# Alexandre Fourchault

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{{Short description|French officer}}
{{Infobox military person
|honorific_prefix    = 
|name                = Alexandre Fourchault
|honorific_suffix    = 
|image               = 
|image_upright       = 
|alt                 = 
|caption             = 
|native_name         = 
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|birth_name          = Alexandre Édouard Constant Fourchault
|other_name          = 
|nickname            = 
|birth_date          = 19 August 1817
|birth_place         = [Orléans](/source/Orl%C3%A9ans), [France](/source/France)
|death_date          = 10 April 1884
|death_place         = [Algiers](/source/Algiers), [Algeria](/source/Algeria)
|burial_place        = 
|burial_label        = 
|burial_coordinates  = <!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}}-->
|allegiance          = [France](/source/France)
|branch              = [French Army](/source/French_Army)
|branch_label        = Branch
|service_years       = 1840–1877
|service_years_label = 
|rank                = [Colonel](/source/Colonel)
|rank_label          = 
|service_number      = 
|unit                = 
|commands            = 
|battles             = [Crimean War](/source/Crimean_War)<br />[Franco-Prussian War](/source/Franco-Prussian_War)
* [Battle of Mars-la-Tour](/source/Battle_of_Mars-la-Tour)
* [Battle of Gravelotte](/source/Battle_of_Gravelotte)
[Mokrani Revolt](/source/Mokrani_Revolt)
* [Capture of Palestro (1871)](/source/Capture_of_Palestro_(1871))
* [Battle of Alma](/source/Battle_of_Alma_(Algeria))
* [Battle of the Col des Beni Aïcha](/source/Battle_of_the_Col_des_Beni_A%C3%AFcha)
|battles_label       = 
|awards              = [Legion of Honour](/source/Legion_of_Honour)
|memorials           = 
|alma_mater          = 
|spouse              = Émeline-Éliza-Joséphine-Marie D'Ercourt<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OjRb4yW7jy4C&pg=PA220|title=Bulletin des lois. Partie supplémentaire|date=26 December 1885|publisher=Imprimerie nationale|via=Google Books}}</ref>
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'''Alexandre Édouard Constant Fourchault''' (19 August 1817{{snd}}10 April 1884) was a French officer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BhAqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA256|title=Le livre d'or de l'Algérie: histoire politique, militaire, administrative; événements et faits principaux; biographie des hommes ayant marqué dans l'armée, les sciences, les lettres, etc., de 1830 à 1889|first=Narcisse|last=Faucon|date=26 December 1890|publisher=A. Challamel|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.histoire-de-guerre.net/article/item/1897-fourchault|title=FOURCHAULT|first=Claude|last=Merle|website=www.histoire-de-guerre.net|access-date=26 December 2020|archive-date=30 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430095538/https://www.histoire-de-guerre.net/article/item/1897-fourchault|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Studies==
He studied at the ''Lycée Benjamin-Franklin d'Orléans'' with several senior officers of the [French Army](/source/French_Army) and French politicians.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j7qgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA549|title=Le Collège et le Lycée d'Orléans, 1762-1892: notes, souvenirs, documents|first=L. H.|last=Tranchau|date=26 December 1893|publisher=H. Herluison|via=Google Books}}</ref>

He was trained militarily in the [École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr](/source/%C3%89cole_sp%C3%A9ciale_militaire_de_Saint-Cyr) and in the ''École d'application du Corps royal d'état-major''.

He did his infantry training with the 58th line in Algeria in 1843, passed to the 3rd chasseurs the following year, and was attached to the Bourges division in 1847.

==Career==

===Conquest of Algeria===
He served in [North Africa](/source/North_Africa) during the [French conquest of Algeria](/source/French_conquest_of_Algeria).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uMw7R_D8tr0C&pg=PA277|title = Récits de Kabylie campagne de 1857|last1 = Daumas|first1 = Melchior Joseph Eugène|year = 1858}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_jPtAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA809|title = Revue politique et littéraire: Revue bleue|year = 1892}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cXkEAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA32|title = Chroniques Tizi-ouziennes|isbn = 9782952584104|last1 = Crescenzo|first1 = Jean de|year = 2005}}</ref>

===Crimean War===
He took part in the [Crimean War](/source/Crimean_War) from 1854 to 1856.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7lPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA288|title = Bulletin des lois de la République Française: Partie Principale|year = 1851}}</ref>

===Franco-Prussian War===
He returned to Algeria, then took part in the [Franco-Prussian War](/source/Franco-Prussian_War) of 1870, in particular in the battles of:

* [Battle of Mars-la-Tour](/source/Battle_of_Mars-la-Tour), in Moselle (August 16–18, 1870): where heavy fighting broke out between the French forces and the Prussian troops commanded by General [August Karl von Goeben](/source/August_Karl_von_Goeben);
* [Battle of Gravelotte](/source/Battle_of_Gravelotte) (August 18, 1870): Where [Bazaine](/source/Fran%C3%A7ois_Achille_Bazaine) had to retreat to Metz after conceding a defeat from the French forces.

He was taken prisoner in Germany with 17 other officers and then escaped from prison, while he was ranked as lieutenant-colonel in the [general staff](/source/general_staff).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5q9IAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA380|title = Le Moniteur prussien de Versailles: Du 14 décembre 1870 au 5 mars 1871|last1 = Pouisot|first1 = Edmond Antoine|year = 1872}}</ref>

===Mokrani Revolt===
He participated in Algeria in the repression of the [Mokrani revolt](/source/Mokrani_Revolt) from April 1871.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F85JAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA237|title=Histoire de l'insurrection de 1871 en Algérie|first=Louis|last=Rinn|date=26 December 1891|publisher=Librairie A. Jourdan|via=Google Books}}</ref>

He presided over the [Battle of Alma](/source/Battle_of_Alma_(Algeria)) and [Battle of the Col des Beni Aïcha](/source/Battle_of_the_Col_des_Beni_A%C3%AFcha) on 19 April 1871, with general [Orphis Léon Lallemand](/source/Orphis_L%C3%A9on_Lallemand), through which he countered the Algerian rebels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e2GChtdGz68C&pg=PA156|title=Bordj-Bou-Arreridj pendant l'insurrection de 1871 en Algerie. Journal d'un officier|first=Alfred Du|last=Cheyron|date=26 December 1873|publisher=Henri Plon|via=Google Books}}</ref>

==Awards==
thumb|upright 0.6|Tomb of Alexandre Fourchault
He was attached to the [general staff](/source/general_staff) of the [Army of Africa](/source/Army_of_Africa_(France)), and was decorated as Knight of the [Legion of Honour](/source/Legion_of_Honour) on August 16, 1850.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WCjYY2pz8oYC&pg=PA993|title = Bulletin des lois. Partie supplémentaire|year = 1858}}</ref>

==Death==
He ended his career on 23 October 1877 and his life in [Algiers](/source/Algiers) with the rank of [cavalry](/source/cavalry) [colonel](/source/colonel) on 10 April 1884.<ref name="auto"/>

His funeral gave rise to an imposing demonstration when he was buried in the [St. Eugene Cemetery](/source/St._Eugene_Cemetery) in [Algiers](/source/Algiers).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://alger-roi.fr/Alger/cimetiere/pages_liees/12_tombes_celebres_gamt51.htm|title=les tombes célèbres à Alger cimetière de Saint Eugène,alger-roi.net|website=alger-roi.fr}}</ref>

==Monument==
A commemorative monument was raised to him by public subscription in 1885, in the [St. Eugene Cemetery](/source/St._Eugene_Cemetery), on land granted in perpetuity by the city of [Algiers](/source/Algiers).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BhAqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA261|title = Le livre d'or de l'Algérie: Histoire politique, militaire, administrative; événements et faits principaux; biographie des hommes ayant marqué dans l'armée, les sciences, les lettres, etc., de 1830 à 1889|last1 = Faucon|first1 = Narcisse|year = 1890}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fourchault, Alexandre}}
Category:1817 births
Category:1884 deaths
Category:Military personnel from Orléans
Category:French Army officers
Category:People of the Mokrani Revolt
Category:Officers of the Legion of Honour

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Alexandre Fourchault](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Fourchault) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Fourchault?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.