# Al-Duri

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{{Short description|Arab canonical reciter of the Qur'an (767–860)}}
{{Infobox scholar
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| name               = Ad-Duri
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| birth_date         = 767CE<br />150AH
| birth_place        = Samarra
| death_date         = 860CE<br />246AH
| death_place        = Baghdad
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| other_names        = Abu ‘Amr Hafs Ibn ‘Umar Ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz al-Baghdadi
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'''Abu ‘Amr Hafs Ibn ‘Umar Ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz al-Baghdadi''', better known as '''Al-Duri''' (767-860 CE; 150-246 AH),<ref name=ten>Muhammad Ghoniem and MSM Saifullah, [http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Quran/Text/Qiraat/the10.html The Ten Readers & Their Transmitters]. (c) Islamic Awareness. Updated January 8, 2002; accessed April 11, 2016.</ref><ref name=shady129>Shady Hekmat Nasser, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Kx7i2Y56WuYC&dq=aasim+qira%27ah&pg=PA57 Ibn Mujahid and the Canonization of the Seven Readings], p. 129. Taken from ''The Transmission of the Variant Readings of the  Qur'an: The Problem of Tawaatur and the Emergence of Shawaadhdh''. [Leiden](/source/Leiden): [Brill Publishers](/source/Brill_Publishers), 2012. {{ISBN|9789004240810}}</ref> was a significant figure in the transmission of the [Qira'at](/source/Qira'at), or methods of reciting the [Qur'an](/source/Qur'an).<ref name=khal>[Ibn Khallikan](/source/Ibn_Khallikan), [https://books.google.com/books?id=D9jd70CULyYC&dq=hamza+ibn+habib&pg=PA478 Deaths of Eminent Men and History of the Sons of the Epoch], vol. 4, pg. 401. Trns. [William McGuckin de Slane](/source/William_McGuckin_de_Slane). [Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland](/source/Royal_Asiatic_Society_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland), 1843.</ref><ref name=Umayyad>[Alfred Felix Landon Beeston](/source/Alfred_Felix_Landon_Beeston), [https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0QkhaK4kBUC&dq=qunbul&pg=PA244 Arabic Literature to the End of the Umayyad Period], pg. 244. [Cambridge](/source/Cambridge): [Cambridge University Press](/source/Cambridge_University_Press), 1983. {{ISBN|9780521240154}}</ref> Of the seven canonical reciters, al-Duri was a transmitter for two entirely separate methods: that of [Abu 'Amr ibn al-'Ala'](/source/Abu_'Amr_ibn_al-'Ala') and that of [Al-Kisa'i](/source/Al-Kisa'i).<ref>[Theodor Nöldeke](/source/Theodor_N%C3%B6ldeke), [Friedrich Schwally](/source/Friedrich_Schwally), [Gotthelf Bergsträsser](/source/Gotthelf_Bergstr%C3%A4sser) and [Otto Pretzl](/source/Otto_Pretzl). [https://books.google.com/books?id=uKEHNcrPC9cC&dq=qunbul&pg=PA530 The History of the Qur'an], pg. 530. Ed. Wolfgang H. Behn. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 2013. {{ISBN|9789004228795}}</ref><ref name=guide>[http://propheticguidance.co.uk/imam-ibn-kathir-al-makki/ Imām ibn Kathīr al-Makkī] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706231738/http://propheticguidance.co.uk/imam-ibn-kathir-al-makki/ |date=2016-07-06 }}. © 2013 Prophetic Guidance. Published June 16, 2013. Accessed April 13, 2016.</ref> He was a direct disciple of the latter and an indirect disciple of the former due to a generational gap.<ref name=malay>Peter G. Riddell, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Tq1v_V4haj4C&dq=nafi%27+al+madani&pg=PA164 Early Malay Qur'anic exegical activity], p. 164. Taken from ''Islam and the Malay-Indonesian World: Transmission and Responses''. London: [C. Hurst & Co.](/source/C._Hurst_%26_Co.), 2001. {{ISBN|9781850653363}}</ref> al-Duri transmits Abu 'Amr's recitation through Abu Muhammad Yahya ibn al-Mubarak ibn a-Mughirah al-Yazidi (d. 202 AH).<ref>al-Qur'an Riwayat al-Duri 'an Abu 'Amr al-Basri. Masjid al-Nabawi, [https://app.quranflash.com/book/Douri?en#/reader/chapter/524?vi=0 pg. 524]</ref> Learned men were said to have travelled from different countries to learn both Qur'an recitation as well as [Hadith](/source/Hadith) from him.<ref name=khal/> Among his students in recitation were [Muhammad bin Dawud al-Zahiri](/source/Muhammad_bin_Dawud_al-Zahiri) and [Niftawayh](/source/Niftawayh).<ref>[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari](/source/Muhammad_ibn_Jarir_al-Tabari), ''[History of the Prophets and Kings](/source/History_of_the_Prophets_and_Kings)'', trans. [Franz Rosenthal](/source/Franz_Rosenthal). Vol. 1: General Introduction and From the Creation to the Flood, pg. 58. [Albany](/source/Albany%2C_New_York): [SUNY Press](/source/SUNY_Press), 1989.</ref>

Al-Duri was born in [Samarra](/source/Samarra) in the year 767CE,<ref name=malay/> died in [Baghdad](/source/Baghdad) during the month of [Shawwal](/source/Shawwal) in the year 860CE.<ref name=shady129/><ref name=Umayyad/><ref name=malay/> Though he was born and grew up in Samarra, his roots were traced to his city of death and he was a member of the Arabian tribe of [Azd](/source/Azd).<ref name=khal/> A simple and pious man, he lost his sight in his old age.<ref name=khal/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Quranic qira'ates}}
{{Authority control}}

Category:767 births
Category:860 deaths
Category:8th-century Arab people
Category:9th-century Arab people
Category:Quranic readings
Category:Azd
Category:People from Samarra
Category:People from Baghdad

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{{Iraq-reli-bio-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Al-Duri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Duri) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Duri?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.