# Adenochilus

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Genus of flowering plants

Gnome orchids Adenochilus gracilis near Makarora in New Zealand Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Embryophytes Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Spermatophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Monocots Order: Asparagales Family: Orchidaceae Subfamily: Orchidoideae Tribe: Diurideae Subtribe: Caladeniinae Genus: Adenochilus Hook.f.[1] Type species Adenochilus gracilis[2] Hook.f.

***Adenochilus***, commonly known as **gnome orchids**[3] is a [genus](/source/Genus) of two species of [flowering plants](/source/Flowering_plant) in the orchid family [Orchidaceae](/source/Orchidaceae), one [endemic](/source/Endemism) to [New Zealand](/source/New_Zealand) and the other to [Australia](/source/Australia). Both species have a long, horizontal, underground [rhizome](/source/Rhizome) with a single leaf on the flowering stem and a single [resupinate](/source/Resupination) flower with its [dorsal](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dorsal) [sepal](/source/Sepal) forming a hood over the [labellum](/source/Labellum_(botany)) and [column](/source/Column_(botany)).

## Description

Orchids in the genus *Adenochilus* are terrestrial, [perennial](/source/Perennial_plant), [deciduous](/source/Deciduous), [sympodial](/source/Sympodial) [herbs](/source/Herbaceous_plant) with a long, thin, horizontal underground rhizome and a single leaf either on a long stalk or attached to the flowering stem. When present, there is a single resupinate flower on the end of the flowering stem. The dorsal sepal is free and forms a hood over the labellum and column. The [lateral](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lateral) sepals and [petals](/source/Petal) are free from each other, longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal, and spread widely apart. The labellum is also free, attached at the base of the column by a short stalk or "claw". The labellum is curved and has a narrow central band of yellow [calli](/source/Labellum_(botany)).[3][4][5][6]

## Taxonomy and naming

The genus *Adenochilus* was first formally described in 1853 by [Joseph Dalton Hooker](/source/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker) and the description was published in *[Flora Novae-Zelandiae](/source/Flora_Novae-Zelandiae)*.[2][7] Hooker described *[A. gracilis](/source/Adenochilus_gracilis)* in the same publication, making it the [type species](/source/Type_(biology)).[1] The name *Adenochilus* is derived from the [Ancient Greek](/source/Ancient_Greek) words *aden* meaning "[gland](/source/Gland_(botany))"[8]: 69 and *cheilos* meaning "lip",[8]: 200 referring to the labellum calli of these two species.[6]

## Distribution and habitat

*[Adenochilus gracilis](/source/Adenochilus_gracilis)* [Hook.f.](/source/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker) is widespread in New Zealand where it often grows in deep leaf litter under [beech](/source/Nothofagus) trees and sometimes near wetlands. It is found on both the [North](/source/North_Island) and [South Islands](/source/South_Island) and on [Stewart](/source/Stewart_Island) and [Chatham Islands](/source/Chatham_Island).[9][10]

*[Adenochilus nortonii](/source/Adenochilus_nortonii)* [Fitzg.](/source/Fitzg.) has a restricted distribution in [New South Wales](/source/New_South_Wales), growing at altitudes of 400–1,000 m (1,300–3,300 ft) in the [Blue Mountains](/source/Blue_Mountains_National_Park), [Barrington Tops](/source/Barrington_Tops) and [Point Lookout](/source/Point_Lookout_(New_South_Wales)) areas, often growing under [Antarctic beech](/source/Lophozonia_moorei) trees.[3][11]

## See also

- [List of Orchidaceae genera](/source/List_of_Orchidaceae_genera)

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-WCSP_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-WCSP_1-1) ["*Adenochilus*"](https://web.archive.org/web/20220507005500/https://wcsp.science.kew.org/namedetail.do?name_id=3049). *[World Checklist of Selected Plant Families](/source/World_Checklist_of_Selected_Plant_Families) (WCSP)*. [Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew). Archived from [the original](http://wcsp.science.kew.org/namedetail.do?name_id=3049) on May 7, 2022.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-APNI_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-APNI_2-1) ["*Adenochilus*"](https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/489395). APNI. Retrieved 27 June 2018.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Jones_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Jones_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Jones_3-2) Jones, David L. (2006). *A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories*. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 266. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1877069124](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1877069124).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Pridgeon_4-0)** Pridgeon, Alec M.; Cribb, Phillip J.; Chase, Mark W.; Rasmussen, Finn N., eds. (2001). *Genera Orchidacearum. Volume 2, Orchidoideae (part 1)*. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 86–87. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0198507100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0198507100).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-RBGS_5-0)** Bernhardt, Peter J. ["Genus *Adenochilus*"](http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=gn&name=Adenochilus). Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 27 June 2018.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ANBG_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ANBG_6-1) ["*Adenochilus*"](https://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/cd-keys/orchidkey/html/genera/Adenochilus.htm). Australian National Botanic Garden. Retrieved 27 June 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Hook.f._7-0)** Hooker, Joseph Dalton (1853). [*The botany of the Antarctic voyage of H.M. discovery ships Erebus and Terror. II. Flora Novae-Zelandiae*](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54141#page/297/mode/1up). London: Lovell Reeve and Co. pp. 246–247. Retrieved 27 June 2018.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-RWB_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-RWB_8-1) Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). *The Composition of Scientific Words*. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-nzpcn_9-0)** ["*Adenochilus gracilis*"](http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.aspx?ID=1474). New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. Retrieved 27 June 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-NZNOG_10-0)** ["*Adenochilus gracilis*"](https://www.nativeorchids.co.nz/Species/Adenochilus_gracilis.html). New Zealand Native Orchid Group. Retrieved 27 June 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-RBGS2_11-0)** Bernhardt, Peter J. ["*Adenochilus nortonii*"](http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Adenochilus~nortonii). Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 27 June 2018.

Taxon identifiers Adenochilus Wikidata: Q20812 Wikispecies: Adenochilus APNI: 76029 BOLD: 412305 CoL: 8VT9M EoL: 107331 FoAO2: Adenochilus GBIF: 2790411 GRIN: 187 iNaturalist: 378710 IPNI: 28610-1 IRMNG: 1299330 NCBI: 152846 NZOR: 11c4ad8d-3a37-464a-8ed4-4d14c90d1ca4 Open Tree of Life: 165507 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:28610-1 Tropicos: 40032424 WFO: wfo-4000000614

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Adenochilus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenochilus) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenochilus?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.