# Alice Dannenberg

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{{short description|French painter}}
'''Alice Dannenberg''', (4 April 1861 – 28 June 1948) was an early 20th century French painter of Russian origin who cofounded an art school in Paris, the [Académie de la Grande Chaumière](/source/Acad%C3%A9mie_de_la_Grande_Chaumi%C3%A8re).

==Biography==
Alice Dannenberg was born in [Mitau](/source/Jelgava), then part of the Russian Empire and now part of Latvia. By the end of the 19th century, she had moved to Paris, where she began exhibiting in 1901 with a group of [Left Bank](/source/Rive_Gauche) artists known as "Les Quelques" (The Few) that also included the Swiss painter [Martha Stettler](/source/Martha_Stettler). A few years later, she had a hand in founding a new group of 50 artists known as "Tendences nouvelles" (New Trends); they held an exhibition in 1904.<ref name=n13/> In 1908, Dannenberg rejoined The Few as a means of showing her work outside the major salons.<ref name=chronique/><ref name=pan/>

In 1902, Dannenberg and Stettler opened a new art school, Académie de la Grande Chaumière, with the aim of providing a form of art instruction different from the strict rules of painting taught in the [École des Beaux-Arts](/source/%C3%89cole_des_Beaux-Arts).<ref name=n68/> Dannenberg and Stettler served as directors of the school until 1945.<ref name="Tapan"/> An attraction of the Grande Chaumière was fees that were kept even lower than the rival [Académie Julian](/source/Acad%C3%A9mie_Julian). Among its teachers were [Walter Sickert](/source/Walter_Sickert), [Lucien Simon](/source/Lucien_Simon), [Claudio Castelucho](/source/Claudio_Castelucho), and [Antoine Bourdelle](/source/Antoine_Bourdelle).<ref name=bourdelle/> Notable students include [Louise Bourgeois](/source/Louise_Bourgeois), [Alexander Calder](/source/Alexander_Calder), [Isamu Noguchi](/source/Isamu_Noguchi), [Alberto Giacometti](/source/Alberto_Giacometti), and [Tamara de Lempicka](/source/Tamara_de_Lempicka).<ref name=bourdelle/>

In 1911, Dannenberg was elected to the National Society of Fine Arts.<ref name=chronique2/><ref name=art/> In 1927, she received her French naturalization papers,<ref name=n60/> and not long afterwards she and Stettler moved to [Fontenay-sous-Bois](/source/Fontenay-sous-Bois).<ref name=n69/>

The last exhibition in which Dannenberg participated was in 1937.<ref name=n67/> After the war, she and Stettler settled in [Châtillon](/source/Ch%C3%A2tillon%2C_Hauts-de-Seine), where she died in 1948.<ref name=n70/>

==Work==
When Dannenberg began exhibiting in 1901, she was already a mature artist who had been painting for over fifteen years. Her oldest known painting dates to 1884: it is a Russian landscape.

Between 1904 and about 1912, she painted mostly vivid, nostalgic scenes of Parisian children at play, particularly in the [Luxembourg Gardens](/source/Luxembourg_Gardens) and the [Tuileries](/source/Tuileries) gardens.<ref name=n21/><ref name=n23/> Starting around 1908, she began to paint beach scenes and melancholy landscapes.<ref name=n12/><ref name=n33/> In 1913 she painted a series of impressions of Italy including Venice and Florence.<ref name=n44/><ref name=n47/> In 1914 she began a ten-year phase of painting interiors and still lifes.<ref name=n50/><ref name=n57/> In the 1920s, she turned to expressive seascapes, and in the 1930s, she painted flowers.<ref name=n59/><ref name=n65/><ref name=n66/> Critics have compared her [Impressionist](/source/Impressionist) style to that of [John Singer Sargent](/source/John_Singer_Sargent), [Anders Zorn](/source/Anders_Zorn), and [Charles Cottet](/source/Charles_Cottet).<ref name=n13/><ref name=n12/><ref name=n8/>

Between 1904 and 1935, Dannenberg exhibited her landscapes and genre paintings frequently in the annual [Salon d'Automne](/source/Salon_d'Automne) and [Salon des Indépendants](/source/Salon_des_Ind%C3%A9pendants) exhibitions as well as elsewhere.

==References==
<references>

<ref name=bourdelle>Bourdelle, Antoine, and Laure Dalon. ''Cours & leçons à l'Académie de la Grande Chaumière, 1909–1929''. Paris: Paris-Musées, Editions des Cendres, 2008.</ref>
<ref name="Tapan">{{cite web|last1=Bhattacharya|first1=Tapan|title=Stettler, Adelheid Fanny Martha|url=https://www.sikart.ch/KuenstlerInnen.aspx?id=4022954|website=SIKART: Dizionario sull'arte in Svizzera|publisher=Swiss Institute for Art Research|accessdate=27 March 2016|date=1998}}</ref>
<ref name=n13>''Gil Blas'', April 13, 1907.</ref>
<ref name=chronique>''Chronique des Artistes et de la curiosité'', April 28, 1900.</ref>
<ref name=chronique2>''Chronique des Artistes et de la curiosité'', June 27, 1911.</ref>
<ref name=art>''Art et Décoration'', July–December 1911.</ref>
<ref name=pan>''Pan, revue libre'', January–February 1911.</ref>
<ref name=n8>''Chronique des Artistes et de la curiosité'', March 24, 1906.</ref>
<ref name=n12>''Chronique des Artistes et de la curiosité'', March 23, 1907.</ref>
<ref name=n21>''La Nouvelle Revue'', January–February 1908.</ref>
<ref name=n23>''Chronique des Artistes et de la curiosité'', March 28, 1908.</ref>
<ref name=n33>''La Vie artistique'', April 1911.</ref>
<ref name=n44>''Chronique des Artistes et de la curiosité'', February 22, 1913.</ref>
<ref name=n47>''Art et Décoration'', January–June 1913.</ref>
<ref name=n50>''La Renaissance'', April 18, 1914.</ref>
<ref name=n57>''Le Nouveau Spectateur'', 1919-1921.</ref>
<ref name=n59>''La Nouvelle Revue'', May–June 1927.</ref>
<ref name=n60>''Journal Officiel'', October 10–11, 1927.</ref>
<ref name=n65>''Revue de l'Ancien et du Moderne'', June–December 1932.</ref>
<ref name=n66>''Bulletin de l'Ancien et du Moderne'', June 1935.</ref>
<ref name=n68>Dalou, Laure., ''Bourdelle et l'enseignement de la sculpture'', thesis from l'École des Chartes, 2006.</ref>
<ref name=n69>Town hall archives of Fontenay-sous-Bois.</ref>
<ref name=n67>''Le Monde illustré'', April 10, 1937.</ref>
<ref name=n70>Town hall archives of Chatillon.</ref>

</references>

{{ACArt}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dannenberg, Alice}}
Category:1861 births
Category:1948 deaths
Category:19th-century French women artists
Category:20th-century French women artists
Category:French modern painters
Category:People from Jelgava
Category:Emigrants from the Russian Empire to France

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Alice Dannenberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Dannenberg) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Dannenberg?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.