# Advanced superionic conductor
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{{Short description|Electric-conducting material with near-optimal ion transport}}
'''An advanced superionic conductor''' ('''AdSIC''') in [materials science](/source/materials_science), is a [fast-ion conductor](/source/fast-ion_conductor) that has a [crystal structure](/source/crystal_structure) close to optimal for fast-ion transport (FIT).
== History ==
The term was introduced in a paper by A.L. Despotuli, A.V. Andreeva and B. Rambaby.[{{cite journal
| author = Despotuli, Andreeva and Rambaby
| date = June 7, 2006
| title = Nanoionics of advanced superionic conductors
| journal = Ionics
| volume = 11
| issue = 3–4
| pages = 306–314
| doi = 10.1007/BF02430394
| s2cid = 53352333
}}]
== Characteristics ==
The rigid ion sublattice of Advanced SuperIonic Conductors (AdSICs) has structure channels where mobile ions of opposite sign migrate. Their ion-transport characteristics display ionic conductivity of ~0.3/Ω cm ([RbAg4I5](/source/Rubidium_silver_iodide), 300 K) and [activation energy](/source/activation_energy) of Ei~0.1 eV. This determines the temperature-dependent concentration of mobile ions ni~Ni x eEi/kBT capable to migrate in conduction channels at each moment (Ni~1022/cm3, ni~2×1020/cm3, 300 K).
The [Rubidium silver iodide](/source/Rubidium_silver_iodide)–family is a group of AdSIC compounds and solid solutions that are [isostructural](/source/isostructural) with the RbAg4I5 alpha modification. Examples of such compounds with mobile Ag+- and Cu+-cations include KAg4I5, NH4Ag4I5, K1−xCsxAg4I5, Rb1−xCsxAg4I5, CsAg4Br1−xI2+x, CsAg4ClBr2I2, CsAg4Cl3I2, RbCu4Cl3I2 and KCu4I5.[{{Cite journal|last=Geller|first=S.|date=1967-07-21|title=Crystal Structure of the Solid Electrolyte, RbAg4I5|journal=Science|language=en|volume=157|issue=3786|pages=310–312|doi=10.1126/science.157.3786.310|issn=0036-8075|pmid=17734228|bibcode=1967Sci...157..310G|s2cid=44294829}}][{{Cite journal|last=Geller|first=S.|date=1979-01-01|title=Crystal structure and conductivity of the solid electrolyte|journal=Physical Review B|volume=19|issue=10|pages=5396–5402|doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.19.5396}}][{{Cite journal|last1=Hull|first1=S|last2=Keen|first2=D.A|last3=Sivia|first3=D.S|last4=Berastegui|first4=P|title=Crystal Structures and Ionic Conductivities of Ternary Derivatives of the Silver and Copper Monohalides|journal=Journal of Solid State Chemistry|language=en|volume=165|issue=2|pages=363–371|doi=10.1006/jssc.2002.9552|year=2002}}][{{Cite journal|last1=Lichkova|first1=N. V.|last2=Despotuli|first2=A. L.|last3=Zagorodnev|first3=V. N.|last4=Minenkova|first4=N. A.|last5=Shakhlevich|first5=K. V.|date=1989-01-01|title=Ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes in two- and three-component glass forming systems AgX-CsX (X=Cl, Br, I)|url=http://inis.iaea.org/Search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:21062056|journal=Ehlektrokhimiya|language=ru|volume=25|issue=12|pages=1636–1640|issn=0424-8570}}][{{Cite journal|last1=Studenyak|first1=I. P.|last2=Kranjčec|first2=M.|last3=Bilanchuk|first3=V. V.|last4=Kokhan|first4=O. P|last5=Orliukas|first5=A. F.|last6=Kezionis|first6=A.|last7=Kazakevicius|first7=E.|last8=Salkus|first8=T.|date=2009-12-01|title=Temperature variation of electrical conductivity and absorption edge in Cu7GeSe5I advanced superionic conductor|journal=Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids|volume=70|issue=12|pages=1478–1481|doi=10.1016/j.jpcs.2009.09.003|bibcode=2009JPCS...70.1478S}}][{{Cite journal|last1=Despotuli|first1=A.L.|last2=Zagorodnev|first2=V.N.|last3=Lichkova|first3=N.V.|last4=Minenkova|first4=N.A.|year=1989|title=New high conductive CsAg4Br1−xI2+x (0.25 < x <1) solid electrolytes|journal=Soviet Physics - Solid State|volume=31|pages=242–244}}]
RbAg4I5 AdSIC displays peculiar features of crystal structure and dynamics of mobile ions.[{{Cite journal|last1=Funke|first1=Klaus|last2=Banhatti|first2=Radha D.|last3=Wilmer|first3=Dirk|last4=Dinnebier|first4=Robert|last5=Fitch|first5=Andrew|last6=Jansen|first6=Martin|date=2006-03-01|title=Low-Temperature Phases of Rubidium Silver Iodide: Crystal Structures and Dynamics of the Mobile Silver Ions|journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry A|volume=110|issue=9|pages=3010–3016|doi=10.1021/jp054807v|pmid=16509622|issn=1089-5639}}][{{Cite journal|last1=Chang|first1=Jen-Hui|last2=Zürn|first2=Anke|last3=von Schnering|first3=Hans Georg|date=2008-10-01|title=Hyperbolic Cation Diffusion Paths in α-RbAg4I5 Type Superionic Conductors|journal=Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie|language=en|volume=634|issue=12–13|pages=2156–2160|doi=10.1002/zaac.200800343|issn=1521-3749}}][{{cite journal |title=Effect of relative humidity on the reaction kinetics in rubidium silver iodide based all-solid-state battery |journal=Electrochimica Acta |date=20 September 2020 |volume=355 |article-number=136779 |doi=10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136779 |last1=Akin |first1=Mert |last2=Wang |first2=Yuchen |last3=Qiao |first3=Xiaoyao |last4=Yan |first4=Zhiwei |last5=Zhou |first5=Xiangyang }}]
Recently, all solid state micrometre-sized [supercapacitors](/source/supercapacitors) based on AdSICs ([nanoionic supercapacitors](/source/nanoionic_supercapacitors)) had been recognized as critical electron component of future sub-voltage and [deep-sub-voltage nanoelectronics](/source/deep-sub-voltage_nanoelectronics) and related technologies (22 nm technological node of CMOS and beyond).[{{cite journal
| author = Александр Деспотули, Александра Андреева
| year = 2007
| script-title=ru:Высокоёмкие конденсаторы для 0,5 вольтовой наноэлектроники будущего
| journal = Современная Электроника
| issue = 7
| pages = 24–29
| url = http://www.nanometer.ru/2007/10/17/nanoionnie_superkondensatori_4879/PROP_FILE_files_1/Despotuli_Andreeva_Modern_Electronics_2007.pdf
| language = ru
| access-date = 2007-11-02
}}
{{cite journal
| author = Alexander Despotuli, Alexandra Andreeva
| year = 2007
| title = High-capacity capacitors for 0.5 voltage nanoelectronics of the future
| journal = Modern Electronics
| issue = 7
| pages = 24–29
| url = http://www.nanometer.ru/2007/10/17/nanoionnie_superkondensatori_4879/PROP_FILE_files_2/Despotuli_Andreeva_Modern_Electronics_2007(ENG).pdf| access-date = 2007-11-02
}}] Researchers also developed an all-solid-state battery employing [RbAg4I5](/source/Rubidium_silver_iodide) superionic conductor.[{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Yuchen |last2=Akin |first2=Mert |last3=Qiao |first3=Xiaoyao |last4=Yan |first4=Zhiwei |last5=Zhou |first5=Xiangyang |title=Greatly enhanced energy density of all‐solid‐state rechargeable battery operating in high humidity environments |journal=International Journal of Energy Research |date=September 2021 |volume=45 |issue=11 |pages=16794–16805 |doi=10.1002/er.6928|doi-access=free }}]
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
== External links ==
* {{Cite web|url=http://ruby.chemie.uni-freiburg.de/Vorlesung/Strukturtypen/sonstige_rbag4i5.html|title=Strukturtypen-Datenbank|website=ruby.chemie.uni-freiburg.de|access-date=2017-03-10}}
Category:Electricity
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Advanced superionic conductor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_superionic_conductor) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_superionic_conductor?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.