# Aeridinae > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Aeridinae > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Aeridinae.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeridinae > Source revision: 1354933889 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Subtribe of orchids This article needs more citations. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Aeridinae" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Aeridinae Aerides leeana Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Embryophytes Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Spermatophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Monocots Order: Asparagales Family: Orchidaceae Subfamily: Epidendroideae Tribe: Vandeae Subtribe: Aeridinae Pfitzer (1887)[1] Type genus Aerides Lour.[2] Genera See here Synonyms[3][4][1] Sarcanthinae Benth. Vandinae Rchb.f. Deceptorinae Szlach. Diplocentrinae Szlach. Gastrochilinae Szlach. Pelatantheriinae Szlach. Phalaenopsidinae Szlach. Taeniophyllinae Szlach. In the botanical classification of plants, **Aeridinae** Pfitzer is a [subtribe](/source/Subtribe) of the [tribe](/source/Tribe_(biology)) **[Vandeae](/source/Vandeae)** ([Family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Orchidaceae](/source/Orchidaceae)) whose representatives all have a [monopodial](/source/Monopodial) growth habit and do not possess [pseudobulbs](/source/Pseudobulb). This subtribe is a monophyletic group within Vandeae,[4] and it contains more than 1,300 species in 103 genera, including about 208 (38%) hybrid genera. They occur mostly in Asia with a few in Africa. They are distinguished from the other subtribes of Vandeae by having an entire [rostellum](/source/Rostellum), a relatively small [spur](/source/Spur) formed by the lip, and four (or two) [pollinia](/source/Pollinia).[5] Some of the genera it contains have some of the largest and most spectacular flowers in the whole of the orchid family. Also included in this subtribe are some of the most economically important genera in the horticultural trade, such as *[Phalaenopsis](/source/Phalaenopsis)*[6] and *[Vanda](/source/Vanda)*. ## Leaflessness Aeridinae contains the largest diversity of leafless taxa within the tribe Vandeae. These leafless species of the genera *[Chiloschista](/source/Chiloschista)*, *[Phalaenopsis](/source/Phalaenopsis)*, and *[Taeniophyllum](/source/Taeniophyllum)* (syn. *Microtatorchis*[7]), which is the most species rich genus of Aeridinae with 245 accepted species,[8] exhibit reduced stems and enhanced importance and photosynthetic function of the root system. This extreme reduction of leaves has likely evolved in three to four separate instances within Aeridinae.[4][9] These leafless genera have a tight relationship with fungi of the *[Ceratobasidiaceae](/source/Ceratobasidiaceae)* family.[10] The roots of leafless epiphytic orchids are also heavily colonized by nitrogen-fixating [cyanobacteria](/source/Cyanobacteria), which are thought to supply the plants with [nitrogen](/source/Nitrogen).[11] *[Trichoglottis atropurpurea](/source/Trichoglottis_atropurpurea)* Flowering *[Phalaenopsis taenialis](/source/Phalaenopsis_taenialis)* *[Thrixspermum saruwatarii](/source/Thrixspermum_saruwatarii)* *[Cleisostoma crochetii](/source/Cleisostoma_crochetii)* *[Robiquetia ilocosnortensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robiquetia_ilocosnortensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* ## Taxonomy It was published by [Pfitzer](/source/Pfitzer) in 1887[12][2] with *Aerides* Lour. as the type genus.[2] It has multiple synonyms:[2] - Deceptorinae Szlach. - Diplocentrinae Szlach. - Gastrochilinae Szlach. - Pelatantheriinae Szlach. - Phalaenopsidinae Szlach. - Sarcanthinae Benth. - Taeniophyllinae Szlach. - Vandinae Rchb. f. ## Phylogeny The subtribe Aeridinae is the sister group to the subtribe Angraecinae (incl. Aerangidinae):[13] Vandeae s.l. Aeridinae Angraecinae (including Aerangidinae) Adrorhizinae Polystachyinae ## Genera The following genera are accepted members of the subtribe Aeridinae according to Chase et al., 2015:[14] - *[Acampe](/source/Acampe)* Lindl. - *[Adenoncos](/source/Adenoncos)* Blume - *[Aerides](/source/Aerides)* Lour. - *[Amesiella](/source/Amesiella)* Schltr. ex Garay - *[Arachnis](/source/Arachnis_(plant))* Blume - *[Biermannia](/source/Biermannia)* King & Pantl. - *[Bogoria](/source/Bogoria_(plant))* J.J.Sm. - *[Brachypeza](/source/Brachypeza)* Garay - *[Calymmanthera](/source/Calymmanthera)* Schltr. - *[Ceratocentron](/source/Ceratocentron)* Senghas - *[Chamaeanthus](/source/Chamaeanthus)* Schltr. - *[Chiloschista](/source/Chiloschista)* Lindl. - *[Chroniochilus](/source/Chroniochilus)* J.J.Sm. - *[Cleisocentron](/source/Cleisocentron)* Brühl - *[Cleisomeria](/source/Cleisomeria)* Lindl. ex D.Don - *[Cleisostoma](/source/Cleisostoma)* Blume - *[Cleisostomopsis](/source/Cleisostomopsis)* Seidenf. - *[Cottonia](/source/Cottonia)* Wight - *[Cryptopylos](/source/Cryptopylos)* Garay - *[Deceptor](/source/Deceptor)* Seidenf. - *[Dimorphorchis](/source/Dimorphorchis)* Rolfe - *[Diplocentrum](/source/Diplocentrum)* Lindl. - *[Diploprora](/source/Diploprora)* Hook.f. - *[Dryadorchis](/source/Dryadorchis)* Schltr. - *[Drymoanthus](/source/Drymoanthus)* Nicholls - *[Dyakia](/source/Dyakia_(plant))* Christenson - *[Eclecticus](/source/Eclecticus_(plant))* P.O’Byrne - *[Gastrochilus](/source/Gastrochilus)* D.Don - *[Grosourdya](/source/Grosourdya)* Rchb.f. - *[Gunnarella](/source/Gunnarella)* Senghas - *[Holcoglossum](/source/Holcoglossum)* Schltr. - *[Hymenorchis](/source/Hymenorchis)* Schltr. - *[Jejewoodia](/source/Jejewoodia)* Szlach. - *[Luisia](/source/Luisia)* Gaudich. - *[Macropodanthus](/source/Macropodanthus)* L.O.Williams - *[Micropera](/source/Micropera)* Lindl. - *[Microsaccus](/source/Microsaccus)* Blume - *[Mobilabium](/source/Mobilabium)* Rupp - *[Omoea](/source/Omoea)* Blume - *[Ophioglossella](/source/Ophioglossella)* Schuit. & Ormerod - *[Papilionanthe](/source/Papilionanthe)* Schltr. - *[Papillilabium](/source/Papillilabium)* Dockrill - *[Paraphalaenopsis](/source/Paraphalaenopsis)* A.D.Hawkes - *[Pelatantheria](/source/Pelatantheria)* Ridl. - *[Pennilabium](/source/Pennilabium)* J.J.Sm. - *[Peristeranthus](/source/Peristeranthus)* T.E.Hunt - *[Phalaenopsis](/source/Phalaenopsis)* Blume - *[Phragmorchis](/source/Phragmorchis)* L.O.Williams - *[Plectorrhiza](/source/Plectorrhiza)* Dockrill - *[Pomatocalpa](/source/Pomatocalpa)* Breda - *[Porrorhachis](/source/Porrorhachis)* Garay - *[Pteroceras](/source/Pteroceras)* Hassk. - *[Renanthera](/source/Renanthera)* Lour. - *[Rhinerrhiza](/source/Rhinerrhiza)* Rupp - *[Rhinerrhizopsis](/source/Rhinerrhizopsis)* Ormerod - *[Rhynchogyna](/source/Rhynchogyna)* Seidenf. & Garay - *[Rhynchostylis](/source/Rhynchostylis)* Blume - *[Robiquetia](/source/Robiquetia)* Gaudich. - *[Saccolabiopsis](/source/Saccolabiopsis)* J.J.Sm. - *[Saccolabium](/source/Saccolabium)* Blume - *[Santotomasia](/source/Santotomasia)* Ormerod - *[Sarcanthopsis](/source/Sarcanthopsis)* Garay - *[Sarcochilus](/source/Sarcochilus)* R.Br. - *[Sarcoglyphis](/source/Sarcoglyphis)* Garay - *[Sarcophyton](/source/Sarcophyton_(plant))* Garay - *[Schistotylus](/source/Schistotylus)* Dockrill - *[Schoenorchis](/source/Schoenorchis)* Reinw. ex Blume - *[Seidenfadenia](/source/Seidenfadenia)* Garay - *[Seidenfadeniella](/source/Seidenfadeniella)* C.S.Kumar - *[Singchia](/source/Singchia)* Z.J.Liu & L.J.Chen - *[Smithsonia](/source/Smithsonia)* C.J.Saldanha - *[Smitinandia](/source/Smitinandia)* Holttum - *[Spongiola](/source/Spongiola)* J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb - *[Stereochilus](/source/Stereochilus_(plant))* Lindl. - *[Taeniophyllum](/source/Taeniophyllum)* Blume - *[Taprobanea](/source/Taprobanea)* Christenson - *[Thrixspermum](/source/Thrixspermum)* Lour. - *[Trachoma](/source/Trachoma_(plant))* Garay - *[Trichoglottis](/source/Trichoglottis)* Blume - *[Tuberolabium](/source/Tuberolabium)* Yaman. - *[Uncifera](/source/Uncifera)* Lindl. - *[Vanda](/source/Vanda)* R.Br. - *[Vandopsis](/source/Vandopsis)* Pfitzer However, this classification includes genera, which are not recognized by Plants of the World Online of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: - *Cryptopylos* Garay is a synonym of *[Macropodanthus](/source/Macropodanthus)* L.O.Williams[15] - *Papillilabium* Dockrill is a synonym of *[Plectorrhiza](/source/Plectorrhiza)* Dockrill[16] - *Rhinerrhizopsis* Ormerod is a synonym of *[Bogoria](/source/Bogoria_(plant))* J.J.Sm.[17] - *Schistotylus* Dockrill is a synonym of *Plectorrhiza* Dockrill[16] - *Seidenfadeniella* C.S.Kumar is a synonym of *[Cleisostomopsis](/source/Cleisostomopsis)* Seidenf.[18] - *Singchia* Z.J.Liu & L.J.Chen is a synonym of *[Cleisocentron](/source/Cleisocentron)* Brühl[19] - *Spongiola* J.J.Wood & A.Lamb is a synonym of *[Pennilabium](/source/Pennilabium)* J.J.Sm.[20] Additionally, some new genera have been recognized since the publication from Chase et al., 2015: - *[Cymbilabia](/source/Cymbilabia)* D.K.Liu & Ming H.Li[21] ## References 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Pridgeon_et_al.,_2014_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Pridgeon_et_al.,_2014_1-1) Pridgeon, A., Cribb, P., Rasmussen, F., & Chase, M. (2014). ["Genera Orchidacearum: Epidendroideae."](https://books.google.com/books?id=s9HQAgAAQBAJ&dq=Phalaenopsidinae+Szlach.&pg=PA111) p. 111 Oxford University Press. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Tropicos_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Tropicos_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Tropicos_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Tropicos_2-3) Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-a). Aeridinae Pfitzer. Tropicos. Retrieved December 1, 2024, from [http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/100481635](http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/100481635) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-Zou_et_al._2015_3-0)** Zou, L. H., Huang, J. X., Zhang, G. Q., Liu, Z. J., & Zhuang, X. Y. (2015). ["A molecular phylogeny of Aeridinae (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) inferred from multiple nuclear and chloroplast regions."](https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S1055790315000445?token=C15F11279A46B4F47FEF5BED742CF6CED32DF4B17D42720C863031F4A0BFE9AEEFDEE16C52C3B93F61BB633ED9F91805&originRegion=eu-west-1&originCreation=20221009111735) Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 85, 247-254. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Carlsward_et_al.,_2006_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Carlsward_et_al.,_2006_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Carlsward_et_al.,_2006_4-2) Carlsward, B. S., Whitten, W. M., Williams, N. H., & Bytebier, B. (2006). ["Molecular phylogenetics of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) and the evolution of leaflessness."](https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.3732/ajb.93.5.770) American Journal of Botany, 93(5), 770-786. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Mosquera-Mosquera, Hilda R.; Valencia-Barrera, Rosa M.; Acedo, Carmen (2019-04-08). ["Variation and evolutionary transformation of some characters of the pollinarium and pistil in Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae)"](https://paperity.org/p/192526211/variation-and-evolutionary-transformation-of-some-characters-of-the-pollinarium-and). *Plant Systematics and Evolution*. **305** (5): 353–374. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2019PSyEv.305..353M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019PSyEv.305..353M). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/s00606-019-01575-5](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00606-019-01575-5). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [254060013](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:254060013). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Ko, Ya-Zhu; Shih, Huei-Chuan; Tsai, Chi-Chu; Ho, Hsing-Hua; Liao, Pei-Chun; Chiang, Yu-Chung (2017-12-01). ["Screening transferable microsatellite markers across genus Phalaenopsis (Orchidaceae)"](https://paperity.org/p/85412416/screening-transferable-microsatellite-markers-across-genus-phalaenopsis-orchidaceae). *Botanical Studies*. **58** (1): 48. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2017BotSt..58...48K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017BotSt..58...48K). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1186/s40529-017-0200-z](https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs40529-017-0200-z). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [5688051](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5688051). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [29143146](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29143146). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["*Microtatorchis* Schltr"](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/29986-1). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Retrieved 10 October 2022. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["*Taeniophyllum* Blume"](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/30774-1). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Retrieved 10 October 2022. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Carlsward, B. S. (2004). ["Molecular systematics and anatomy of Vandeae (Orchidaceae): the evolution of monopodial leaflessness."](https://www.proquest.com/openview/fd33aa2f1847c80da9d52175e5646eeb/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y) University of Florida. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Qin, J., Zhang, W., Feng, J. Q., & Zhang, S. B. (2021). ["Leafless epiphytic orchids share Ceratobasidiaceae mycorrhizal fungi."](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jiao-Qin-2/publication/353524619_Leafless_epiphytic_orchids_share_Ceratobasidiaceae_mycorrhizal_fungi/links/61108efd1e95fe241abafddc/Leafless-epiphytic-orchids-share-Ceratobasidiaceae-mycorrhizal-fungi.pdf?_sg%5B0%5D=started_experiment_milestone&_sg%5B1%5D=started_experiment_milestone&origin=journalDetail) Mycorrhiza, 31(5), 625-635. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Tsavkelova, E. A., Glukhareva, I. D., Volynchikova, E. A., Egorova, M. A., Leontieva, M. R., Malakhova, D. V., ... & Netrusov, A. I. (2022). ["Cyanobacterial Root Associations of Leafless Epiphytic Orchids."](https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/5/1006/htm) Microorganisms, 10(5), 1006. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-NCBI_12-0)** *Aeridinae* Pfitzer. (n.d.). NCBI Taxonomy. Retrieved December 1, 2024, from [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=158424](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=158424) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Freudenstein, J. V., & Chase, M. W. (2015). ["Phylogenetic relationships in Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae), one of the great flowering plant radiations: progressive specialization and diversification."](https://academic.oup.com/aob/article-pdf/115/4/665/17847871/mcu253.pdf) Annals of botany, 115(4), 665-681. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-Chase_et_al.,_2015_14-0)** Chase, M. W., Cameron, K. M., Freudenstein, J. V., Pridgeon, A. M., Salazar, G., Van den Berg, C., & Schuiteman, A. (2015). ["An updated classification of Orchidaceae."](https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-pdf/177/2/151/17040283/boj12234.pdf) Botanical journal of the Linnean Society, 177(2), 151-174. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** ["*Macropodanthus* L.O.Williams"](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/29934-1). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Retrieved 31 March 2023. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-POWO_Plectorrhiza_16-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-POWO_Plectorrhiza_16-1) ["*Plectorrhiza* Dockrill"](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/30374-1). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Retrieved 31 March 2023. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** ["*Bogoria* J.J.Sm"](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/28849-1). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Retrieved 31 March 2023. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** ["*Cleisostomopsis* Seidenf"](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/967839-1). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Retrieved 31 March 2023. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** ["*Cleisocentron* Brühl"](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/29059-1). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Retrieved 31 March 2023. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** ["*Pennilabium* J.J.Sm"](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/30297-1). *[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Retrieved 31 March 2023. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** Liu, Dk; Tu, Xiong-De; Zhuang, Zhao; Zeng, Meng-Yao; Zhang, Sai; Ma, Liang; Zhang, Guo-Qiang; Wang, Miao-Miao; Liu, Zhong-Jian; Lan, Si-Ren; Chen, Shi-Pin & Li, Ming-he. (2020). Plastid phylogenomic data yield new and robust insights into the phylogeny of *Cleisostoma*–*Gastrochilus* clades (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae). *Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution*. **145**. 106729. 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106729. ## External links - Media related to [Aeridinae](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aeridinae) at Wikimedia Commons Taxon identifiers Aeridinae Wikidata: Q1934205 Wikispecies: Aeridinae NCBI: 158424 Open Tree of Life: 457004 Tropicos: 100481635 --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Aeridinae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeridinae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeridinae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.