# Angle of list

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The **angle of list** is the degree to which a [vessel](/source/Watercraft) heels (leans or tilts) to either [port](/source/Port_and_starboard) or [starboard](/source/Starboard) at equilibrium—with no external forces acting upon it.[1] If a listing ship goes beyond the point where a [righting moment](/source/Metacentric_height) will keep it afloat, it will [capsize](/source/Capsize) and potentially sink.[2]

Listing is caused by the off-centerline distribution of weight aboard due to uneven loading or to flooding.[3] By contrast, [*roll*](/source/Roll_(ship)) is the dynamic movement from side to side caused by [waves](/source/Wind_wave).

## See also

- [Angle of loll](/source/Angle_of_loll)
- [Heeling (sailing)](/source/Heeling_moment)
- [Capsizing](/source/Capsizing)
- [Metacentric height](/source/Metacentric_height)
- [Ship stability](/source/Ship_stability)
- [Ship motions](/source/Ship_motions)
- [Draft (hull)](/source/Draft_(hull))

## References

1. Kemp, Peter (1976). [*The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea*](https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00kemp/page/488). Oxford University Press. p. [488](https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00kemp/page/488). ISBN 0192115537.

1. Barrass, Bryan & Derrett, D. R. (2011-02-23). [*Ship Stability for Masters and Mates*](https://books.google.com/books?id=4E4FZ988AtYC&dq=ship+roll+stability&pg=PA366). Elsevier. p. 366. ISBN 978-0-08-046008-6.

1. Naval Training Publications Detachment (1972). [*Hull Maintenance Tech 3 & 2*](https://books.google.com/books?id=3Grv3IHKJu0C&dq=heeling+vs+listing&pg=PA522). Washington, DC: United States Naval Training Publications. p. 522.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Angle of list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_list) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_list?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.