# Anne Horton

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Duchess of Cumberland and Strathearn (1743–1808)

For the British physicist and academic, see [Ann Horton](/source/Ann_Horton). For the courtesan known as Mrs Horton, see [Anne Parsons](/source/Anne_Parsons).

Anne Horton Duchess of Cumberland and Strathearn Portrait by Thomas Gainsborough, 1773–77 Born Anne Luttrell (1743-01-24)24 January 1743 Marylebone, London, Kingdom of Great Britain Died 28 December 1808(1808-12-28) (aged 65) Trieste, Austrian Empire Spouse Christopher Horton ​ ​ (m. 1765; died 1768)​ Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn ​ ​ (m. 1771; died 1790)​ Father Simon Luttrell, 1st Earl of Carhampton Mother Judith Maria Lawes

**Anne, Duchess of Cumberland and Strathearn** ([née](/source/N%C3%A9e) **Luttrell**, later **Horton**; 24 January 1743 – 28 December 1808) was a member of the [British royal family](/source/British_royal_family), the wife of [Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn](/source/Prince_Henry%2C_Duke_of_Cumberland_and_Strathearn), brother of King George III. Her sister was Lady Elizabeth Luttrell who was her companion and managed her home.

## Early life

Anne was born on 24 January 1743 in [Marylebone](/source/Marylebone), [London](/source/London),[1] and baptised on 17 February 1742 at St Marylebone, Westminster.[2] She was the daughter of [Simon Luttrell](/source/Simon_Luttrell%2C_1st_Earl_of_Carhampton), later first [Earl of Carhampton](/source/Earl_of_Carhampton), and his wife, Judith Maria Lawes, daughter of [Sir](/source/Sir) [Nicholas Lawes](/source/Nicholas_Lawes), [Governor of Jamaica](/source/Governor_of_Jamaica). Her younger sister and close companion, Elizabeth, was born on 3 February 1744 in London.[1]

Her father was a Member of the [House of Commons](/source/British_House_of_Commons) before being created [Baron Irnham](/source/Baron_Irnham) in 1768, [Viscount Carhampton](/source/Viscount_Carhampton) in 1781 and [Earl of Carhampton](/source/Earl_of_Carhampton) in 1785.

## Marriages

Anne was first married to a [Derbyshire](/source/Derbyshire) gentleman, Christopher Horton (sometimes spelt Houghton) of [Catton Hall](/source/Catton_Hall), on 4 August 1765.[3]

She was later widowed and married [Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn](/source/Prince_Henry%2C_Duke_of_Cumberland_and_Strathearn), the sixth child of [Frederick, Prince of Wales](/source/Frederick%2C_Prince_of_Wales), and [Augusta of Saxe-Gotha](/source/Augusta_of_Saxe-Gotha), and a younger brother of [George III](/source/George_III_of_the_United_Kingdom). Their marriage took place at [Hertford Street](/source/Hertford_Street) in [Mayfair](/source/Mayfair), London on 2 October 1771.

Thomas Gainsborough's painting of Henry, Duke of Cumberland, with the Duchess of Cumberland and Lady Elizabeth Luttrell in attendance

George III did not approve of the marriage as Anne was a commoner and previously married. He later had the [Royal Marriages Act 1772](/source/Royal_Marriages_Act_1772) passed to prevent any descendant of [George II](/source/George_II_of_Great_Britain) marrying without the consent of the sovereign, a law which remained in effect until the passage of the [Succession to the Crown Act 2013](/source/Succession_to_the_Crown_Act_2013), which, in addition to several other modifications, limited the requirement to obtain royal consent to only the first six persons in line to the throne (rather than all descendants). As the Act's provisions could not be applied retroactively, Anne and the Duke's marriage was considered valid.

The Cumberlands moved to York House, renamed [Cumberland House](/source/Cumberland_House), on [Pall Mall](/source/Pall_Mall%2C_London) and lived there until the Duke's death in 1790. The house became an alternative court as the Duke was in open dispute with his mother and brother. The court was successful and Anne's sister Elizabeth Luttrell took a good share of the credit. She had been a witness at her sister's secret wedding and the couple had given her her own wing of Cumberland House. The Duke's finances were maintained by gambling tables at their home and Elizabeth managed them successfully.[1]

In 1800, the widowed Duchess surrendered it to the banks who held mortgages on it.[4]

## Character and appearance

Portrait by [Marie Anne Bourlier](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Anne_Bourlier&action=edit&redlink=1), c. 1800–12

[Horace Walpole](/source/Horace_Walpole) wrote "her coquetry was so active, so varied and yet so habitual, that it was difficult not to see through it and yet as difficult to resist it".[5] While she was considered a great beauty, Walpole thought her merely "pretty", except for her green eyes, which he admitted were enchanting. That her eyes were remarkably expressive is confirmed by the several portraits of Anne by [Thomas Gainsborough](/source/Thomas_Gainsborough), one of which is in the [Hugh Lane](/source/Hugh_Lane) collection.

## Citations

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-anneandliz_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-anneandliz_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-anneandliz_1-2) Kilburn, Matthew (23 September 2004). ["Henry Frederick, Prince, duke of Cumberland and Strathearn (1745–1790)"](http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-12963). *[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography](/source/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography)* (online ed.). Oxford University Press. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/ref:odnb/12963](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F12963). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-19-861412-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861412-8). Retrieved 24 December 2022. (Subscription, [Wikipedia Library](https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/88/) access or [UK public library membership](https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public) required.)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-London_Metropolitan_Archives_2-0)** [London Metropolitan Archives via Ancestry.com](https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/287025:1624)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** *[The Gentleman's Magazine](/source/The_Gentleman's_Magazine)*, vol. 35, August 1765. [p. 395](https://books.google.com/books?id=-nLPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA395).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-sheppard_4-0)** Sheppard, F H W. ["Pall Mall, South Side, Past Buildings: Nos 85-87 (consec.) Pall Mall, Cumberland House Pages 364-367 Survey of London: Volumes 29 and 30, St James Westminster, Part 1. Originally published by London County Council, London, 1960"](https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vols29-30/pt1/pp364-367). *British History Online*. Retrieved 13 July 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Horace Walpole, ed. Sir [Denis Le Marchant](/source/Denis_Le_Marchant), *Memoirs of the Reign of King George the Third*, vol. iv (London, 1845) [p. 357](https://archive.org/stream/memoirsreignkingg04walp#page/357/mode/1up).

## External links

- [Portraits of Anne Horton](https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp50353) at the [National Portrait Gallery, London](/source/National_Portrait_Gallery%2C_London)

v t e British princesses by marriage The generations include wives of princes descended from George I, who formalised the use of the titles prince and princess for members of the British royal family. 1st generation Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach 2nd generation Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 3rd generation Maria Walpole Anne Luttrell 4th generation Duchess Caroline of Brunswick Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld Duchess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel The Princess Mary* 5th generation Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg 6th generation Princess Alexandra of Denmark Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia Princess Helen of Waldeck and Pyrmont Princess Thyra of Denmark 7th generation Princess Victoria Mary of Teck Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife* Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia 8th generation Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark 9th generation Birgitte van Deurs Henriksen Katharine Worsley Baroness Marie-Christine von Reibnitz 10th generation Lady Diana Spencer Camilla Shand Sarah Ferguson Sophie Rhys-Jones 11th generation Catherine Middleton Meghan Markle *also a British princess in her own right Princesses whose titles were removed due to loss of husband's eligibility or divorce are shown in italics.

v t e Duchesses of Cumberland Duchess of Cumberland Anne Stuart (1689–1702) Duchess of Cumberland & Strathearn Anne Horton (1771–1790) Duchess of Cumberland & Teviotdale Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1815–1841) Marie of Saxe-Altenburg (1851–1878) Princess Thyra of Denmark (1878–1919)

Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF GND WorldCat National United States Other IdRef

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Anne Horton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Horton) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Horton?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.