# Alan Solem
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{{Short description|American biologist}}
{{Infobox scientist
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| name = Alan Solem
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| birth_name = George Alan Solem
| birth_date = {{birth date |1931|06|21}}
| birth_place = United States
| death_date = {{death date and age |1990|03|26|1931|06|21}}
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| fields = [Malacology](/source/Malacology)
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| known_for = One of the most renowned land snail experts of his time
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| author_abbrev_zoo = Solem
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'''George Alan Solem''' (21 June 1931 – 26 March 1990),[[van Bruggen A. C.](/source/Adolph_Cornelis_van_Bruggen) (1990). "Obituary – G. Alan Solem, 21.VI.1931 – 26.III.1990". ''Basteria'' '''54'''(1-3): 151-154.][Coan E. V., Kabat A. R. & Petit R. E. (2009). ''2,400 years of malacology, 6th ed.'', February 15, 2009, 830 pp. + 32 pp. [Annex of Collations]. American Malacological Society: http://www.malacological.org/publications/2400_malacology.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005154552/http://www.malacological.org/publications/2400_malacology.html |date=2018-10-05 }}] known professionally as '''Alan Solem''', was an American [malacologist](/source/malacology), a [biologist](/source/biologist) who studied [mollusk](/source/mollusk)s.
He was one of the most renowned land snail experts of his time and had earned a reputation for his comprehensive revisions of mainly terrestrial [pulmonates](/source/pulmonates). He worked on land [snails](/source/snails) from all regions of the world but became particularly known for his revisions of land snails from [Australasia](/source/Australasia) and various [Pacific](/source/Pacific) Islands. His 140 academic papers dealt with the snail [phylogeny](/source/Phylogenetic_tree), feeding patterns and reproductive strategies.[{{cite web |title=Invertebrates - Research |url=https://www.fieldmuseum.org/science/research/area/invertebrates/invertebrates-research |publisher=Field Museum of Natural History |access-date=10 October 2021}}]
He named many [taxa](/source/taxa), amongst them about 350 species of Australian land snails, and several genera.[Cameron, R. A. D., B. M. Pokryszko, and F. E. Wells. 2005. Alan Solem's work on the diversity of Australasian land snails: an unfinished project of global significance. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 68:1-10.]
Some species named by him are:
* ''[Ba humbugi](/source/Ba_humbugi)'' Solem, 1983 – a species of Fijian [land snail](/source/land_snail)
* ''[Hadra wilsoni](/source/Hadra_wilsoni)'' Solem, 1979 – a species of [Western Australia](/source/Western_Australia)n land snail
* ''[Glyptorhagada janaslini](/source/Glyptorhagada_janaslini)'' Solem, 1992 – a species of land snail
* ''[Aaadonta fuscozonata depressa](/source/Aaadonta_fuscozonata_depressa)'' Solem, 1976 – a subspecies of land snail
== Taxa described by Solem ==
* ''[Aslintesta](/source/Aslintesta) Solem, 1992''
* ''[Caperantrum](/source/Caperantrum) Solem, 1997''
* ''[Carinotrachia](/source/Carinotrachia) Solem, 1985''
* ''[Cooperconcha](/source/Cooperconcha) Solem, 1992''
* ''[Cristilabrum](/source/Cristilabrum) Solem, 1981''
* ''[Falspleuroxia](/source/Falspleuroxia) Solem, 1997''
* ''[Kendrickia](/source/Kendrickia_(gastropod)) Solem, 1985''
* ''[Melostrachia](/source/Melostrachia) Solem, 1979''
* ''[Mesodontrachia](/source/Mesodontrachia) Solem, 1985''
* ''[Micromelon](/source/Micromelon) Solem, 1992''
* ''[Minimelon](/source/Minimelon) Solem, 1993''
* ''[Montanomelon](/source/Montanomelon) Solem, 1993''
* ''[Mouldingia](/source/Mouldingia) Solem, 1984''
* ''[Ningbingia](/source/Ningbingia) Solem, 1981''
* ''[Orangia](/source/Orangia)'' Solem, 1976
* ''[Ordtrachia](/source/Ordtrachia) Solem, 1984''
* ''[Promonturconchum](/source/Promonturconchum) Solem, 1997''
* ''[Prototrachia](/source/Prototrachia) Solem, 1984''
* ''[Prymnbriareus](/source/Prymnbriareus) Solem, 1981''
* ''[Pseudcupedora](/source/Pseudcupedora) Solem, 1992''
* ''[Retroterra](/source/Retroterra) Solem, 1985''
* ''[Strepsitaurus](/source/Strepsitaurus) Solem, 1997''
* ''[Tatemelon](/source/Tatemelon) Solem, 1993''
* ''[Turgenitubulus](/source/Turgenitubulus) Solem, 1981''
* ''[Vatusila](/source/Vatusila)'' Solem, 1983
== Bibliography ==
* Solem, A. 1955. Mexican molluscs collected for Dr. Bryant Walker in 1926. XI. Drymaeus. ''Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan'' '''566''': 1–20 pp., pl. 21–25.
* Solem, A. 1956. The helicoid cyclophorid mollusks of Mexico. ''Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia'' '''108''': 41-59, pl. 45, 46.
* Solem, A. 1957. Philippine Zoological Expedition 1946-1947. Philippine snails of the family Endodontidae. ''Fieldiana Zoology'' '''41''': 1-12.
* Solem, A. 1958. Endodontide Landschnecken von Indonesien und Neu Guinea. ''Archiv für Molluskenkunde'' '''87''': 19-26.
* Solem, A. 1959. Notes on Mexican mollusks. II. ''Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan'' '''611''': 15 pp.
* Solem, A. 1961. New Caledonian land and fresh-water snails. An annotated check list. ''Fieldiana: Zoology'' '''41'''(3): 415–501.
* Laidlaw, F.F., Solem, A. 1961. The land snail genus ''Amphidromus''. A syntopic catalogue. ''Fieldiana Zoology'' '''41''': 506-677.
* Solem, A. 1964. A collection of non-marine molluscs from Sabah. ''Sabah Society Journal'' '''11''': 1-40.
* Solem, A. 1966. Some non-marine mollusks from Thailand, with notes on classification of the Helicarionidae. ''Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis'' '''24''': 1-110.
* Solem, A. 1968. "''Ptychodon''" ''misoolensis'' Adam and Van Benthem Jutting, 1939, A New Guinea ''Strobilopsis'' land snail and review of the genus ''Enteroplax''. ''Veliger'' '''11''': 24-30.
* Solem, A. 1974. ''The shell makers: introducing mollusks.'' New York: John Wiley & Sons. xiv + 289 pp.
* Solem, A. 1975. Notes on Salmon River oreohelicid land snails, with description of ''Oreohelix waltoni. The Veliger'' '''18'''(1): 16-30.
* Solem, A. 1975. ''Polygyriscus virginianus'' (Burch, 1947) a helicodiscid land snail (Pulmonata: Helicodiscidae). ''The Nautilus'' '''89'''(3): 80–86.
* Solem, A. 1976. Comments on eastern North American Polygyridae. ''The Nautilus'' '''90'''(1): 25-36.
* Solem, A. 1976. ''Endodontoid land snails from Pacific islands (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Sigmurethra). Part I, Family Endodontidae.'' Chicago, Illinois: Field Museum of Natural History. i-xii, 1-508 pp.
* Solem, A. 1976. Species criteria in ''Anguispira (Anguispira)'' (Pulmonata: Discidae). ''The Nautilus'' '''90'''(1): 15–23.
* Solem, A. 1977. ''Radiodiscus hubrichti'' Branson, 1975, a synonym of ''Striatura pugetensis'' (Dall, 1895) (Pulmonata: Zonitidae). ''The Nautilus'' '''91'''(4): 146-148.
* Solem, A. 1977. Shell microsculpture in ''Striatura, Punctum, Radiodiscus'', and ''Planogyra'' (Pulmonata). ''The Nautilus'' '''91'''(4): 149-155.
* Solem, A. 1978. Cretaceous and Early Tertiary camaenid land snails from Western North America (Mollusca: Pulmonata). ''Journal of Paleontology'' '''52''': 581-589.
* Solem, A., Yochelson, E.L. 1979. North American Palaeozoic land snails, with a summary of other Palaeozoic non-marine snails. ''United States Geological Survey, Professional Paper'' '''1072''': 1-42.
* Solem, A. 1979. [https://archive.org/details/somemollusksfrom01fiel "Some mollusks from Afghanistan"]. ''[Fieldiana Zoology](/source/Fieldiana_Zoology)'' new series '''1''': 1-89.
* Solem, A. 1979. Camaenid land snails from Western and central Australia (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Camaenidae). I. Taxa with trans-Australian distribution. ''Records of the Western Australian Museum Suppl.'' '''10''': 5-142.
* Solem, A., van der Spoel, S. Van Bruggen, A.C., Lever, J. 1979. A theory of land snail biogeographic patterns through time. In: ''Pathways in Malacology''. Utrecht: Scheltema & Holkema.
* Solem, A. 1981. Camaenid land snails from Western and central Australia (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Camaenidae). II. Taxa from the Kimberley, ''Amplirhagada'' Iredale 1933. ''Records of the Western Australian Museum Suppl.'' '''11''': 147-320.
* Solem, A. 1981. Camaenid land snails from Western and central Australia (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Camaenidae). III. Taxa from the Ningbing Ranges and nearby areas. ''Records of the Western Australian Museum Suppl''. '''11''': 321-425.
* Solem, A., W.K. Emerson, B. Roth and F.G. Thompson. 1981. Standards for malacological collections. ''Curator'' '''24'''(1): 19-28.
* Solem A. (7 January 1983) [https://archive.org/details/endodontoidlands02sole "Endodontoid land snails from Pacific Islands (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Sigmurethra). Part II. Families Punctidae and Charopidae, Zoogeography"]. ''Fieldiana Zoology'', [Field Museum of Natural History](/source/Field_Museum_of_Natural_History), Chicago, ISSN 0015-0754.
* Solem, A., Tillier, A., Mordan, P. 1984. Pseudo-operculate pulmonate land snails from New Caledonia. ''Veliger'' '''27''': 193-199.
* Solem, A., Christensen, C. 1984. Camaenid land snail reproductive cycle and growth patterns in semiarid area of north-western Australia. ''Australian Journal of Zoology'' '''32''': 471-491.
* Solem, A. 1984. Camaenid land snails from Western and central Australia (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Camaenidae). IV. Taxa from the Kimberley, ''Westraltrachia'' Iredale, 1933 and related genera. ''Records of the Western Australian Museum Suppl''. '''17''': 427-705.
* Solem, A. 1985. Simultaneous character convergence and divergence in Western Australian land snails. ''Biological Journal of the Linnean Society'' '''24''': 143-136.
* Solem, A. 1985. Camaenid land snails from Western and central Australia (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Camaenidae). V. Remaining Kimberley genera and addenda to the Kimberley. ''Records of the Western Australian Museum Suppl''. '''20''': 707-981.
* Solem, A. 1988. New camaenid land snails from the northeast Kimberley, Western Australia. ''Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia'' '''9''': 27-58.
* Solem, A. 1988. Maximum in the minimum: Biogeography of land snails from the Ningbing Ranges and Jeremiah Hills, northeast Kimberley, Western Australia. ''Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia'' '''9''': 59-113.
* Solem, A. 1989. Non-camaenid land snails of the Kimberley and Northern Territory, Australia. I. Affinities and ranges. ''Invertebrate Taxonomy'' '''2''': 455-604.
* Solem, A. 1991. Land snails of Kimberley rainforest patches and biogeography of all Kimberley landsnails. In: McKenzie, N.L., Johnston, R.B., Kendrick, P.G. (eds), ''Kimberley rainforests of Australia''. Canberra: Surrey Beatty & Sons and Department of Conservation and Land Management Western Australia.
* Solem, A., McKenzie, N.L, 1991. The composition of land snail assemblages in Kimberley rainforests. In: McKenzie, N.L., Johnston, R.B., Kendrick, P.G. (eds), ''Kimberley rainforests of Australia''. Canberra: Surrey Beatty & Sons and Department of Conservation and Land Management Western Australia.
* Solem, A. 1991. The next challenge: Life styles and evolution. ''American Malacological Bulletin'' '''8'''(2): 173-175.
* Solem, A. 1992. Camaenid land snails from southern and eastern Australia, excluding Kangaroo Island. ''Records of the South Australian Museum, Monogr.Ser.'' '''2''': 1-425.
* Solem, A. 1993. Camaenid land snails from Western and central Australia (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Camaenidae). VI. Taxa from the Red Centre. ''Records of the Western Australian Museum Suppl''. '''43''': 983-1489.
* Solem, A. 1997. Camaenid land snails from Western and central Australia (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Camaenidae). VII. Taxa from Dampierland through the Nullarbor.'' Records of the Western Australian Museum Suppl''. '''50''': 1461-1906.
* Solem, A. 1998. Family Camaenidae. In: Beesley, P.L., Ross, G.J.B., Wells, A. (eds), ''Mollusca: The Southern Synthesis''. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
(chronologically)
* Williams P. (1978). "Solem and snails". ''Field Museum of Natural History Bulletin'' '''49'''(10): 16-19.
* Backhuys W. (1990). "Obituary: Alan George [sic] Solem (1931–1990)". ''The Papustyla'', Manus Landsnail Society, April 1990: 1.
* [Ponder W. F.](/source/Winston_Ponder) & Stanisic J. (1990). "Obituary – G. Alan Solem". ''Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia'' '''11''': 1-7.
* Raeihle D. (1990). "George Alan Solem". ''New York Shell Club Notes'' '''315''': 2-3.
* Scheu L. & Goldberg R. L. (1990). "Alan Solem and the shell makers". ''American Conchologist'' '''September 1990''': 9-11.
* Wenzel R. L. (1990). "G. Alan Solem, 1931- 1990". ''Field Museum of Natural History Bulletin'' '''61'''(3): 8-10.
* Colman P. (1990). "Vale Alan Solem 21 July 1931 – 27 February 1990". ''Australian Shell News'' '''70''': 5.
* Girardi E.-L. (1991). "A bibliography and brief biography of G. Alan Solem 1931- 1990". ''The Veliger'' '''34'''(4): 317-323
* Wells F. (1996). "Alan Solem honoured". ''Australian Shell News'' '''93''': 3.
== External links ==
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Alan Solem}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121016052119/http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/taxa/CAMAENIDAE/checklist#selected List of Australian land snails] at [Australian Faunal Directory](/source/Australian_Faunal_Directory)
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Category:American malacologists
Category:1931 births
Category:1990 deaths
Category:20th-century American zoologists
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Alan Solem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Solem) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Solem?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.