser white-fronted goose](/source/Lesser_white-fronted_goose) and [swan goose](/source/Swan_goose) are listed as [Vulnerable](/source/Vulnerable_species) and the [emperor goose](/source/Emperor_goose) is [near-threatened](/source/Near-threatened).[18][19][20]

Other species have benefited from reductions in hunting since the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with most species in western Europe and North America showing marked increases in response to protection[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]. In some cases, this has led to conflicts with farming, when large flocks of geese graze crops in the winter.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

## See also

- [List of recently extinct birds](/source/List_of_recently_extinct_birds)

- [Late Quaternary prehistoric birds](/source/Late_Quaternary_prehistoric_birds)

- [List of fossil bird genera](/source/List_of_fossil_bird_genera)

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** Short (1970) considers this bird to be somewhat reminiscent of geese and swans, [shelducks](/source/Shelduck), and the *[Cairinini](/source/Cairinini)* or "perching ducks".

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** The *[Cairinini](/source/Cairinini)* or "perching ducks" are now known to be a [paraphyletic](/source/Paraphyletic) assemblage of miscellaneous waterfowl whose [morphological](/source/Morphology_(biology)) similarities are the product of [convergent evolution](/source/Convergent_evolution) towards being able to perch in trees (Livezey 1986).

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-HM4_1-0)** ["Anatidae"](https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=14). *aviansystematics.org*. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-08-05.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IOU_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IOU_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IOU_2-2) [Gill, Frank](/source/Frank_Gill_(ornithologist)); Donsker, David; [Rasmussen, Pamela](/source/Pamela_Rasmussen), eds. (2019). ["Screamers, ducks, geese, swans"](https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/waterfowl/). *World Bird List Version 9.1*. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 2 April 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-hbw_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-hbw_3-1) Carboneras, Carles (1992). ["Family Anatidae (Ducks, Geese and Swans)"](https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0001unse/page/536/mode/1up). In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.). *Handbook of the Birds of the World*. Vol. 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 536–628. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [84-87334-10-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-87334-10-5).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Ottenburghs16_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Ottenburghs16_4-1) Ottenburghs, J.; Megens, H.-J.; Kraus, R.H.S.; Madsen, O.; van Hooft, P.; van Wieren, S.E.; Crooijmans, R.P.M.A.; Ydenberg, R.C.; Groenen, M.A.M.; Prins, H.H.T. (2016). ["A tree of geese: A phylogenomic perspective on the evolutionary history of True Geese"](https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/bitstreams/eb93221e-2017-4fe2-9dda-f072a1e9ab14/download). *Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution*. **101**: 303–313. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2016MolPE.101..303O](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MolPE.101..303O). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.ympev.2016.05.021](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2016.05.021). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [27233434](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27233434).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Brisson_5-0)** [Brisson, Mathurin Jacques](/source/Mathurin_Jacques_Brisson) (1760). *Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés* (in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. [Vol. 1, p. 58](https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36010458), [Vol. 6, p. 261](https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36211167).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-job90_6-0)** Jobling, James A (2010). [*The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names*](https://archive.org/details/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling). London: Christopher Helm. p. 48. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4081-2501-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-2501-4).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** [Mayr, Ernst](/source/Ernst_Mayr); Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). [*Check-list of Birds of the World*](https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16109074). Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 424.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** [Linnaeus, Carl](/source/Carl_Linnaeus) (1758). [*Systema Naturæ per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Volume 1*](https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/727028) (in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii. p. 123.{{[cite book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book)}}: CS1 maint: publisher location ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_publisher_location))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Ottenburghs, Jente; van Hooft, Pim; van Wieren, Sipke E.; Ydenberg, Ronald C.; Prins, Herbert H. T. (2016). ["Hybridization in geese: a review"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4866292). *Frontiers in Zoology*. **13** (1): 20. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1186/s12983-016-0153-1](https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12983-016-0153-1). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [4866292](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4866292). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [27182276](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27182276).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Ottenburghs, Jente; Megens, Hendrik-Jan; Kraus, Robert H. S.; van Hooft, Pim; van Wieren, Sipke E.; Crooijmans, Richard P. M. A.; Ydenberg, Ronald C.; Groenen, Martien A. M.; Prins, Herbert H. T. (2017). ["A history of hybrids? Genomic patterns of introgression in the True Geese"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5568201). *BMC Evolutionary Biology*. **17** (201): 1–14. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2017BMCEE..17..201O](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017BMCEE..17..201O). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1186/s12862-017-1048-2](https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12862-017-1048-2). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [5568201](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5568201). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [28830337](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28830337).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Ottenburghs23_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Ottenburghs23_11-1) Ottenburghs, Jente; Honka, Johanna; Heikkinen, Marja E.; Madsen, Jesper; Müskens, Gerhard J. D. M.; Ellegren, Hans (2023-01-19). ["Highly differentiated loci resolve phylogenetic relationships in the Bean Goose complex"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9854053). *BMC Ecology and Evolution*. **23** (1): 2. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1186/s12862-023-02103-3](https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12862-023-02103-3). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [2730-7182](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2730-7182). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [9854053](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9854053). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [36658479](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36658479).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Fox_12-0)** Fox, A.D.; Stroud, D.A. (2002). "Greenland White-fronted Goose". *Birds of the Western Palearctic Update*. **4** (2): 65–88.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Brodkorb_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Brodkorb_13-1) Brodkorb, Pierce (1964). ["Catalogue of Fossil Birds: Part 2 (Anseriformes through Galliformes)"](http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00001511/). *Bulletin of the Florida State Museum*. **8** (3): 195–335.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Short_14-0)** Short, Lester L. (1970). ["A new anseriform genus and species from the Nebraska Pliocene"](http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v087n03/p0537-p0543.pdf) (PDF). *[Auk](/source/Auk_(journal))*. **87** (3): 537–543. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/4083796](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4083796). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [4083796](https://www.jstor.org/stable/4083796).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Livezey_15-0)** Livezey, Bradley C. (1986). ["A phylogenetic analysis of recent anseriform genera using morphological characters"](http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v103n04/p0737-p0754.pdf) (PDF). *[Auk](/source/Auk_(journal))*. **103** (4): 737–754. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/auk/103.4.737](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fauk%2F103.4.737).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Cisneros_18-0)** A left [humerus](/source/Humerus) (specimen [MUHNES](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Museo_de_Historia_Natural_de_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1) 2SSAP30-853) and a left [clavicle](/source/Clavicle) (specimen MUHNES 2SSAP30-545), apparently of a single bird: Cisneros, Juan Carlos (2005). ["New Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from El Salvador"](https://doi.org/10.4072%2Frbp.2005.3.09). *Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia*. **8** (3): 239–255. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2005RvBrP...8..239C](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005RvBrP...8..239C). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.4072/rbp.2005.3.09](https://doi.org/10.4072%2Frbp.2005.3.09).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** Worthy, Trevor H.; Olson, Storrs L.; Smith, Thierry (2008). ["A reassessment of the fossil goose *Anser scaldii* Lambrecht 1933 (Aves: Anatidae)"](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/151201). *Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club*. **128** (4): 228–232.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-IUCN_Acygnoid_20-0)** BirdLife International (2016). ["*Anser cygnoid*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679869/92832782). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T22679869A92832782. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679869A92832782.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679869A92832782.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-IUCN_Aerythropus_21-0)** BirdLife International (2018). ["*Anser erythropus*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679886/132300164). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2018** e.T22679886A132300164. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22679886A132300164.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22679886A132300164.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-IUCN_Acanagicus_22-0)** BirdLife International (2016). ["*Anser canagicus*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679919/92834737). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T22679919A92834737. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679919A92834737.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679919A92834737.en).

v t e Genera of waterfowl and their extinct allies Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Clade: Neognathae Superorder: Galloanserae Avemetatarsalia see Avemetatarsalia Theropoda see Theropoda Maniraptora see Maniraptora Anserimorphae see below↓ Anserimorphae Anserimorphae †Conflicto †Gastornis? †Dromornithidae? †Pelagornithidae? †Vegaviidae? †Presbyornithidae Bumbalavis Headonornis? Murgonornis Presbyornis Proherodius Telmabates Teviornis Wilaru †Anachronornithidae Anachronornis Danielsavis? Anseriformes sensu stricto †Agnopterus? †Eonessa †"Headonornis"? †Naranbulagornis †Paakniwatavis †Palaeopapia †Peioa †Petropluvialis? †Proherodius? †Wunketru Anhimae †Chaunoides Anhimidae Anhima †Chainkanas Chauna Anseres Anseranatoidea †Anatalavis? Anseranatidae Anseranas †Anserpica †Eoanseranas Anatoidea †Paranyrocidae Paranyroca Anatidae See below ↓ Anatidae Anatidae †Aldabranas? †Allgoviachen †Ankonetta? †Awengkere †Bambolinetta? †Caerulonettion †Cayaoa? †Chelychelynechen? †Cousteauvia †Eonerornis? †Eutelornis? †Garganornis? †Helonetta? †Heteroanser? †Lavanttalornis †Loxornis? †Mioquerquedula? †Nogusunna? †Notochen †Proanser? †Protomelanitta? †Ptaiochen? †Selenonetta †Sharganetta? †Sinanas? †Tagayanetta †Talpanas? †Teleornis? †Thambetochen? †Wasonaka? †Romainvillinae Paracygnopterus Romainvillia Saintandrea Dendrocygninae Dendrocygna Thalassornis †Dendrocheninae Dendrochen Manuherikia Mionetta Stictonettinae Stictonetta Anserinae †Afrocygnus †Annakacygna Anser †Anserobranta †Asiavis †Bonibernicla Branta Cereopsis †"Chenopis" †Cnemiornis Coscoroba †Cygnavus Cygnus †Cygnopterus †Eremochen †Megalodytes †Paracygnus †Presbychen Tadorninae Alopochen †Australotadorna †Brantadorna Cairina †Centrornis Chloephaga Cyanochen Hymenolaimus †Kaikenia Merganetta †Miotadorna †Nannonetta Neochen Plectropterus †Pleistoanser Radjah Sarkidiornis Tachyeres Tadorna †Tamtamia Anatinae Aix Amazonetta †Anabernicula Asarcornis Biziura Callonetta †Chenoanas? Chenonetta †Dunstanetta †Eoneornis? †Lavadytis Lophonetta Malacorhynchus Marmaronetta Netta Nettapus †Pinpanetta Pteronetta †?Rhodonessa Salvadorina Speculanas Oxyurini Heteronetta Nomonyx Oxyura †Tirarinetta Mergini Bucephala †Camptorhynchus †Chendytes Clangula Histrionicus Lophodytes Melanitta Mergellus Mergus Polysticta †Shiriyanetta Somateria Anatini Anas Mareca †Matanas Sibirionetta Spatula Aythyini Aythya

Taxon identifiers Anser Wikidata: Q183361 Wikispecies: Anser ADW: Anser BOLD: 3191 CoL: X5D EoL: 45510524 EPPO: 1ANSEG Fauna Europaea: 96473 Fauna Europaea (new): 7e23d2f3-927b-477d-b598-0620488fb6c8 GBIF: 2498016 iNaturalist: 7006 IRMNG: 1008151 ITIS: 175019 NBN: NBNSYS0000188665 NCBI: 8842 NZOR: 76eda292-85dd-4820-9057-8faa7a897f1b Open Tree of Life: 190884 Paleobiology Database: 83424 WoRMS: 159158

Authority control databases National Czech Republic Latvia Other Yale LUX

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Anser (bird)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anser_(bird)) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anser_(bird)?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.