# Alderman

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Member of a municipal assembly or council

This article is about a member of an assembly or of a council. For people with the surname, see [Alderman (surname)](/source/Alderman_(surname)). For other uses, see [Alderman (disambiguation)](/source/Alderman_(disambiguation)).

An **alderman** or **alderperson** is a member of a [municipal](/source/Municipal_government) assembly or a council in many [jurisdictions](/source/Jurisdiction) founded upon [English law](/source/English_law) with similar officials existing in the [Netherlands](/source/Netherlands) ([wethouder](/source/Wethouder)) and [Belgium](/source/Belgium) ([schepen](/source/Schepen)). The term may be titular, denoting a high-ranking member of a [borough](/source/Borough) or [county council](/source/County_council), a council member chosen by the elected members themselves rather than by [popular vote](/source/Direct_election), or a council member elected by voters.[1]

## Etymology

The title is derived from the [Old English](/source/Old_English) title of *[ealdorman](/source/Ealdorman)*, which literally means "elder man", and which was used by the chief nobles presiding over [shires](/source/Shire). Similar titles exist in other Germanic languages, such as **ålderman** in [Swedish](/source/Swedish_language), **oldermann** in [Norwegian](/source/Norwegian_language), **rådmand** in [Danish](/source/Danish_language) and [Low German](/source/Low_German), **Olderman** in [West Frisian](/source/West_Frisian_language), **ouderman** in [Dutch](/source/Dutch_language), and **Ältermann** in [German](/source/German_language). [Finnish](/source/Finnish_language) also has **oltermanni**, which was borrowed from Swedish. All of these words mean "elder person" or "wise man".

## Usage by country

### Australia

Many local government bodies used the term "alderman" in Australia. As in the way local councils have been modernised in the United Kingdom and [Ireland](/source/Ireland), the term alderman has been discontinued in a number of places. For example, in the state of [Queensland](/source/Queensland) before 1994, rural "shires" elected "councillors" and a "chairman", while "cities" elected a "mayor" and "aldermen". Since 1994, all local and regional government areas in Queensland elect a "mayor" and "councillors". (Australian capital cities usually have a [Lord Mayor](/source/Lord_Mayor)). An example of the use of the term alderman is evident in the City of [Adelaide](/source/Adelaide).[2] Aldermen were elected from the electors in all the [wards](/source/Ward_(electoral_subdivision)).[3]

### Canada

Historically, in [Canada](/source/Canada), the term "alderman" was used for those persons elected to a municipal council to represent the wards. As women were increasingly elected to municipal office, the term "[councillor](/source/Councillor)" slowly replaced "alderman", although there was some use of the term "alderperson". Today, the title of "alderman" is rarely used except in some cities in [Alberta](/source/Alberta) and [Ontario](/source/Ontario), as well as some smaller municipalities elsewhere in the country, that retain the title for historical reasons.

### Ireland

The title "alderman" was abolished for [local authorities in the Republic of Ireland](/source/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland) by the [Local Government Act 2001](/source/Local_Government_Act_2001), with effect from the [2004 local elections](/source/2004_Irish_local_elections).[4] Early usage of the term mirrored [that of England and Wales](#England,_Northern_Ireland_and_Wales). Local elections since the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1919 have used the [single transferable vote](/source/Single_transferable_vote) in multiple-member electoral areas.[5][6]

In each electoral area of a [borough or county borough](/source/List_of_Irish_local_government_areas_1898%E2%80%931921), the first several candidates elected were styled "alderman" and the rest "councillor".[7]

Someone co-opted to fill a seat vacated by an alderman would be styled "councillor".[8]

### Netherlands

In the Netherlands, an alderman (Dutch: *wethouder*) is part of the [municipal executive](/source/Municipal_executive) and not of the [municipal council](/source/Municipal_council_(Netherlands)), which controls the aldermen's actions in office. The alderman is comparable to the office of [minister](/source/Minister_(government)) at the national level. However, the alderman can not propose bills to the council. The alderman can be forced to resign by a [vote of no confidence](/source/Vote_of_no-confidence) by the council.

### South Africa

In South Africa, the term alderman refers to senior members of [municipal councils](/source/Municipal_council).[9] They are distinguished from ordinary councillors for their "long and distinguished service as a councillor".[10] The title may be awarded on the basis of a long term of service (commonly 20 years), or a combination of term of service along with leadership positions held within the council.[11] In some councils the title is automatically conferred on the [mayor](/source/Mayor) regardless of their term of service.

### United Kingdom

#### England, Northern Ireland and Wales

Although the term originated in England, it had no single definition there until the 19th century, as each municipal corporation had its own constitution. It was used in England, [Wales](/source/Wales) and [Ireland](/source/Ireland)/[Northern Ireland](/source/Northern_Ireland) (all of Ireland being part of the United Kingdom from January 1801 until December 1922), but was not used in [Scotland](/source/Scotland). Under the [Municipal Reform Act 1835](/source/Municipal_Reform_Act_1835), [municipal borough](/source/Municipal_borough) corporations consisted of [councillors](/source/Councillor) and aldermen. Aldermen would be elected not by the electorate, but by the council (including the outgoing aldermen), for a term of six years, which allowed a party that narrowly lost an election to retain control by choosing aldermen. This was changed by the Municipal Corporations Amendment Act 1910, so that outgoing aldermen were no longer allowed to vote.[12][13] [County councils](/source/County_council), created in Great Britain in 1889 and in Ireland in 1899, also elected aldermen, but [rural district](/source/Rural_district) and [urban district councils](/source/Urban_district_(England_and_Wales)) did not. The [Local Government Act 1972](/source/Local_Government_Act_1972) finally abolished Aldermen with voting rights, with effect from 1974, except in the [Greater London Council](/source/Greater_London_Council) and the [London borough councils](/source/London_borough_councils), where they remained a possibility until 1978.[14]

#### Honorary aldermen

Councils in England, Wales, and [Northern Ireland](/source/Northern_Ireland) still have the power to create honorary aldermen and alderwomen, as a reward for their services as a councillor, but must do so at a special meeting, and in each case the granting of the title needs to be approved by two-thirds of those attending.[15] This power is little used in England and Wales, but is used more often in Northern Ireland, where councils may also designate up to a quarter of their elected councillors as aldermen.

#### City of London

Main article: [Court of Aldermen](/source/Court_of_Aldermen)

In the [City of London](/source/City_of_London), but not elsewhere in [London](/source/London), aldermen are still elected for each of the [wards of the City](/source/Wards_of_the_City_of_London) by the regular electorate. To be a candidate to be [Lord Mayor of the City of London](/source/Lord_Mayor_of_the_City_of_London), it is necessary to be an alderman and to have been a [sheriff of the City of London](/source/Sheriff_of_the_City_of_London).

The title "Alderman" is used for both men and women and may be prefixed to a person's name (e.g., Alderman John Smith, Alderman Smith, or for women; Alderman Mrs (or Miss) Smith).

#### Scotland

In [Scotland](/source/Scotland), the office of "[baillie](/source/Baillie)" bore some similarities to that of alderman in England and Wales.

### United States

Depending on the jurisdiction, an alderman could have been part of the legislative or judicial local government.

A "board of aldermen" is the governing executive or legislative body of many cities and towns in the United States. Boards of aldermen are used in many rural areas of the United States as opposed to a larger [city council](/source/City_council) or [city commission](/source/City_commission); its members are typically called "alderman". The term is sometimes used instead of [city council](/source/City_council), but it can also refer to an executive board independent of the council, or to what is essentially an upper house of a [bicameral legislature](/source/Bicameral_legislature) (as it was in [New York City](/source/New_York_City) until the 20th century).

In [Illinois](/source/Illinois), the Illinois Municipal Code allows for the formation and existence of an aldermanic-city form of municipal government. As an example, in [Chicago](/source/Chicago), the [Chicago City Council](/source/Chicago_City_Council) is composed of fifty aldermen[16] (not councilors). As of 2021, Chicago aldermen are legally referred to by the [State of Illinois](/source/Government_of_Illinois) as alderpersons, though the terms alderman and aldermanic remain in common use.[17][18][19] The terms "alderwoman" and simply "alder" are also commonly used.[20][21]

Some cities, such as [Ithaca, New York](/source/Ithaca%2C_New_York), identify aldermen as 'alderpersons'. Others, including [New Haven, Connecticut](/source/New_Haven%2C_Connecticut), use the term "alders".[22]

Historically, the term could also refer to local municipal judges in small legal proceedings (as in [Pennsylvania](/source/Pennsylvania)[23] and [Delaware](/source/Delaware)). Pennsylvania's aldermen were phased out in the early 20th century.

## See also

Look up ***[alderman](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/alderman)*** in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

- [Local government in Canada](/source/Local_government_in_Canada)

- [Local government in the United States](/source/Local_government_in_the_United_States)

- [Municipal government](/source/Municipal_government)

- [Councillor](/source/Councillor)

- [Mayor](/source/Mayor)

- [Selectman](/source/Selectman)

- [John Alderman](/source/John_Alderman)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Alderman"](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/alderman). *Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2010*. 2010. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20100221213127/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/alderman) from the original on 21 February 2010. Retrieved 11 January 2010.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Adelaide – City Council, Town Hall and Allied Matters"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110310051226/http://www.slsa.sa.gov.au/manning/adelaide/council/misc.htm). Slsa.sa.gov.au. Archived from [the original](http://www.slsa.sa.gov.au/manning/adelaide/council/misc.htm) on 10 March 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Microsoft Word - 7540 ACC Rep Review Stage 1 Consultants Report FINAL - Volume 2.doc"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110523170447/http://www.adelaidecitycouncil.com/adccwr/_assets/main/lib60051/representation%20review%20-%20public%20consultation%20-%20harrison%20market%20research%20consultants%20report%20-%20final%20-%20volume%202.pdf) (PDF). Archived from [the original](http://www.adelaidecitycouncil.com/adccwr/_assets/main/lib60051/representation%20review%20-%20public%20consultation%20-%20harrison%20market%20research%20consultants%20report%20-%20final%20-%20volume%202.pdf) (PDF) on 23 May 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-CallananKeogan2003_4-0)** O'Sullivan, Terry (2003). ["Local Areas and Structures"](https://books.google.com/books?id=P6OdT7MIflgC&pg=PA49). In Callanan, Mark; Keogan, Justin F. (eds.). *Local Government in Ireland: Inside Out*. Institute of Public Administration. p. 49. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781902448930](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781902448930).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-DeignanHistoryIreland_5-0)** Deignan, Patrick (May–June 2009). ["PR & the Sligo borough election of 1919"](http://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/pr-the-sligo-borough-election-of-1919/). *History Ireland*. **17** (3). Retrieved 18 March 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["Local Elections in Ireland"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180126012555/http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/elections_and_referenda/local_elections/local_elections.html). Ireland: Citizens Information Board. 23 January 2014. Archived from [the original](http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/elections_and_referenda/local_elections/local_elections.html) on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2017. The electoral system is based on proportional representation with single transferable vote.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Originally ["Local Government (Ireland) Act 1919"](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Local_Government_(Ireland)_Act,_1919#Triennial_election_of_aldermen_and_councillors_in_boroughs.). *[Wikisource](/source/Wikisource)*. 3 June 1919. Section 4 (2). Retrieved 8 June 2017. - Replaced by ["Electoral Act 1963"](http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/act/19/enacted/en/print#sec82). *[Irish Statute Book](/source/Irish_Statute_Book)*. Sections 82(2)(xvi) and 87. Retrieved 8 June 2017. and ["S.I. No. 128/1965 – Local Elections Regulations, 1965"](http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1965/si/128/made/en/print#article77). *[Irish Statute Book](/source/Irish_Statute_Book)*. Article 77. Retrieved 8 June 2017. - Continued by ["Local Government Act 1991, Section 12"](http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1991/act/11/section/12/enacted/en/html). *[Irish Statute Book](/source/Irish_Statute_Book)*. Retrieved 8 June 2017. - Replaced by ["Local Government Act 1994, Section 24"](http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1994/act/8/section/24/enacted/en/html). *[Irish Statute Book](/source/Irish_Statute_Book)*. Retrieved 8 June 2017. and ["Local Elections Regulations 1995"](http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1995/si/297/made/en/print#article125). *[Irish Statute Book](/source/Irish_Statute_Book)*. Article 125. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["Local Government Act, 1941, Section 42"](http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1941/act/23/section/42/enacted/en/html). *[Irish Statute Book](/source/Irish_Statute_Book)*. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["Policy: Conferment of Aldermanship on Councillors of the West Coast District Municipality. West Coast District Municipality"](https://web.archive.org/web/20211027221726/http://westcoastdm.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/confernment_of_aldermanship.pdf) (PDF). Archived from [the original](http://westcoastdm.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/confernment_of_aldermanship.pdf) (PDF) on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** [Policy Relating to the Conferment of Civic Honours](http://www.sedibeng.gov.za/a_keydocs/20100914_honours_policy.pdf), [Sedibeng District Municipality](/source/Sedibeng_District_Municipality).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["Councillor made alderman | IOL"](http://www.iol.co.za/bolander/news/councillor-made-alderman-5238998). Retrieved 4 June 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** ["Political battlefield of alderman Terry"](https://web.archive.org/web/20151002125512/http://www.stokesentinel.co.uk/Political-battlefield-alderman-Terry/story-12581190-detail/story.html). *Stoke Sentinel*. Archived from [the original](http://www.thisisstaffordshire.co.uk/nostalgia/Political-battlefield-alderman-Terry/article-392745-detail/article.html) on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["Aldermen in Municipal Boroughs Bill"](https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1910/jul/20/aldermen-in-municipal-boroughs-bill). *[Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)](/source/Hansard)*. 20 July 1910. Retrieved 2 March 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Minors, Michael; Grenham, Dennis (March 2007). [*London Borough Council Elections 4 May 2006*](https://web.archive.org/web/20150930162739/http://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/council-elections-candidate-results-ward-2006/resource/8510479a-6c2d-47c4-b9a1-7d1986ad73d8/proxy). [Greater London Authority](/source/Greater_London_Authority). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781852612320](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781852612320). Archived from [the original](http://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/council-elections-candidate-results-ward-2006/resource/8510479a-6c2d-47c4-b9a1-7d1986ad73d8/proxy) on 30 September 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** ["Local Government Act 1972: Section 249"](https://legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/70/section/249/), *[legislation.gov.uk](/source/Legislation.gov.uk)*, [The National Archives](/source/The_National_Archives_(United_Kingdom)), 1972 c. 70 (s. 249)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** ["About City Government & the Chicago City Council"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190036/https://www.chicityclerk.com/city-council-news-central/council-agenda). 21 September 2015. Archived from [the original](https://www.chicityclerk.com/city-council-news-central/council-agenda) on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** ["Illinois General Assembly - Bill Status for SB0825"](https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=0825&GAID=16&GA=102&DocTypeID=SB&LegID=133452&SessionID=110&SpecSess=). *www.ilga.gov*. Retrieved 10 December 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** ["Goodbye, Alderman. Hello, Alderperson"](https://news.wttw.com/2021/06/01/goodbye-alderman-hello-alderperson).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** ["State Adopts 'Alderperson' To Describe Chicago City Council Members — But Some Alderpeople Aren't Thrilled"](https://blockclubchicago.org/2021/06/17/state-adopts-alderperson-to-describe-chicago-city-council-members-but-some-alderpeople-arent-thrilled/). 18 June 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** ["Chicago alderwoman threatens legal action against colleague amid war of words over Israeli embassy shooting - CBS Chicago"](https://www.cbsnews.com/chicago/news/rossana-rodriguez-sanchez-raymond-lopez-comments-dc-shooting-israeli-embassy-workers/). *www.cbsnews.com*. 28 May 2025. Retrieved 25 January 2026.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** Eng, Monica (23 July 2025). ["Chicago alders spar over CPD data from ICE enforcement in South Loop"](https://www.axios.com/local/chicago/2025/07/23/chicago-alders-clash-ice-police-call-data). *Axios*. Retrieved 25 January 2026.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** ["Board of Alders"](https://www.newhavenct.gov/gov/depts/alders/default.htm).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** Potter, Chris (4 January 2007). ["Have Pittsburgh city councilors ever been called "aldermen"? I used to see "alderman" signs on an old building"](https://www.pghcitypaper.com/columns/have-pittsburgh-city-councilors-ever-been-called-aldermen-i-used-to-see-alderman-signs-on-an-old-building-1334642/). *[Pittsburgh City Paper](/source/Pittsburgh_City_Paper)*. Retrieved 6 January 2008.

Authority control databases Yale LUX

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Alderman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alderman) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alderman?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.