# Ambleminae

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Subfamily of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae

Ambleminae Temporal range: Late Cretaceous–recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Bottom diagonal row, left to right: Epioblasma brevidens, Epioblasma capsaeformis Middle row: Fusconaia cor, Lemiox rimosus, Quadrula intermedia Top row: Quadrula cylindrica Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Bivalvia Order: Unionida Family: Unionidae Subfamily: Ambleminae Rafinesque, 1820 Genera See text

**Ambleminae** is a [subfamily](/source/Subfamily) of [freshwater mussel](/source/Freshwater_bivalve) in the family [Unionidae](/source/Unionidae). They are found throughout much of eastern [North America](/source/North_America) south to [Central America](/source/Central_America), although fossils are also known from [Siberia](/source/Siberia). Some species have also been introduced to [East Asia](/source/East_Asia). They are the most speciose radiation of the Unionidae, with more than 300 species.[1][2]

Fossils of this group date back to the [Late Cretaceous](/source/Late_Cretaceous).[3]

## Systematics

The following classification is based on MolluscaBase and the MUSSEL Project database:[1][3]

- **Tribe Amblemini** Rafinesque, 1820 - Genus *[Amblema](/source/Amblema)* Rafinesque, 1820 - Genus *[Plectomerus](/source/Plectomerus)* Conrad, 1853 - Genus *[Reginaia](/source/Reginaia)* D. C. Campbell & Lydeard, 2012

- **Tribe Lampsilini** Ihering, 1901 - Genus *[Actinonaias](/source/Actinonaias)* Crosse & P. Fischer, 1894 - Genus *[Arotonaias](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arotonaias&action=edit&redlink=1)* E. von Martens, 1900 - Genus *[Atlanticoncha](/source/Atlanticoncha)* C. H. Smith, J. M. Pfeiffer & N. A. Johnson, 2020 - Genus *[Cambarunio](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cambarunio&action=edit&redlink=1)* Watters, 2018 - Genus *[Cyprogenia](/source/Cyprogenia)* Agassiz, 1852 - Genus *[Cyrtonaias](/source/Cyrtonaias)* Crosse & P. Fischer, 1894 - Genus *[Delphinonaias](/source/Delphinonaias)* Crosse & P. Fischer, 1894 - Genus *[Disconaias](/source/Disconaias)* Crosse & P. Fischer, 1894 - Genus *[Dromus](/source/Dromus_(mollusc))* C. T. Simpson, 1900 - Genus *[Ellipsaria](/source/Ellipsaria)* Rafinesque, 1820 - Genus *[Epioblasma](/source/Epioblasma)* Rafinesque, 1831 - Genus *[Friersonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friersonia&action=edit&redlink=1)* Ortmann, 1912 - Genus *[Glebula](/source/Glebula)* Conrad, 1853 - Genus *[Hamiota](/source/Hamiota_(bivalve))* Roe & Hartfield, 2005 - Genus *[Lampsilis](/source/Lampsilis)* Rafinesque, 1820 - Genus *[Leaunio](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leaunio&action=edit&redlink=1)* Watters, 2018 - Genus *[Lemiox](/source/Lemiox)* Rafinesque, 1831 - Genus †*[Lenelliptio](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lenelliptio&action=edit&redlink=1)* C. M. Kolesnikov, 1980 ([Late Cretaceous](/source/Late_Cretaceous) of [Siberia](/source/Siberia))[4] - Genus *[Ligumia](/source/Ligumia)* Swainson, 1840 - Genus *[Medionidus](/source/Medionidus)* C. T. Simpson, 1900 - Genus *[Obliquaria](/source/Obliquaria)* Rafinesque, 1820 - Genus *[Obovaria](/source/Obovaria)* Rafinesque, 1819 - Genus *[Ortmanniana](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ortmanniana&action=edit&redlink=1)* Frierson, 1927 - Genus *[Pachynaias](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pachynaias&action=edit&redlink=1)* Crosse & P. Fischer, 1894 - Genus *[Paetulunio](/source/Paetulunio)* Watters, 2018 - Genus *[Potamilus](/source/Potamilus)* Rafinesque, 1818 - Genus *[Ptychobranchus](/source/Ptychobranchus)* C. T. Simpson, 1900 - Genus *[Sagittunio](/source/Sagittunio)* Watters, 2018 - Genus *[Toxolasma](/source/Toxolasma)* Rafinesque, 1831 - Genus *[Truncilla](/source/Truncilla)* Rafinesque, 1819 - Genus *[Venustaconcha](/source/Venustaconcha)* Frierson, 1927 - Genus *[Villosa](/source/Villosa)* Frierson, 1927

- **Tribe Pleurobemini** Hannibal, 1912 - Genus *[Elliptio](/source/Elliptio)* Rafinesque, 1819 - Genus *[Elliptoideus](/source/Elliptoideus)* Frierson, 1927 - Genus *[Eurynia](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurynia&action=edit&redlink=1)* Rafinesque, 1819 - Genus *[Fusconaia](/source/Fusconaia)* C. T. Simpson, 1900 - Genus *[Hemistena](/source/Hemistena)* Rafinesque, 1820 - Genus *[Parvaspina](/source/Parvaspina)* Perkins, N. A. Johnson & Gangloff, 2017 - Genus *[Plethobasus](/source/Plethobasus)* C. T. Simpson, 1900 - Genus *[Pleurobema](/source/Pleurobema)* Rafinesque, 1819 - Genus *[Pleuronaia](/source/Pleuronaia)* Frierson, 1927

- **Tribe Popenaiadini** Heard & Guckert, 1970 - Genus *[Barynaias](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barynaias&action=edit&redlink=1)* Crosse & P. Fischer, 1894 - Genus *[Martensnaias](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martensnaias&action=edit&redlink=1)* Frierson, 1927 - Genus *[Micronaias](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micronaias&action=edit&redlink=1)* C. T. Simpson, 1900 - Genus *[Nephritica](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nephritica&action=edit&redlink=1)* Frierson, 1927 - Genus *[Nephronaias](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nephronaias&action=edit&redlink=1)* Crosse & P. Fischer, 1894 - Genus *[Popenaias](/source/Popenaias)* Frierson, 1927 - Genus *[Psoronaias](/source/Psoronaias)* Crosse & P. Fischer, 1894 - Genus *[Psorula](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Psorula_(bivalve)&action=edit&redlink=1)* F. Haas, 1930 - Genus *[Reticulatus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reticulatus&action=edit&redlink=1)* Frierson, 1927 - Genus *[Sphenonaias](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sphenonaias&action=edit&redlink=1)* Crosse & P. Fischer, 1894

- **Tribe Quadrulini** Ihering, 1901 - Genus *[Cyclonaias](/source/Cyclonaias)* Pilsbry, 1922 - Genus †*[Eonaias](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eonaias&action=edit&redlink=1)* W. B. Marshall, 1929 ([Pliocene](/source/Pliocene) of [Texas](/source/Texas))[5] - Genus *[Megalonaias](/source/Megalonaias)* Utterback, 1915 - Genus †*[Proparreysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proparreysia&action=edit&redlink=1)* Pilsbry, 1921 (Late Cretaceous of [Colorado](/source/Colorado))[6] - Genus †*[Protamblema](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protamblema&action=edit&redlink=1)* Modell, 1957 (Late Cretaceous of [Wyoming](/source/Wyoming))[7][8] - Genus *[Quadrula](/source/Quadrula)* Rafinesque, 1820 - Genus *[Theliderma](/source/Theliderma)* Swainson, 1840 - Genus *[Tritogonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tritogonia&action=edit&redlink=1)* Agassiz, 1852 - Genus *[Uniomerus](/source/Uniomerus)* Conrad, 1853

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_1-1) ["MUSSELpdb | subfamily Ambleminae"](https://mussel-project.uwsp.edu/fmuotwaolcb/Ambleminae.html). *mussel-project.uwsp.edu*. Retrieved 2022-11-03.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Pfeiffer, John M.; Atkinson, Carla L.; Sharpe, Ashley E.; Capps, Krista A.; Emery, Kitty F.; Page, Lawrence M. (January 2019). ["Phylogeny of Mesoamerican freshwater mussels and a revised tribe-level classification of the Ambleminae"](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fzsc.12322). *Zoologica Scripta*. **48** (1): 106–117. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/zsc.12322](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fzsc.12322). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0300-3256](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0300-3256). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [91994864](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:91994864).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_3-1) ["Molluscabase - Ambleminae Rafinesque, 1820"](https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=856823). *www.molluscabase.org*. Retrieved 2022-11-03.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Molluscabase - Lenelliptio C. M. Kolesnikov, 1980†"](https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1496690). *www.molluscabase.org*. Retrieved 2022-11-04.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["MUSSELpdb | valid gen. Eonaias species"](https://mussel-project.uwsp.edu/fmuotwaolcb/validgen_861.html). *mussel-project.uwsp.edu*. Retrieved 2022-11-04.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["MUSSELpdb | valid gen. Proparreysia species"](https://mussel-project.uwsp.edu/fmuotwaolcb/validgen_867.html). *mussel-project.uwsp.edu*. Retrieved 2022-11-04.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["MUSSELpdb | valid gen. Protamblema species"](https://mussel-project.uwsp.edu/fmuotwaolcb/validgen_863.html). *mussel-project.uwsp.edu*. Retrieved 2022-11-04.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Herausgeber, Bauer, Gerhard (6 December 2012). [*Ecology and Evolution of the Freshwater Mussels Unionoida*](http://worldcat.org/oclc/1184364647). Springer. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-3-642-56869-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-56869-5). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [1184364647](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1184364647).{{[cite book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book)}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list))

Taxon identifiers Ambleminae Wikidata: Q24283197 Wikispecies: Ambleminae BOLD: 78888 CoL: 7NLMC ITIS: 983004 NCBI: 47523 Open Tree of Life: 424571 Paleobiology Database: 244268 WoRMS: 856823

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