# Addiction Research Center

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The '''Addiction Research Center''' ('''ARC''') is a center of addiction research that was founded in 1935. It was originally based in [Lexington, Kentucky](/source/Lexington%2C_Kentucky), [United States](/source/United_States), housed on the rural campus of the [US Public Health Service Hospital](/source/Federal_Medical_Center%2C_Lexington). The ARC shared the campus with the [Federal Bureau of Prisons](/source/Federal_Bureau_of_Prisons); subjects ("volunteers") for the human experimental research  were drawn from a pool of felons convicted of drug charges.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Campbell|first=Nancy D.|date=2006|title="A new deal for the drug addict": the Addiction Research Center, Lexington, Kentucky|journal=Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences|volume=42|issue=2|pages=135–157|doi=10.1002/jhbs.20167|issn=0022-5061|pmid=16586455}}</ref> [Dr Harris Isbell](/source/Harris_Isbell) was the Director of Research from 1945 until 1963. The ARC became part of the [National Institute on Drug Abuse](/source/National_Institute_on_Drug_Abuse) in 1974. The ARC clinical research unit and basic science unit were relocated to Baltimore, Maryland in 1979 and 1984, respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archives.drugabuse.gov/news-events/nida-notes/1995/12/history-addiction-research-center|title=History of the Addiction Research Center|website=National Institute on Drug Abuse|date=December 1, 1995}}</ref>

Research at the ARC is well-documented in two books published in 1978, both of which are available on-line: a book of conference proceedings,<ref name=DAPHS>{{cite book | veditors=Martin WR, Isbell H  | year=1978 | title=Drug Addiction and the US Public Health Service | series=DHEW publication; no. (ADM) 77-434 | publisher=National Institute of Drug Abuse | url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pur1.32754081217782;view=1up;seq=3}}</ref> and an annotated bibliography.
<ref name=annotated-biblio>{{cite book | title=Annotated Bibliography of Papers From the Addiction Research Center 1935-1975 | publisher=National Institute of Drug Abuse | year=1978|url=https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/62807NCJRS.pdf}}</ref>

== Involvement in [Project MK-Ultra](/source/Project_MK-Ultra) ==
During the 1950s and 1960s, the [Central Intelligence Agency](/source/Central_Intelligence_Agency) funded several research projects at the ARC under the MKUltra program. These studies aimed to explore the potential of psychoactive substances for interrogation and mind control purposes. Inmates, often from marginalized groups, were administered [LSD](/source/LSD) and other drugs without [informed consent](/source/informed_consent), leading to significant ethical concerns. [Sidney Gottlieb](/source/Sidney_Gottlieb), a [chemist](/source/chemist) and [spymaster](/source/spymaster), was the head of the CIA's MKUltra program from 1953 to 1973. He was instrumental in overseeing experiments at the Addiction Research Center (ARC) in [Lexington, Kentucky](/source/Lexington%2C_Kentucky). The ARC while under the leadership of Dr. [Harris Isbell](/source/Harris_Isbell), allowed these experiments to continue uncontested, which brought about several [lawsuits](/source/lawsuits) from victims of the experiments.
                                                             
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140813114357/http://www.nih.gov/catalyst/back/95.05/a.nida.html Addiction Research Center on NIH.gov]

{{Authority control}}

Category:Addiction organizations in the United States
Category:Mental health organizations based in Kentucky
Category:LSD
Category:Human subject research in the United States
Category:Mental health organizations based in Maryland

{{US-health-org-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Addiction Research Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addiction_Research_Center) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addiction_Research_Center?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.