# Altai Krai

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Not to be confused with the neighbouring Russian federal subject of [Altai Republic](/source/Altai_Republic) and the Chinese subdivision of [Altay Prefecture](/source/Altay_Prefecture).

**Altai Krai**[a] is a [federal subject](/source/Federal_subjects_of_Russia) of [Russia](/source/Russia) (a [krai](/source/Krais_of_Russia)). It borders, clockwise from the west, [Kazakhstan](/source/Kazakhstan) ([East Kazakhstan Region](/source/East_Kazakhstan_Region), [Abai Region](/source/Abai_Region) and [Pavlodar Region](/source/Pavlodar_Region)), [Novosibirsk](/source/Novosibirsk_Oblast) and [Kemerovo](/source/Kemerovo_Oblast), and the [Altai Republic](/source/Altai_Republic). Its [administrative centre](/source/Administrative_centre) is the [city](/source/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia) of [Barnaul](/source/Barnaul). As of the [2021 Census](/source/2021_Russian_census), the population of the krai was 2,163,693.

## Name

The region is named after the [Altai Mountains](/source/Altai_Mountains).[1]

## History

Bone fragments of the [Denisova hominin](/source/Denisova_hominin) originate from the [Denisova Cave](/source/Denisova_Cave) in Altai Krai.

This area is part of a great crossroads in the ancient world.[2] [Nomadic](/source/Nomadic) tribes crossed through the territory during periods of migration. These nomadic tribes consisted of different peoples. Archeological sites reveal that ancient humans lived in the area.[3] The [Altay people](/source/Altay_people) are a [Turkic people](/source/Turkic_people), some of whom settled here, who were originally nomadic and date back to the 2nd millennium BC.[4]

The territory of the krai has been controlled by the [Xiongnu](/source/Xiongnu) Empire (209 BC–93 AD), the [Rouran Khaganate](/source/Rouran_Khaganate) (330–555), the [Mongol Empire](/source/Mongol_Empire) (1206–1368), the [Golden Horde](/source/Golden_Horde), the [Northern Yuan](/source/Northern_Yuan) (1368–1691) and the [Zunghar Khanate](/source/Zunghar_Khanate) (1634–1758).[5]

After the [Russian Revolution](/source/Russian_Revolution) and the rise of the [Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic](/source/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic), the policy of [war communism](/source/War_communism) was imposed on the rural population of Altai Krai, destroying the livelihood of many local farmers. In response, the [peasant rebellion of Sorokino](/source/Peasant_rebellion_of_Sorokino) broke out in 1921; this uprising was quickly crushed by the [Red Army](/source/Red_Army). Many locals who had taken part in the rebellion were later put on trial and convicted to hard labor or execution, in accordance with [NKVD Order No. 00447](/source/NKVD_Order_No._00447) in 1937.[6]

During the interwar period, the Soviet state collectivised the livestock and husbandry activities of the [Altai population](/source/Altai_people) within Altai Krai, resulting in local resistance to the measures and their subsequent migration, with their herds, to China and Mongolia.[7]

[In June 1942](/source/Population_transfer_in_the_Soviet_Union) Altai Krai was one of the territories to which the families of men deported from Eastern Europe, in particular "foreigners" and "other ethnicities" such as [Kola Norwegians](/source/Kola_Norwegians), [Lithuanians](/source/Lithuanians) and [Latvians](/source/Latvians), by Soviet Russia to GULAG hard labor camps.[8]

## Geography

Altai Krai has rolling foothills, grasslands, lakes, rivers, and mountains.[9] The highest point of the krai is the 2,490-metre (8,170-foot) tall [Mayak Shangina](/source/Mayak_Shangina).

The climate is severe with long cold dry winters and hot, usually dry summers. The region's main waterway is the [Ob River](/source/Ob_River), which gives its name to the [Ob Plateau](/source/Ob_Plateau).[10] The [Biya](/source/Biya_River) and [Katun Rivers](/source/Katun_River) are also important. The biggest lakes are [Lake Kulunda](/source/Lake_Kulunda), [Lake Kuchuk](/source/Lake_Kuchuk), [Bolshoye Topolnoye](/source/Bolshoye_Topolnoye), [Bolshoye Yarovoye](/source/Bolshoye_Yarovoye) and [Lake Mikhaylov](/source/Lake_Mikhaylov).[3]

Altai Krai has rich natural resources, including lumber, as well as significant mineral reserves. These include the nonferrous metals [lead](/source/Lead), [manganese](/source/Manganese), [tungsten](/source/Tungsten), [molybdenum](/source/Molybdenum), [bauxite](/source/Bauxite), and [gold](/source/Gold), as well as [iron ore](/source/Iron_ore). Forests cover about 60,000 km2 (23,000 sq mi) of the krai's land.[3] See also [Geography of South-Central Siberia](/source/Geography_of_South-Central_Siberia).

This region of Siberia is extremely important due to its [biodiversity](/source/Biodiversity), an area of over 1.6 e6ha is recognised by UNESCO as a [World Heritage Site](/source/World_Heritage_Site). The area is home to animals considered rare, including the endangered [snow leopard](/source/Snow_leopard).

### Administrative divisions

Main article: [Administrative divisions of Altai Krai](/source/Administrative_divisions_of_Altai_Krai)

## Heraldry

### Flag

The [flag of Altai Krai](/source/Flag_of_Altai_Krai) is red, with the leftmost portion blue. The blue portion contains, in golden yellow, a stylized depiction of an upright [ear of wheat](/source/Ear_(botany)). Centered in the red field is the [coat of arms](/source/Coat_of_arms) of the territory. It is derived from the [flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic](/source/Flag_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic).

### Coat of arms

The coat of arms of Altai Krai was established in 2000. It includes a shield of [French heraldry](/source/French_heraldry) form with a basement of 8/10th of its height and a sharp part in the middle of the bottom part. Bottom edges of the shield are rounded. The shield is divided with a horizontal stripe into two equal parts. In the upper part has a blue background, which is a symbol of glory, is a steamy oven of the 18th century, which reflects a historical past of the krai. In the bottom part on the red background, which is a symbol of dignity, braveness and courage, is an image of the Koluvan Queen of Vases mainly in green color, which is kept in the Hermitage Museum. The shield is framed with golden wheat ears which represent agriculture as a main industry of Altai Krai.

## Politics

During the [Soviet](/source/Soviet_Union) period, the high authority in the krai was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Altai CPSU Committee (who in reality had the most authority), the chairman of the Krai Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the Krai Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the krai administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected [regional parliament](/source/Regional_parliaments_of_Russia).

The Charter of Altai Krai is the fundamental law of the region. The [Legislative Assembly of Altai Krai](/source/Legislative_Assembly_of_Altai_Krai) is the [regional](/source/Regional_parliaments_of_Russia) standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Krai Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Krai Administration supports the activities of the [Governor](/source/Governor_of_Altai_Krai) who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the krai Charter in accordance with the [Constitution of Russia](/source/Constitution_of_Russia).

On August 7, 2005, the krai's then-head of administration [Mikhail Yevdokimov](/source/Mikhail_Yevdokimov) died in a car crash.

In the regional parliament election held in 2016, the [United Russia](/source/United_Russia) party received 44 seats; the [A Just Russia](/source/A_Just_Russia) party received 6; the [Communist Party](/source/Communist_Party_of_the_Russian_Federation) and [Liberal Democratic Party](/source/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Russia) received 8 each.

In the [State Duma of the 7th convocation](/source/7th_State_Duma) (2016–2021), Altai Krai is represented by 10 deputies: [Nikolai Gerasimenko](/source/Nikolai_Gerasimenko),[11] [Victor Zobnev](/source/Victor_Zobnev),[12] [Daniil Bessarabov](/source/Daniil_Bessarabov),[13] Oleg Bykov,[14] Valery Yelykomov,[15] [Natalya Kuvshinova](/source/Natalya_Kuvshinova),[16] [Ivan Loor](/source/Ivan_Loor),[17] and [Alexander Prokopyev](/source/Alexander_Prokopyev)[18] from United Russia; from A Just Russia – [Alexander Terentyev](/source/Alexander_Terentyev_(politician));[19] from the Communist Party – [Sergey Shargunov](/source/Sergey_Shargunov).[20][21] Two representatives of the region work in the [Federation Council](/source/Federation_Council_(Russia)) – Sergey Belousov and [Alexander Karlin](/source/Alexander_Karlin).[22][23]

### List of chairpersons of the Altai Krai Legislative Assembly

The chairperson of the Altai Krai Legislative Assembly is the [presiding officer](/source/Chairman) of that [legislature](/source/Legislature).

#### Office-holders

Name Took office Left office Aleksandr Surikov[24] 1994 1996 Aleksandr Nazarchuk 1996 2008 Ivan Loor[25] 2008 2016 Aleksandr Romanenko (politician) 2016 present

## Economy

As of 2013 the Krai's largest enterprises were supermarket chain [Maria-Ra](/source/Maria-Ra), [coke fuel](/source/Coke_(fuel)) producer [Altai-Koks](/source/Altai-Koks) and [rolling stock](/source/Rolling_stock) manufacturer Altaivagon.[26] [Evalar](/source/Evalar) – a prominent dietary supplement manufacturer – is also located in Altai Krai.

In January 2019, the average wage in Altai Krai was 23,941 [RUB](/source/Russian_ruble), which was an increase of 6.3% over the previous year.[27]

## Demographics

**Population**:

Historical population Year Pop. ±% 1959 2,683,265 — 1970 2,670,261 −0.5% 1979 2,674,614 +0.2% 1989 2,822,305 +5.5% 2002 2,607,426 −7.6% 2010 2,419,755 −7.2% 2021 2,163,693 −10.6% 2025 2,098,979 −3.0%

Source: Census data, estimate[28]

### Ethnic groups

Ethnicities in Altai Krai in 2021[29] Ethnicity Population Percentage Russians 1,863,686 95.5% Germans 25,361 1.3% Ukrainians 10,614 0.5% Kazakhs 5,586 0.3% Tajiks 5,230 0.3% Armenians 5,100 0.3% Other 36,856 1.8% Ethnicity not stated 211,260 –

**Vital statistics for 2024:[30]**

- Births: 15,351 (7.3 per 1,000)
- Deaths: 32,249 (15.3 per 1,000)

**Total fertility rate (2024):[31]** 1.24 children per woman

**Life expectancy (2021):**[32] Total — 68.60 years (male — 64.08, female — 73.10)

### Religion

According to a 2012 survey[33] 22.6% of the population of Altay Krai adheres to the [Russian Orthodox Church](/source/Russian_Orthodox_Church), 3% are [unaffiliated](/source/Nondenominational_Christianity) [Christians](/source/Christians), 1% are Orthodox Christian believers without belonging to any church or are adherents of other [Orthodox churches](/source/Eastern_Orthodox_Church), 1% are adherents of [Islam](/source/Islam). In addition, 31% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 27% is [atheist](/source/Atheism), and 14.4% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[33]

## Sister district

- [Xinjiang](/source/Xinjiang), [China](/source/China)[34]

## See also

- [Altai Mountains](/source/Altai_Mountains)
- [Denisova Cave](/source/Denisova_Cave)
- [Karasuk languages](/source/Karasuk_languages)
- [List of Chairmen of the Altai Krai Legislative Assembly](/source/List_of_Chairmen_of_the_Altai_Krai_Legislative_Assembly)
- [Sayan Mountains](/source/Sayan_Mountains)

## Notes

1. Rus: Алтайский край

## References

### Citations

1. Warikoo, K. (2017). [*Eurasia and India: Regional Perspectives*](https://books.google.com/books?id=OHE3DwAAQBAJ&q=Altai+Krai+name&pg=PT78). Routledge. ISBN 9781351691956.

1. ["Greater Altai – Altai Krai, Republic of Altai, Tyva (Tuva), and Novosibirsk — Crossroads"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070314172727/http://www.pacificenvironment.org/article.php?id=934). Archived from [the original](http://www.pacificenvironment.org/article.php?id=934) on March 14, 2007. Retrieved November 30, 2006.

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1. History of Mongolia, Volume II, 2003

1. Jusopova (2010), pp. 91–109.

1. Olson, James Stuart (1998). [*An ethnohistorical dictionary of China*](https://books.google.com/books?id=IOM8qF34s4YC&q=Altai+Krai+Altai+region&pg=PA11). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 11. ISBN 9780313288531.

1. [Lietuvos žydų tremtinių sąrašas Parengė Galina Žirikova pagal: "Genocido aukų vardynas 1939–1941 m." Lietuvos gyventojų genocido ir rezistencijos centras. 1998–2005 m.](http://media.search.lt/GetFile.php?OID=265380&FID=774974)

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1. [Geographical position, geological structure and surface topography of the south of Western Siberia (in Russian)](https://studref.com/487119/agropromyshlennost/geograficheskoe_polozhenie_geologicheskoe_stroenie_relef_poverhnosti_zapadnoy_sibiri)

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1. ["Лоор Иван Иванович"](http://www.gosduma.net/structure/deputies/1756936/) [Loor Ivan Ivanovich]. *www.gosduma.net*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201124091330/http://www.gosduma.net/structure/deputies/1756936/) 2020-11-24 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2021-02-14.

1. ["Прокопьев Александр Сергеевич"](http://www.gosduma.net/structure/deputies/1756627/) [Prokopyev Alexander Sergeyevich]. *www.gosduma.net*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210124222424/http://www.gosduma.net/structure/deputies/1756627/) 2021-01-24 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2021-02-14.

1. ["Терентьев Александр Васильевич"](http://www.gosduma.net/structure/deputies/1756592/) [Terentyev Alexander Vasilyevich]. *www.gosduma.net*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201128024322/http://www.gosduma.net/structure/deputies/1756592/) 2020-11-28 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2021-02-14.

1. ["Шаргунов Сергей Александрович"](http://www.gosduma.net/structure/deputies/1756737/) [Shargunov Sergey Alexandrovich]. *www.gosduma.net*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210119051655/http://www.gosduma.net/structure/deputies/1756737/) 2021-01-19 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2021-02-14.

1. ["Депутаты Государственной Думы РФ от Алтайского края"](https://www.altairegion22.ru/authorities/deputies_sdr/) [Deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation from the Altai Krai]. *www.altairegion22.ru*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210224182840/https://altairegion22.ru/authorities/deputies_sdr/) 2021-02-24 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2021-02-14.

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### Sources

- Jusopova, Evgenija (2010). ["Vorgehen gegen die Teilnehmer des Aufstandes von Sorokino in der Altaj-Region"](https://books.google.com/books?id=6sDmBQAAQBAJ). *Stalinismus in der sowjetischen Provinz 1937–1938. Die Massenaktion aufgrund des operativen Befehls No. 00447* (in German). Rolf Binner; Bernd Bonwetsch; Marc Junge (eds.). [Berlin](/source/Berlin): [Akademie Verlag](/source/Akademie_Verlag). pp. 91–109. ISBN 978-3-05-004685-3.

## External links

- [Official website of Altai Krai](https://web.archive.org/web/20100802162739/http://www.altairegion22.ru/en/)
- [Official website of Altai Krai](http://www.altairegion22.ru/) (in Russian)
- Kommersant.com. [Information about Altai Krai](http://www.kommersant.com/t-82/r_5/n_426/Altai_Territory/) ([Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110606071800/http://www.kommersant.com/t-82/r_5/n_426/Altai_Territory/) June 6, 2011 at the Wayback Machine)
- [Library of Congress Russian](http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Russia.pdf) (PDF)
- [History of Altai Krai](https://web.archive.org/web/20140310162519/http://www.altairegion22.ru/en/territory/history.html)
- [Altai: a living spirit](http://rbth.ru/articles/2010/10/11/altai_a_living_spirit05014.html) ([Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120711164915/http://rbth.ru/articles/2010/10/11/altai_a_living_spirit05014.html) July 11, 2012 at the Wayback Machine)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Altai Krai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altai_Krai) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altai_Krai?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.