# Al-Ba'ath

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Arabic language newspaper

Al-Ba'ath البعث The first page of the first issue of newspaper Type Daily newspaper Format Compact Owner Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party Publisher Abdullah al-Ahmar Founded 1948; 78 years ago (1948) Ceased publication 2024; 2 years ago (2024) Political alignment Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region Language Arabic Headquarters Damascus, Syria Country Ba'athist Syria Website albaathmedia.sy/

Part of a series on Ba'athism Organizations Arab Ba'ath Arab Ba'ath Movement Ba'ath Party Ba'ath Party (pro-Iraqi) Ba'ath Party (pro-Syrian) Variants Neo-Ba'athism Assadism Saddamism People Aflaq al-Arsuzi Assad (Bashar) Assad (Hafez) al-Bakr Bitar al-Douri Ghanim Hussein Jadid al-Rikabi Rimawi Literature On the Way of Resurrection (1943) The Battle for One Destiny (1958) The Genius of Arabic in Its Tongue (1943) History Ba'athist Iraq Attempted assassination of Abdul-Karim Qasim Ramadan Revolution November 1963 coup d'état 17 July Revolution 1979 Ba'ath Party Purge Iran–Iraq War Gulf War Sanctions Iraq War De-Ba'athification Ba'athist Syria Syrian Committee to Help Iraq 1963 coup d'état 1966 coup d'état Syrian invasion of Jordan Corrective Revolution Intervention in Lebanon Syrian occupation of Lebanon Syrian civil war Fall of the Assad regime Regional organizations Algeria pro-Iraq pro-Syria Bahrain pro-Iraq pro-Syria Egypt pro-Iraq pro-Syria Iraq pro-Iraq pro-Syria Jordan pro-Iraq pro-Syria Kuwait pro-Iraq Lebanon pro-Iraq pro-Syria Libya pro-Iraq Mauritania pro-Iraq pro-Syria Palestine pro-Iraq pro-Syria Sudan pro-Iraq pro-Syria Syria pro-Iraq pro-Syria Tunisia pro-Iraq pro-Syria Yemen pro-Iraq pro-Syria Splinter groups Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party Socialist Lebanon Arab Revolutionary Workers Party Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party Sudanese Ba'ath Party Armed groups Arab Liberation Front Al-Awda Al-Abud Network Jeish Muhammad Rejectionists Snake Party Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation Naqshbandi Army General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries Free Iraqi Army Related topics Arab nationalism Arab socialism Assadist–Saddamist conflict Nasserism Pan-Arabism Waḥda, Ḥurriyya, Ishtirākiyya Politics portal Socialism portal v t e

***Al-Ba'ath*** ([Arabic](/source/Arabic_language): البعث, [lit.](/source/Literal_translation) 'The Resurrection') was an [Arabic language](/source/Arabic_language) [newspaper](/source/Newspaper) published by the [Ba'ath Party](/source/Arab_Socialist_Ba'ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region) in [Syria](/source/Syria) and other Arab countries and territories, including [Lebanon](/source/Lebanon) and [Palestine](/source/Palestine).

## History

*Al-Ba'ath* was founded in 1948[1] (according to other sources, in 1946[2][3][4]), but the newspaper applied for a publishing license as early as 1943,[5] as an organ of the [Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party of Syria](/source/Arab_Socialist_Ba'ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region).[6] The government's main condition at the time was that the newspaper not be named after the party (which ultimately did not happen). At the time of its founding, [Michel Aflaq](/source/Michel_Aflaq) became the newspaper's political director, and [Salah ad-Din al-Bitar](/source/Salah_al-Din_al-Bitar) became the executive director.[5] In 1962, the newspaper was ordered closed, but the [Ba'athists](/source/Ba'athism) failed to be suppressed - the party's national command continued and intensified its attacks on the government, clearly demonstrating its hostility towards it.[7]

### Ba'ath party rule

After the [Ba'ath Party](/source/Ba'ath_Party) came to power [in 1963](/source/1963_Syrian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat), the number of newspapers permitted for publication was greatly reduced - previously this figure had reached 74, but now only three were permitted for publication: *[al-Thawra](/source/Al-Thawra_(newspaper))*, *[Tishreen](/source/Freedom_(Syrian_newspaper))* and *Al-Ba'ath* (little-known and regional newspapers are not taken into account).[8] In 1965, the daily circulation of the newspaper was estimated at 10,000 copies.[9] The newspaper was described as socialist but anti-[Nasserist](/source/Nasserism):[9] For example, the newspaper stated that the [union](/source/United_Arab_Republic) between Syria and [Egypt](/source/Egypt) "only is wrong and harmful", and was "surrender to emotionalism of masses".[10] The newspaper also announced in 1966 the transformation of the [army](/source/Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces) into an ideological instrument to achieve the transition to [socialism](/source/Socialism). On October 19 of the same year, the newspaper announced the recent formation and mobilization of the Syrian People's Army and the workers' and peasants' militia with the aim of "protect the revolution against its enemies at home and abroad."[11] After the [Syrian intervention](/source/Syrian_intervention_in_the_Lebanese_Civil_War) started in 1976, the newspaper began covering the [Lebanese Civil War](/source/Lebanese_Civil_War).[12][13] *Al-Ba'ath* newspaper also made repeated attacks on leader of [Ba'athist Iraq](/source/Ba'athist_Iraq), [Saddam Hussein](/source/Saddam_Hussein), with whom Syria had [serious disagreements](/source/Assadist%E2%80%93Saddamist_conflict): for example, in 1980 it called him a pervert.[14]

In addition to the daily, there are also three more state-owned papers in Syria: *[Al Thawra](/source/Al-Thawra_(newspaper))*, *[Tishreen](/source/Tishreen_(newspaper))* and *[Syria Times](/source/Syria_Times)*.[15][*[needs update?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items)*] *Al-Ba'ath* is based in [Damascus](/source/Damascus).[16] From 2002 to 2004 [Mahdi Dakhlallah](/source/Mahdi_Dakhlallah) was the [editor-in-chief](/source/Editor-in-chief) of *Al-Ba'ath*.[17][18]

### Syrian civil war and the fall of the Ba'athist regime

The newspaper became one of the main sources of government propaganda. In 2011, before the revolution [came to Syria](/source/Syrian_revolution), *Al-Ba'ath* newspaper enthusiastically celebrated the regional uprisings of the Arab Spring and even the overthrow of autocrats (especially [Egyptian dictator](/source/Lists_of_rulers_of_Egypt) [Hosni Mubarak](/source/Hosni_Mubarak)).[19] Since the start of the [Syrian civil war](/source/Syrian_civil_war), it has constantly reported on famine and economic problems in countries that took actions against [Bashar al-Assad](/source/Bashar_al-Assad)'s regime.[20] The Ba'ath Media platform and *Al-Ba'ath* newspaper website stopped publishing news or reports since 7 December 2024.[21] Following the [fall of the Assad regime](/source/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime), the [editorial board](/source/Editorial_board) of *Al-Ba'ath* published a statement on its [Facebook](/source/Facebook) announcing its support "with our media, electronic platforms, various institutions and our branches in the governorates and outside Syria, for the [transitional phase](/source/Syrian_caretaker_government) that promises to preserve the unity of Syria, land and people, and to guarantee the safety of its territories…".[22]

## See also

- [List of newspapers in Syria](/source/List_of_newspapers_in_Syria)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Dany Badran (2013). "Democracy and Rhetoric in the Arab World". *The Journal of the Middle East and Africa*. **4** (1): 65–86. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/21520844.2013.772685](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F21520844.2013.772685). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [143657988](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143657988).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["الصفحة الأولى من العدد الأول لصحيفة البعث 1946"](https://syrmh.com/2019/04/20/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%81%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%81%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84/). *التاريخ السوري المعاصر* (in Arabic). 19 April 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Moubayed, Sami M. (2006). [*Steel & Silk: Men and Women who Shaped Syria 1900-2000*](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Steel_Silk/sC-xU8QHSooC?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=syrian+al-baath+newspaper&pg=PA213&printsec=frontcover). Cune Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-885942-40-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-885942-40-1).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Al-Azdee, Mohammed H. S. Mohammed (2009). [*The Syrian Press Agenda of Bias Associated with Israel*](https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Syrian_Press_Agenda_of_Bias_Associat/zT8eAQAAMAAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&bsq=syrian+al-baath+newspaper&dq=syrian+al-baath+newspaper&printsec=frontcover). Indiana University, School of Journalism.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_5-1) ["صحيفة البعث"](https://syrmh.com/2023/12/21/%d8%b5%d8%ad%d9%8a%d9%81%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%ab/). *التاريخ السوري المعاصر* (in Arabic). 21 December 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** David Commins; David W. Lesch (2013). [*Historical Dictionary of Syria*](https://books.google.com/books?id=wpBWAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA252). Scarecrow Press. p. 252. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8108-7966-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7966-9).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Heydemann, Steven (18 October 2018). [*Authoritarianism in Syria: Institutions and Social Conflict, 1946–1970*](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Authoritarianism_in_Syria/3SVzDwAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=syrian+al-baath+newspaper&pg=PA153&printsec=frontcover). Cornell University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-5017-2561-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-2561-6).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Eddin, Eylaf Bader (20 November 2023). [*Translating the Language of the Syrian Revolution (2011/12)*](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Translating_the_Language_of_the_Syrian_R/bLbiEAAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=syrian+al-baath+newspaper&pg=PA75&printsec=frontcover). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-3-11-076769-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-076769-8).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_9-1) Division, American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Areas Studies (1970). [*Area Handbook for Syria*](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Area_Handbook_for_Syria/ZO8zkgH7rkYC?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=syrian+al-baath+newspaper&pg=PA221&printsec=frontcover). U.S. Government Printing Office.{{[cite book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book)}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Hofstadter, Dan (1973). [*Egypt & Nasser: 1957-66*](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Egypt_Nasser_1957_66/QzyPAAAAIAAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&bsq=syrian+al-baath+newspaper&dq=syrian+al-baath+newspaper&printsec=frontcover). Facts on File. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-87196-204-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87196-204-1).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Farnham, Barbara (1994). [*Avoiding Losses/taking Risks: Prospect Theory and International Conflict*](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Avoiding_Losses_taking_Risks/RH5SZHYfMI4C?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=syrian+al-baath+newspaper&pg=PA105&printsec=frontcover). University of Michigan Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-472-08276-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-08276-6).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Ibrahim, Sonallah (11 September 2014). [*Beirut, Beirut: A novel of love & war*](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Beirut_Beirut/2KtOBAAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=syrian+al-baath+newspaper&pg=PT213&printsec=frontcover). Bloomsbury Publishing. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-9927-101-34-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9927-101-34-2).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Deeb, M. (3 July 2003). [*Syria’s Terrorist War on Lebanon and the Peace Process*](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Syria_s_Terrorist_War_on_Lebanon_and_the/nTHIAAAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=syrian+al-baath+newspaper&pg=PA199&printsec=frontcover). Springer. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4039-8096-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-8096-0).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Blum, Yehuda Zvi (1987). [*For Zion's Sake*](https://www.google.com/books/edition/For_Zion_s_Sake/tlCHQ6LU988C?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=syrian+al-baath+newspaper&pg=PA91&printsec=frontcover). Associated University Presse. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8453-4809-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8453-4809-3).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Ghadbian, Najib (Summer 2001). ["Contesting the state media monopoly: Syria on Al Jazira Television"](https://web.archive.org/web/20131004221902/http://www.gloria-center.org/meria/2001/06/ghadbian.pdf) (PDF). *Meria*. **5** (2). Archived from [the original](http://www.gloria-center.org/meria/2001/06/ghadbian.pdf) (PDF) on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-cooke2007_16-0)** Miriam Cooke (2007). [*Dissident Syria: Making Oppositional Arts Official*](https://books.google.com/books?id=VsaC40CnhcoC&pg=PA8). Duke University Press. p. 8. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8223-4035-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-4035-5).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** Blanford, Nicholas (28 November 2004). ["Censors ease up on Syrian press"](https://www.csmonitor.com/2004/1228/p06s01-wome.html). *The Christian Science Monitor*. Damascus. Retrieved 2 October 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** Aji, Albert (5 October 2004). ["Syria ousts 8 Cabinet ministers in shakeup"](http://archive.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2004/10/05/syria_ousts_8_cabinet_ministers_in_shakeup/). *The Boston Globe*. Damascus. AP. Retrieved 2 October 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** Daher, Joseph (22 February 2020). [*Syria After the Uprisings: The Political Economy of State Resilience*](https://www.google.com/books/edition/Syria_After_the_Uprisings/qfzRDwAAQBAJ?hl=ru&gbpv=1&dq=syrian+al-baath+newspaper&pg=PA2014-IA3&printsec=frontcover). Haymarket Books. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-64259-416-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64259-416-4).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** ["Europe starves, Americans are mentally ill: Syrian state media"](https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2022/05/europe-starves-americans-are-mentally-ill-syrian-state-media/). *Enab Baladi*. 12 May 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** ["ارتباك في الصحف السورية الموالية لنظام الأسد"](https://www.alaraby.co.uk/entertainment_media/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF) [Confusion in Syrian newspapers loyal to the Assad regime]. *[Al-Araby Al-Jadeed](/source/Al-Araby_Al-Jadeed)* (in Arabic). 10 December 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** Yousef, Al-Ali (9 December 2024). ["Statement of the Editorial Board of Dar Al-Baath"](https://web.archive.org/web/20241209161259/https://newspaper.albaathmedia.sy/2024/12/09/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86/). *Al-Ba'ath* (in Arabic). Archived from [the original](https://newspaper.albaathmedia.sy/2024/12/09/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86/) on 9 December 2024.

## External links

- (in Arabic) *[Al-Ba'ath](http://www.albaath.news.sy/user/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120223060418/http://www.albaath.news.sy/user/) 23 February 2012 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)*

v t e Newspapers in Syria National newspapers Al-Hurriya Al-Thawra Al-Souria Al-Watan Baladna Enab Baladi Political parties' newspapers Al-Ba'ath An Nour Sawt ash-Shaab Al-Wahdawi

v t e Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party Iraqi-dominated faction Syrian-dominated faction History Predecessors Arab Ba'ath Arab Ba'ath Movement Arab Socialist Movement Syrian Committee to Help Iraq Founders Michel Aflaq Salah al-Din al-Bitar Pre-split 1954 Syrian coup d'état 14 July Revolution 1959 Mosul uprising Attempted assassination of Abdul-Karim Qasim 1961 Syrian coup d'état Ramadan Revolution 1963 Syrian coup d'état Ba'athist Syria Politics National Council for the Revolutionary Command Ar-Rashid revolt November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 1964 Hama riot 1966 Syrian coup d'état Post-split 17 July Revolution Ba'athist Iraq Revolutionary Command Council Members Arab Belt Corrective Revolution Corrective Movement Union of Arab Republics Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq 1979 Ba'ath Party Purge Assadist–Saddamist conflict 1984 Syrian coup attempt 8th Regional Congress of the Syrian Ba'ath Party Faith Campaign Iraqi conflict De-Ba'athification in Iraq Ba'ath Party archives Syrian civil war Fall of the Assad regime Leadership General Secretaries Pre-split Michel Aflaq Munif Razzaz Iraqi-dominated faction Michel Aflaq Saddam Hussein Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Salah Al-Mukhtar* Syrian-dominated faction Nureddin al-Atassi Hafez al-Assad Abdullah al-Ahmar (de facto) Bashar al-Assad Regional Secretaries Iraq Fuad al-Rikabi Talib El-Shibib Ali Salih al-Sa'di Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed* Jordan Abdullah Rimawi Munif Razzaz Akram al-Homsi* Lebanon Assem Qanso Abd al-Majid al-Rafei Palestine Isam al-Qadi Rakad Salem* Syria Hammud al-Shufi Shibli al-Aysami Amin al-Hafiz Nureddin al-Atassi Hafez al-Assad Bashar al-Assad Members of the National Command Hadiya Khalaf Abbas Michel Aflaq Abdullah al-Ahmar Zaki al-Arsuzi Bashar al-Assad Hafez al-Assad Nureddin al-Atassi Mansur al-Atrash Shibli al-Aysami Ali Abdullah Ayyoub Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Salah al-Din al-Bitar Elias Farah Hakem Al-Fayez Wahib al-Ghanim Amin al-Hafiz Akram al-Hourani Salah Jadid Zuheir Mohsen Munif Razzaz Fuad al-Rikabi Abdullah Rimawi Ali Salih al-Sa'di Talib El-Shibib Khaled Yashruti Members of the Regional Commands Iraq Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur Ghanim Abdul-Jalil Saad Abdul-Majid Jamal Mustafa Abdullah Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed Salah Omar al-Ali Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash Salih Mahdi Ammash Hussein Al-Awadi Tariq Aziz Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Adil Abdullah Mahdi Al-Douri Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri Saadoun Ghaidan Fadil Mahmud Gharib Mizban Khadr al-Hadi Sa'dun Hammadi Qusay Hussein Saddam Hussein Latif Nassif Jassim Rashid Taan Kazim Adnan Khayr Allah Ali Hassan al-Majid Muhyi Abdul-Hussein Mashhadi Samir Abdul Aziz al-Najim Aziz Saleh Al-Numan Ghazi Hamoud Al-Obaidi Taha Yassin Ramadan Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi Rashid al-Rifai Fuad al-Rikabi Ali Salih al-Sa'di Abd Al-Baqi Abd Karim Al-Sadun Muhammad Zimam al-Sadun Abdul Khaliq al-Samarra'i Abdullah Sallum al-Samarra'i Talib El-Shibib Nayef Shindakh Thamer Khamis Sirhan Hardan al-Tikriti Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi Tahir Yahya Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi Ibrahim Hesqel Lebanon Musa Shuaib Syria Hadiya Khalaf Abbas Abdullah al-Ahmar Hussein Arnous Bashar al-Assad Hafez al-Assad Maher al-Assad Rifaat al-Assad Nureddin al-Atassi Shibli al-Aysami Ali Abdullah Ayyoub Mahmoud al-Ayyubi Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan Muhsen Bilal Mahdi Dakhlallah Ahmad Diyab Ali Duba Fahd Jassem al-Freij Marwan Habash Ibrahim al-Hadid Amin al-Hafiz Muhammad Ali al-Halabi Wael Nader al-Halqi Adnan Badr Hassan Salim Hatum Hilal Hilal Mohammad al-Hussein Hisham Ikhtiyar Salah Jadid Abdul-Karim al-Jundi Sami al-Jundi Abdul Rauf al-Kasm Abdul Halim Khaddam Imad Khamis Ahmad al-Khatib Abdul Rahman Khleifawi Mohammad Jihad al-Laham Ibrahim Makhous Zuhair Masharqa Muhammad Mustafa Mero Muhammad Naji al-Otari Abdul Qadir Qaddura Hammouda Sabbagh Farouk al-Sharaa Hikmat al-Shihabi Hammud al-Shufi Mustafa Tlass Hasan Turkmani Muhammad Umran Salim Yasin Mahmoud Al-Zoubi Yusuf Zuayyin Yemen Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab Heads of state Iraq Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein Syria Amin al-Hafiz Nureddin al-Atassi Ahmad al-Khatib Hafez al-Assad Presidency Abdul Halim Khaddam (interim) Bashar al-Assad Presidency Heads of government Iraq Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein Sa'dun Hammadi Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai Syria Salah al-Din al-Bitar Amin al-Hafiz Yusuf Zuayyin Nureddin al-Atassi Hafez al-Assad Abdul Rahman Khleifawi Mahmoud al-Ayyubi Muhammad Ali al-Halabi Abdul Rauf al-Kasm Mahmoud Al-Zoubi Muhammad Mustafa Mero Muhammad Naji al-Otari Adel Safar Riyad Farid Hijab Wael Nader al-Halqi Imad Khamis Hussein Arnous Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali * = incumbent Organization Regional branches Iraqi-dominated faction Algeria Bahrain Egypt Iraq Regional Command Jordan Lebanon Libya Mauritania Palestine Sudan Tunisia Yemen Syrian-dominated faction Jordan Lebanon Mauritania Palestine Yemen Sudan Syria Central Command History National Security Bureau Yemen Committees Control and Inspection Committee Military Committee Newspapers Al-Ba'ath Sawt al-Jamahir Al-Thawra Al-Souria Popular fronts National Progressive Front (Iraq) National Progressive Front (Syria) Wings Paramilitary Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order Ba'ath Brigades Fedayeen Saddam General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries Jaysh Muhammad al-Fatih National Defense Battalions National Defence Forces Popular Army Popular Resistance of the Eastern Region Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation Syrian Popular Resistance Others General Federation of Trade Unions General Union of Peasants National Union of Syrian Students Revolutionary Youth Union Associated organizations Armed groups Al-Abud Network Free Iraqi Army Rejectionists Snake Party Breakaway groups Arab Revolutionary Workers Party Arab Socialist Movement Damascus branch Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party Arabic Toilers' Movement Al-Awda Arab Democratic Socialist Ba'ath Party Palestinian Arab Front Socialist Lebanon Sudanese Ba'ath Party Political alliances Current Alliance of Palestinian Forces Forces of Freedom and Change March 8 Alliance National Consensus Forces National Democratic Alliance Palestine Liberation Organization Palestinian National and Islamic Forces Former Ahd Bloc Front of Patriotic and National Parties Lebanese National Movement Lebanese National Resistance Front National Alliance for the Liberation of Syria National Union Front Palestinian National Alliance Palestinian National Salvation Front Rejectionist Front Political parties Arab Socialist Union Party Arab Democratic Union Party Democratic Socialist Unionist Party Kurdistan Revolutionary Party Libyan National Movement National Covenant Party Popular Unity Party Sawab Social Democratic Unionists Socialist Unionist Party Syrian Communist Party Bakdash Unified Syrian Social Nationalist Party Intifada Wing in Lebanon Miscellaneous Ideology Anti-imperialism Anti-Zionism Arab nationalism Arab socialism Assadism Ba'athism Left-wing populism Neo-Ba'athism Pan-Arabism Progressivism Republicanism Revolutionary socialism Romantic nationalism Saddamism Secularism Socialism Ta'addudiyya Vanguardism Literature The Battle for One Destiny On the Way of Resurrection Symbolism Arḍulfurātayni Pan-Arab colors Waḥda, Ḥurriyya, Ishtirākiyya

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Al-Ba'ath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ba'ath) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ba'ath?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.