# Adviser

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Person with more and deeper knowledge in a specific area

Look up ***[adviser](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adviser)*** or ***[advisor](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/advisor)*** in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

An **adviser** or **advisor** is normally a person with more and deeper [knowledge](/source/Knowledge) in a specific area and usually also includes persons with cross-functional and multidisciplinary expertise. An adviser's role is that of a mentor or guide and differs categorically from that of a task-specific consultant. An adviser is typically part of the leadership, whereas [consultants](/source/Consultant) fulfill functional roles.[1]

The spellings *adviser* and *advisor* have both been in use since the 16th century.[2] *Adviser* has always been the more usual spelling, though *advisor* has gained frequency in recent years and is a common alternative, especially in North America.[3][4]

## Etymology

The use of ***adviser*** is of English origin, with "er" as a noun ending, and ***advisor*** of Latin origin.[5] The words are [etymological twin](/source/Doublet_(linguistics)) [cognates](/source/Cognates) and are considered interchangeable.

## Word usage

Usage of the two words is normally a matter of choice, but it is usually recommended to use one consistently within a document. The Associated Press prefers ([AP Stylebook](/source/AP_Stylebook)) the use of "adviser", but [Virginia Tech](/source/Virginia_Tech) (style guide) gives preference to "advisor", stating that it "is used more commonly in academe" and that "adviser is acceptable in releases going to organizations that follow AP style".[6] [Purdue University](/source/Purdue_University) Office of Marketing and Media's Editorial Style Guide gives preference to "advisor".[7] The [European Commission](/source/European_Commission) uses "adviser(s)",[8] the [UK](/source/UK) has [Special advisers](/source/Special_advisers_(UK_government)), as well as the [Scottish Government](/source/Scottish_Government),[9] and the [United Nations](/source/United_Nations) uses [Special Advisers](/source/Under-Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations#Advisers). The US government uses both: [Council of Economic Advisers](/source/Council_of_Economic_Advisers), [Office of the Legal Adviser](/source/Office_of_the_Legal_Adviser), [Deputy National Security Advisor](/source/Deputy_National_Security_Advisor) (deputy to the President's NSA), Legal "Advisor" ([Office for the Administrative Review of the Detention of Enemy Combatants](/source/Office_for_the_Administrative_Review_of_the_Detention_of_Enemy_Combatants)), that was part of the team tasked to conduct Combatant Status Review Tribunals of captives detained in Guantanamo Bay, and laws [Investment Advisers Act of 1940](/source/Investment_Advisers_Act_of_1940). The [Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs](/source/Bureau_of_Educational_and_Cultural_Affairs)'s [Fulbright Program](/source/Fulbright_Program) has "advisers".

## Specific uses

### Books

Use of "advisor" appeared in print in the United States in 1889, with *The Tennessee Justice and Legal Advisor* by William C. Kain and Horace N. Hawkins.[10] *The Department of Justice of the United States, Issue 15*, printed in 1927 by the Institute For Government Research, uses both spellings: "1. Political adviser and assistant to the President" and "Legal Advisor. Like all the other cabinet officers, the Attorney General is a political advisor of the President".[11]

### Consultancy

- [Business advisor](/source/Business_advisor), an expert or a professional in a specific field or a specific subject in business.

- [Tax advisor](/source/Tax_advisor), an individual or firm expert in tax law

- [Africa Business Club Consultancy](https://africabusiness.club/home.html), focused on Africa–UAE partnerships and cross-border investment projects.

### Finances

- [Commercial finance advisor](/source/Commercial_finance_advisor), a professional banker expert in business financing and corporate banking relationships

- [Financial advisor](/source/Financial_adviser), also known as a [financial planner](/source/Financial_planner), a practicing professional who helps people to deal with various personal financial issues through proper planning - In the UK, this person is known as a [financial adviser](/source/Financial_adviser) - [Fee-Only financial advisor](/source/Fee-Only_financial_advisor), a financial advisor compensated only by clients and accepting no commissions or compensation from other sources

- [Financial Management Advisor](/source/Financial_Management_Advisor), a professional designation of the Canadian Securities Institute

- [Investment Advisor](/source/Investment_Advisor), an individual or firm that advises clients on investment matters

- [Registered Investment Adviser](/source/Registered_Investment_Adviser), an individual or firm who has registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or with a state regulatory agency in connection with the management of the investments of others

### Publications

- [*Broadband & Internet Advisor*](/source/Internet_Advisor) (originally *Internet Advisor*), a magazine which provides articles, news, and reviews relating to Internet technology

- *[The CPA Technology Advisor](/source/The_CPA_Technology_Advisor)*, a technology magazine for accounting and tax professionals

- *[Resident Advisor](/source/Resident_Advisor)*, an online electronic-music magazine dedicated to the global dance-music scene

### Specific advisory companies

- [Amaranth Advisors LLC](/source/Amaranth_Advisors), an American multistrategy hedge fund

- [Dimensional Fund Advisors](/source/Dimensional_Fund_Advisors), an investment firm that develops mutual funds grounded in academic research

- [State Street Global Advisors](/source/State_Street_Global_Advisors), the investment management division of State Street Corporation

### Specific advisory services

- [Dipmeter Advisor](/source/Dipmeter_Advisor), an early system developed to aid in the analysis of data gathered during oil exploration

- [McAfee SiteAdvisor](/source/McAfee_SiteAdvisor), an Internet service that warns users that a site may make them victims of malware or spam

- [MIT Design Advisor](/source/MIT_Design_Advisor), an online tool for exploring the energy performance of building designs

### Media

Examples of the use of adviser and advisor in the media on a particular subject:

- [NPR](/source/NPR): "Deputy National Security *Adviser* Explains U.S. Options In ..."[12]

- *[The Washington Post](/source/The_Washington_Post)*: "deputy national security *adviser* for strategic communications"[13]

- *[The Wall Street Journal](/source/The_Wall_Street_Journal)*: "Obama to Name Deputy National-Security *Adviser*"[14]

- [The White House](/source/The_White_House): "Briefing by Deputy National Security *Advisor* for Strategic Communications Ben Rhodes"[15]

- [English Wikipedia](/source/English_Wikipedia): Ben Rhodes (politician), "the current deputy national security *adviser* for strategic communication for U.S. President Barack Obama".[16]

- [The Foundry](/source/The_Heritage_Foundation): "CBS News President David Rhodes is the brother of Ben Rhodes, the White House deputy national security *adviser*..."[17]

- [Yahoo News](/source/Yahoo_News): "President Barack Obama's national security *adviser*..."[18]

- [Indiana University Bloomington](/source/Indiana_University_Bloomington): "Rhodes is assistant to the president and deputy national security *advisor* for strategic communications and speechwriting".[19]

### Other

- [Academic advisor](/source/Academic_advisor), an employee of a college or university who helps students to select courses or an [academic major](/source/Academic_major) and engaging in short-term and long-term educational planning (in some countries, the professor who offers a student academic/methodologic assistance to prepare the work/thesis [job](/source/Job_interview) necessary to obtain the degree)

- Athletic advisors, some athletic staffs have [coaches](/source/Coach_(sport)) or [Sport management](/source/Sport_management) roles deemed advisors. This can vary the type of advisory position. [American football](/source/American_football), commonly has advisor positions whether it's an advisor to the [head coach](/source/Head_coach) or Senior Advisor. Notable advisor coaches have been [Brian Billick](/source/Brian_Billick), [Tedy Bruschi](/source/Tedy_Bruschi), [Rick Dennison](/source/Rick_Dennison), [Larry Harris](/source/Larry_Harris_(basketball)), [Will Healy](/source/Will_Healy), [Matt Patricia](/source/Matt_Patricia), and [Ken Zampese](/source/Ken_Zampese)

- [Doctoral advisor](/source/Doctoral_advisor), an advanced member of a university faculty with the role of guiding a graduate student

- [Combine Advisor](/source/Combine_Advisor), a fictional creature from the [*Half-Life* series](/source/Half-Life_(series))

- [Customer service advisor](/source/Customer_service_advisor), a generic job title in the service industry, principally used in the United Kingdom

- [Dangerous Goods Safety Advisor](/source/Dangerous_Goods_Safety_Advisor), a qualification required of chemical distributors and storage companies throughout the United Kingdom relating to packing and labeling of hazardous materials

- Legal advisor, a [lawyer](/source/Lawyer) who gives [legal advice](/source/Legal_advice)

- [Military advisors](/source/Military_advisor), a form of military support

- [Technical advisor](/source/Technical_advisor), an expert in a particular field of knowledge, hired (for example) to ensure that some area of knowledge is portrayed accurately in a movie

- [Technical design advisor](/source/Technical_advisor), a person in charge of advising in technical aspects of information-technology design

## Notable advisers

This is a [dynamic list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Dynamic_lists) and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by [editing the page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Adviser) to add missing items, with references to [reliable sources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources).

Portrait Name Year Origin Notes Chanakya 375–283 BCE India Indian polymath and a royal advisor of Mauryan Emperors Chandragupta and Bindusara who authored the ancient Indian political treatise, the Arthashastra Birbal 1528-1586 Madhya Pradesh, India Advisor and main commander (Mukhya Senapati) of army in the court of the Mughal emperor, Akbar and one of the Akbar's Navratnas Bairam Khan 1501-1561 Badakhshan, Central Asia At the court of the Mughal Emperors, Humayun and Akbar Henry Kissinger 1923-2023 Weimar Republic, Germany American diplomat, who served as United States Secretary of State and National Security Advisor Yelu Chucai 1190-1244 Yanjing, Jin dynasty Khitan adviser to Genghis Khan and his son Ögedei

## See also

- [Adviser (Bangladesh)](/source/Adviser_(Bangladesh)) – Head of a ministry in interim and caretaker governments of BangladeshPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

- [Judge–advisor system](/source/Judge%E2%80%93advisor_system)

- [Council](/source/Council)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Definition agreed on by both professional advisors and consultants in business magazine along with functional workflow graphic."[The Difference Between Consultants and Advisors](http://techacute.com/difference-between-consultants-and-advisors/)"

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** *[Oxford English Dictionary](/source/Oxford_English_Dictionary)*, s.vv. "[adviser](http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/3007)" and "[advisor](http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/291088)" (subscription required).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [Google Ngram Viewer](/source/Google_Ngram_Viewer), "[adviser, advisor](https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=adviser%2Cadvisor&year_start=1700&year_end=2000&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cadviser%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cadvisor%3B%2Cc0)".

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Oxford Dictionaries, s.v. "[adviser](https://web.archive.org/web/20140418234412/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/adviser?q=adviser)".

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** [Adviser versus advisor](http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=adviser&searchmode=none)- Retrieved 2014-05-25

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** [Virginia Tech usage](http://www.branding.unirel.vt.edu/custom-search.php?vt_search_type=cse&cx=006357594167496558312%3Aelddpyq9m2u&q=adviser&sa.x=0&sa.y=0&cof=FORID:11&ie=UTF-8&sa=Search). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140526070450/http://www.branding.unirel.vt.edu/custom-search.php?vt_search_type=cse&cx=006357594167496558312%3Aelddpyq9m2u&q=adviser&sa.x=0&sa.y=0&cof=FORID%3A11&ie=UTF-8&sa=Search) May 26, 2014, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine). Retrieved 2014-05-14.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Editorial Style Guide"](https://www.purdue.edu/brand/writing/style_guide.html). *[Purdue University](/source/Purdue_University)*. 2014-11-24. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160115064430/https://www.purdue.edu/brand/writing/style_guide.html) from the original on 2016-01-15. Retrieved 2016-10-15.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** [European Commission](http://ec.europa.eu/civil_service/about/who/sa_en.htm). Retrieved 2014-05-25.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** [Scottish government](http://www.scotland.gov.uk/About/People/14944/Special-Advisers). Retrieved 2014-05-25.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** [Google books; title](https://books.google.com/books?id=hFIvHQAACAAJ&q=%22advisor%22). Retrieved 2014-05-25.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** [Google books; p. 18](https://books.google.com/books?id=81Rqx2UZD7wC&dq=%22advisor%22&pg=PA18). Retrieved 2014-05-25.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** [NPR.org](https://www.npr.org/2014/03/03/285334799/deputy-national-security-adviser-lays-out-u-s-plan-in-ukraine). Retrieved 2014-05-25.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** [Washington Post](https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/in-the-loop/wp/2014/04/29/white-house-email-reinforces-benghazi-talking-points/). Retrieved 2014-05-25.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** [WSJ online](https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303738504575568083406103378). Retrieved 2014-05-25.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** [Office of the Press Secretary](https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/03/24/briefing-deputy-national-security-advisor-strategic-communications-ben-r). Retrieved 2014-05-25.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** [Wikipedia](/source/Ben_Rhodes_(politician)). Retrieved 2014-05-25.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** [The Heritage Foundation](https://web.archive.org/web/20140504085420/http://blog.heritage.org/2014/05/01/cbs-news-quiet-benghazi/)[\[unfit\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Unfit/doc). Retrieved 2014-05-25.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** [Yahoo News](https://news.yahoo.com/rice-obama-disgusted-anti-semitic-leaflets-180248964.html). Retrieved 2014-05-25.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** [IU Bloomington Newsroom](http://news.indiana.edu/releases/iu/2014/04/ben-rhodes-visit.shtml) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140526070508/http://news.indiana.edu/releases/iu/2014/04/ben-rhodes-visit.shtml) 2014-05-26 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine). Retrieved 2014-05-25.

Authority control databases: National Czech Republic 2

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Adviser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adviser) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adviser?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.