# Anomphalidae

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{{Short description|Extinct family of gastropods}}
{{automatic Taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Silurian|Middle Permian}}
| image = 
| image_caption = 
| taxon= Anomphalidae
| authority = [Wenz](/source/Wilhelm_August_Wenz), 1938<ref>{{in lang|de}} [Wenz W. A.](/source/Wilhelm_August_Wenz) (October) 1938. Handbuch der Paläozoologie, 6(1). Page 249.</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = See text
| synonyms =
}}

The '''Anomphalidae''' is an extinct [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) of fossil [sea snail](/source/sea_snail)s, [marine](/source/marine_(ocean)) [gastropod](/source/gastropod) [mollusk](/source/mollusc)s. These are [archaeogastropods](/source/Archaeogastropoda) which are included in the suborder [Trochina](/source/Trochina). The Anomphalidae lived during the [Paleozoic](/source/Paleozoic), from the Silurian to the Middle Permian. According to some authorities these snails belong instead to the [Euomphalacea](/source/Euomphaloidea).

==Morphologic diagnosis ==
Shells of the Anomphalidae are rounded, almost discoidal, low-spired trochospiral inform, possibly with a globular [body whorl](/source/body_whorl). The [aperture](/source/Aperture_(mollusc)) is oval, without exhalent slit or crease. The [umbilicus](/source/Umbilicus_(mollusc)) is narrow, open or closed. The inner shell layer is seemingly [nacre](/source/nacre)ous.  The shell surface is generally smooth, ornamentation consisting of fine transverse lyrae or growth lines parallel to the aperture [lip](/source/Lip_(gastropod)).<ref name = Treatise>J. Brooks Knight et al 1960. Systematic Descriptions (Gastropoda), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part I, Mollusca 1, R.C. Moore (ed).</ref>

The Anomphalidae differ from the Euomphalcea to which they have been reassigned <ref name = Paleodb>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=57128 Anomphalidea in Paleobio database]</ref> in being more trochoidal, in lacking the angulation on the upper whorl surface characteristic of Euomphalacea, and in having the inner shell layer seemingly nacreous. (The inner shell layers of the Euomphalacea may be of laminar aragonite, but are never nacreous.)  The Anomphalidea differ from the [Pleurotomariacea](/source/Pleurotomariacea) in lacking the often deep slit or [selenizone](/source/selenizone), which is characteristic of that taxon.<ref name =Treatise/>

== Taxonomy == 
J Brooks Knight, ''et al'', in the Treatise, 1960,<ref name =Treatise/> assigned 10 genera to the Annomphalidae. They are <br/>
:''[Anomphalus](/source/Anomphalus)'' Meek and Worthen 1866, the type genus
:''[Cycloscena](/source/Cycloscena)'' Fletcher 1958
:''[Eiselia](/source/Eiselia)'' Dietz 1911
:''[Isonema](/source/Isonema_(gastropod))'' Meek and Worthen 1866
:''[Pycnomphalus](/source/Pycnomphalus)'' Lindström 1884
:''[Turbocheilus](/source/Turbocheilus)'' Perner 1907
:''[Sosiolytes](/source/Sosiolytes)'' Gemmellaro 1889
:''[Straparella](/source/Straparella)'' Fischer 1885
:''[Turbinilopsis](/source/Turbinilopsis)'' de Koninck 1881
:''[Tychonia](/source/Tychonia)'' de Koninck 1881

At present the Anompalideae <ref name=Paleodb/>  has been expanded to include 17 genera in two subfamilies established by Peel, 1984.

Added to ''Anomphalus'', ''Cycloscena'', ''Eiselia'', and ''Isonema'' in the Anomphalinae are: <br/>
''Antirotiela'' Cossmann 1918, given in the Treatise as a synonym for ''Anomphalus'' <br/>
:''[Frydacosta](/source/Frydacosta)'' Cook and Nützel 2005
:''[Delphinuella](/source/Delphinuella)'' Heidelberger 2001
:''[Givediscus](/source/Givediscus)'' Heidelberger 2001
:''[Littorella](/source/Littorella_(gastropod))'' Heidelberger 2001
:''[Nodinella](/source/Nodinella)'' Heidelberger 2001
 
Contained within the Pycnomphalinae in addition to  ''Pycnomphalus'', ''Turbocheilus'', ''Sosiolites'', ''Strapariella'', and ''Tychonia'':<br/>
:''[Pycnotrochus](/source/Pycnotrochus)'' Perner 1903
:''[Turbinilopsis](/source/Turbinilopsis)'' de Koninck 1881

''Pycnotrochus'', from the Upper Silurian of Europe, was removed from the [Sinuopeidae](/source/Sinuopeidae) (Pleurotomariacea); the lip has a sinus more characteristic of the original family. ''Turbinopsis'', from the Lower Devonian of North America, was removed from the [Palaeotrochidae](/source/Palaeotrochidae) (Palaeotrochacea); has a spiral chord not found on typical Anomphalidae and an aperture with a thicker, wider lip, also atypical.

[Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005](/source/Taxonomy_of_the_Gastropoda_(Bouchet_%26_Rocroi%2C_2005)) simply included the Anomphalidae in ["basal taxa that are certainly Gastropoda"](/source/Taxonomy_of_the_Gastropoda_(Bouchet_%26_Rocroi%2C_2005)).

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q4769996}}

Category:Prehistoric gastropods
Category:Prehistoric mollusc families
Category:Paleozoic molluscs
Category:Silurian first appearances
Category:Guadalupian extinctions
Category:Trochoidea (superfamily)
Category:Gastropod families

{{paleo-gastropod-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Anomphalidae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomphalidae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomphalidae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.