# Agob languages

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The **Agöb languages** are a group of [Pahoturi languages](/source/Pahoturi_language) spoken in eastern [Morehead Rural LLG](/source/Morehead_Rural_LLG), [Western Province](/source/Western_Province,_Papua_New_Guinea), [Papua New Guinea](/source/Papua_New_Guinea). The language varieties include **Agöb** (or **Dabu**), **Ende**,[1] and **Kawam**.[2] Languages in this group, along with the [Idi language](/source/Idi_language), form a dialect chain with the Idi and Agob dialects proper at the ends of the chain.[3]

## Phonology

The following phonology is of the Ende dialect. Ende is a language spoken primarily in the villages of Kinkin, Limol, and Malam by 600 to 1000 speakers.[4] Ende's phoneme inventory includes 19 consonants and 7 vowels.

Ende Consonant inventory Bilabial Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Plosive/Affricate p b t d ʈʂ ɖʐ k g Nasal m n ɲ ŋ Fricative s z Rhotic ɾ~r ɽ Approximant j w Lateral l

Ende/Agob Vowel inventory Front Central Back Close i u Near-close ɪ̈ Mid e ə o Near-open æ Open a

## See also

- [Idi language](/source/Idi_language)

## Bibliography

- Kate Lynn Lindsey and Bernard Comrie. 2020. [Ende (Papua New Guinea) dictionary](https://ids.clld.org/contributions/842). In: Key, Mary Ritchie & Comrie, Bernard (eds.) *The [Intercontinental Dictionary Series](/source/Intercontinental_Dictionary_Series)*. Leipzig: [Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology](/source/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Evolutionary_Anthropology). ([CLDF dataset](https://zenodo.org/record/5127829))

## Notes

1. ["Boston University Linguist Helps Preserve an Endangered Language in Papua New Guinea"](https://www.bu.edu/articles/2026/linguist-helps-preserve-endangered-language-papua-new-guinea/). *Boston University*. Retrieved 2026-04-27.

1. Glottolog.

1. e18

1. Lindsey 2019, p. 123.

## Further reading

- Lindsey, Kate L. "Ende". pp. 1–21. [doi:10.1017/S0025100320000389](https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025100320000389)

## References

- Lindsey, Kate L. (2019). [*Ghost Elements in Ende Phonology*](https://purl.stanford.edu/ys194fp6634) (PhD). Stanford University.
- Lindsey, Kate L. (2021). "Ende". *Journal of the International Phonetic Association*. [doi:10.1017/S0025100320000389](https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025100320000389)
- Lindsey, Kate L. (2025). [*The ende way: short stories and songs from Limol*](https://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/541). Open text collections. Berlin: Language Science Press. ISBN 978-3-96110-545-8.

## External links

- [Faces of the Ende Language Project](https://www.linguisticsociety.org/content/faces-ende-language-project)
- [OLAC resources in and about the Agob language](http://www.language-archives.org/language/kit)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Agob languages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agob_languages) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agob_languages?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.