# Air classifier

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An **air classifier** is an industrial [machine](/source/Machine) which separates materials by a combination of size, shape, and [density](/source/Density).

It works by injecting the material stream to be sorted into a chamber which contains a column of rising [air](/source/Air). Inside the separation chamber, [air drag](/source/Air_drag) on the objects supplies an upward [force](/source/Force) which counteracts the force of [gravity](/source/Gravity) and lifts the material to be sorted up into the air. Due to the dependence of air drag on object size and shape, the objects in the moving air column are sorted vertically and can be separated in this manner.

Air classifiers are commonly employed in industrial processes where a large volume of mixed materials with differing physical characteristics need to be separated quickly and efficiently. Air classifier is helpful for cement, air pollution control, food processing, pigments, pharmaceutical, cosmetics or chemical industries. One such example is in municipal [recycling](/source/Recycling) centers, where various types of [metal](/source/Metal), [paper](/source/Paper), and [plastics](/source/Plastic) arrive mixed together and need to be sorted before further processing can take place.

Air classifiers can also be used as a step in the automotive recycling process. For example, after the crushing and shredding steps, steel is removed by electromagnets, and nonferrous metals are removed by [eddy-current separators](/source/Eddy_current_separator). Then an air classifier can be used to deal with the remaining dense materials (such as glass) as well as the remaining materials of various densities, most notably plastics, foams, and cloth.

## See also

- [Cyclonic separation](/source/Cyclonic_separation)
- [Elutriation](/source/Elutriation)

## Selected patents

- "Air Classifier". No. 1629594.
- "Air Classifier Assembly". No. 3734287.
- "Air Classifying Process and Air Classifier". No. 4869786.

## Further reading

- Bell Crowe, Patricia & Peirce, J. Jeffrey (March–April 1988). ["Particle Density and Air-Classifier Performance"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110716100021/http://cedb.asce.org/cgi/WWWdisplay.cgi?8801079). *[Journal of Environmental Engineering](/source/Journal_of_Environmental_Engineering)*. **114** (2): 382–399. [doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1988)114:2(382)](https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1988)114:2(382)). Archived from [the original](http://cedb.asce.org/cgi/WWWdisplay.cgi?8801079) on 2011-07-16.
- Wang, Xiaoyan; Ge, Xiaoling; Zhao, Xuehua; Wang, Zhiwen (August 1998). "A model for performance of the centrifugal countercurrent air classifier". *Powder Technology*. **98** (2): 171–176. [doi:10.1016/S0032-5910(98)00040-0](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-5910(98)00040-0)
- Yang, G.; Zheng, D.; Zhou, J.; Zhao, Y.; Chen, Q. (August 2002). "Air classification of moist raw coal in a vibrated fluidized bed". *Minerals Engineering*. **15** (8): 623–625. [Bibcode:2002MiEng..15..623Y](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002MiEng..15..623Y). [doi:10.1016/S0892-6875(02)00057-2](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0892-6875(02)00057-2)
- Aghasaryan, Abgar (Jun 2010). ["Classifying the Best Solution"](http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=22882314). *World Cement*

## External links

- [Classification overview](http://www.malvern.com/ProcessEng/processes/classification/overview.htm)
- [N.N.Zoubov Engineers SMCE Air Classifier / Air separator - how it works.](https://airclassifier.com/n_n_zoubov_engineers_smce_whirlwind_centrifugal_air_classifier_separator_classification.html)
- [Air Classifiers / Air separators - databases.](https://sturtevant.eu/index.html)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Air classifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_classifier) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_classifier?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.