# Acaridae

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> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acaridae
> Source revision: 1355285623
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{{Short description|Family of mites}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Grain mite 1.JPG
| image_caption = ''[Acarus siro](/source/Acarus_siro)''
| taxon = Acaridae
| authority = [Latreille](/source/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreille), 1802
| display_parents = 3
| diversity_link = 
| diversity = > 110 genera, > 400 species
| range_map = 
| subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies
| subdivision =
*[Acarinae](/source/Acarinae)
*[Fagacarinae](/source/Fagacarinae)
*[Pontoppidaniinae](/source/Pontoppidaniinae)
*[Rhizoglyphinae](/source/Rhizoglyphinae)
}}
[[File:Cheese mite.jpg|thumb|''[Tyrophagus putrescentiae](/source/Tyrophagus_putrescentiae)'']]
[[File:Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Drawing).jpg|thumb|''[Rhizoglyphus echinopus](/source/Rhizoglyphus_echinopus)'']]
[[File:5-Sancassania feeding stages ex Pelidnota punctata BMOC-15-0727-004.jpg|thumb|''[Sancassania](/source/Sancassania)'' sp.]]
The '''Acaridae''' are a [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) of [mite](/source/mite)s in order [Sarcoptiformes](/source/Sarcoptiformes).<ref>{{cite web |editor=Barry O'Connor |url=http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/Acari/Family/Acaridae.txt |title=Acaridae Species Listing |work=Biology Catalog |publisher=[Texas A&M University](/source/Texas_A%26M_University) |year=2008 |access-date=July 26, 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100807105304/http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/Acari/Family/Acaridae.txt| archive-date= 7 August 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>

== Distribution ==
There are several acarid genera with cosmopolitan distributions, such as ''Acarus''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Acarus {{!}} Bee Mite ID |url=http://idtools.org/id/mites/beemites/factsheet.php?name=15314 |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=idtools.org}}</ref>'', Sancassania''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Sancassania {{!}} Bee Mite ID |url=http://idtools.org/id/mites/beemites/factsheet.php?name=15312 |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=idtools.org}}</ref> and ''Tyrophagus''.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Tyrophagus {{!}} Bee Mite ID |url=http://idtools.org/id/mites/beemites/factsheet.php?name=15324 |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=idtools.org}}</ref>

== Ecology ==
Acaridae live in various habitats and have various diets.

Many are [generalists](/source/Generalist_and_specialist_species) that live in natural (e.g. soil, litter, animal nests, decomposing plant material) and artificial (e.g. human dwellings, granaries, greenhouses, plant nurseries) environments. They feed on decomposing organic material, [fungi](/source/Fungus) and [nematode](/source/nematode)s.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

There are also more specialised acarids. Some ''Acarus'' inhabit nests of warm-blooded animals, mostly rodents and birds.<ref name=":0" /> Within ''Sancassania,'' there are species associated with certain bees, associated with scarabaeid beetles (riding phoretically on live beetles and feeding on dead beetles) or feeding on [mushroom](/source/mushroom)s.<ref name=":1" /> A lineage of ''Tyrophagus'', comprising ''T. formicetorum'' and related species, only occurs in ant nests.<ref name=":2" /> A number of ''Histiogaster'' species live beneath bark (subcortical) and feed on fungi.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Genus Histiogaster |url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/304203 |access-date=2022-09-19 |website=bugguide.net}}</ref>

== Dispersal ==
Various Acaridae have a [phoretic](/source/Phoresis) deutonymph stage in their life cycle, a non-feeding nymph stage that can disperse to new habitats by riding on larger animals.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Hyperphoresy (riding an animal which is itself riding a third animal) has also been reported, with acarid deutonymphs on a larger [Uropodidae](/source/Uropodidae) mite which in turn was on a beetle.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Beetle Mites |url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/118625 |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=bugguide.net}}</ref>

Most ''Tyrophagus'' species do not form deutonymphs (except for the ''T. formicetorum'' lineage), instead dispersing as feeding life stages. They may disperse phoretically, by active movements or by air currents.<ref name=":2" />

== Pests ==
Some Acaridae species are stored product pests, such as [''Acarus siro''](/source/Flour_mite), ''A. farris, [Tyrophagus putrescentiae](/source/Tyrophagus_putrescentiae), [Tyrophagus longior](/source/Tyrophagus_longior)'' and ''[Tyrolichus casei](/source/Tyrolichus_casei)''. These infest stored organic materials such as grains, flour, [dried fruit](/source/dried_fruit), milk products, [ham](/source/ham)s, [cheese](/source/cheese)s, [straw](/source/straw), [animal hides](/source/Hide_(skin)), invertebrate culture media, vertebrate bedding materials and [animal feed](/source/animal_feed). They thrive in humid conditions and on damp materials. Acaridae can cause [dermatitis](/source/dermatitis) via piercing human skin (in attempts to feed) or via contact [allergen](/source/allergen)s.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Mullen |first1=Gary R. |title=Mites (Acari) |date=2019 |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780128140437000261 |work=Medical and Veterinary Entomology |pages=533–602 |publisher=Elsevier |language=en |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-814043-7.00026-1 |isbn=978-0-12-814043-7 |access-date=2022-09-20 |last2=OConnor |first2=Barry M.|s2cid=239345468 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

There are also Acaridae which are pests of living plants. These include the genus ''[Rhizoglyphus](/source/Rhizoglyphus)'' (pests of plants with [bulb](/source/bulb)s)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bulbmites |url=https://mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/foliage/entomol/ncstate/mite2.htm |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=mrec.ifas.ufl.edu}}</ref> and the species ''T. longior'' (pest of some ornamental plants).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Buxton |first=J. H. |date=1989 |title=Tyrophagus longior (Gervais) (Acarina; Acaridae) as a pest of ornamentals grown under protection |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1989.tb02167.x |journal=Plant Pathology |language=en |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3059.1989.tb02167.x |issn=0032-0862|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Genera==

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
;Fagacarinae <small>Fain & R. A. Norton, 1979</small>
* ''[Fagacarus](/source/Fagacarus)'' <small>Fain & R. A. Norton, 1979</small>

;Acarinae <small>Nesbitt, 1945</small>
* ''[Acarus](/source/Acarus)'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small>
* ''[Aleuroglyphus](/source/Aleuroglyphus)'' <small>[Zachvatkin](/source/Alexsei_Zachvatkin), 1940</small>
* ''[Ebertia](/source/Ebertia)'' <small>Oudemans, 1924</small>
* ''[Podoglyphus](/source/Podoglyphus)'' <small>Oudemans, 1937</small>
* ''[Tyrolichus](/source/Tyrolichus)'' <small>Oudemans, 1924</small>
* ''[Tyroglyphites](/source/Tyroglyphites)'' <small>Pampaloni, 1902</small>
* ''[Tyrophagus](/source/Tyrophagus)'' <small>Oudemans, 1924</small>

;Rhizoglyphinae <small>Zakhvatkin, 1941</small>
* ''[Acarotalpa](/source/Acarotalpa)'' <small>Volgin, 1966</small>
* ''[Acotyledon](/source/Acotyledon_(mite))'' <small>Oudemans, 1903</small>
* ''[Caloglyphus](/source/Caloglyphus)'' <small>Berlese, 1923</small>
* ''[Cosmoglyphus](/source/Cosmoglyphus)'' <small>Oudemans, 1932</small>
* ''[Froriepia](/source/Froriepia_(mite))'' <small>Vitzthum, 1919</small>
* ''[Garsaultia](/source/Garsaultia)'' <small>Oudemans, 1916</small>
* ''[Histiogaster](/source/Histiogaster)'' <small>Berlese, 1883</small>
* ''[Horstia](/source/Horstia)'' <small>Oudemans, 1905</small>
* ''[Mycetoglyphus](/source/Mycetoglyphus)'' <small>Oudemans, 1932</small>
* ''[Myrmoglyphus](/source/Myrmoglyphus)'' <small>Vitzthum, 1935</small>
* ''[Rhizoglyphus](/source/Rhizoglyphus)'' <small>Claparédè, 1869</small>
* ''[Sancassania](/source/Sancassania)'' <small>Oudemans, 1916</small>
* ''[Schwiebea](/source/Schwiebea)'' <small>Oudemans, 1916</small>
* ''[Stereoglyphus](/source/Stereoglyphus)'' <small>Berlese, 1923</small>
* ''[Thyreophagus](/source/Thyreophagus)'' <small>Rondani, 1874</small>
* ''[Troglocoptes](/source/Troglocoptes)'' <small>Fain, 1966</small>
* ''[Valmontia](/source/Valmontia)'' <small>Oudemans, 1923</small>
* ''[Viedebanttia](/source/Viedebanttia)'' <small>Oudemans, 1929</small>

;Pontoppidaniinae <small>Oudemans, 1925</small>
* ''[Diphtheroglyphus](/source/Diphtheroglyphus)'' <small>Nesbitt, 1950</small>
* ''[Pontoppidania](/source/Pontoppidania)'' <small>Oudemans, 1923</small>

;''[Incertae sedis](/source/Incertae_sedis)''
* ''[Aellenella](/source/Aellenella)'' <small>S. Mahunka, 1978</small>
* ''[Apiacarus](/source/Apiacarus)'' <small>Volgin, 1974</small>
* ''[Amphicalvolia](/source/Amphicalvolia)'' <small>Türk, 1963</small>
* ''[Armacarus](/source/Armacarus)'' <small>S. Mahunka, 1979</small>
* ''[Askinasia](/source/Askinasia)'' <small>Yunker, 1970</small>
* ''[Australhypopus](/source/Australhypopus)'' <small>Fain & Friend, 1984</small>
* ''[Baloghella](/source/Baloghella)'' <small>Mahunka, 1963</small>
* ''[Bembidioglyphus](/source/Bembidioglyphus)'' <small>Klimov, 1998</small>
* ''[Boletacarus](/source/Boletacarus)'' <small>V. I. Volgin & S. V. Mironov, 1980</small>
* ''[Boletoglyphus](/source/Boletoglyphus)'' <small>Volgin, 1953</small>
* ''[Bromeliaglyphus](/source/Bromeliaglyphus)'' <small>H. H. J. Nesbitt, 1985</small>
* ''[Calvoliella](/source/Calvoliella)'' <small>Samsinak, 1969</small>
* ''[Calvoliopsis](/source/Calvoliopsis)'' <small>Mahunka, 1973</small>
* ''[Capillaroglyphus](/source/Capillaroglyphus)'' <small>Klimov, 1998</small>
* ''[Carabidobius](/source/Carabidobius)'' <small>Volgin, 1953</small>
* ''[Cerophagopsis](/source/Cerophagopsis)'' <small>Zachvatkin, 1941</small>
* ''[Chibidaria](/source/Chibidaria)'' <small>Sasa, 1952</small>
* ''[Contromelisia](/source/Contromelisia)'' <small>Samsinak, 1969</small>
* ''[Ctenocolletacarus](/source/Ctenocolletacarus)'' <small>Fain, 1984</small>
* ''[Diadasiopus](/source/Diadasiopus)'' <small>OConnor, 1997</small>
* ''[Dynastopus](/source/Dynastopus)'' <small>Fain, 1978</small>
* ''[Ewingia](/source/Ewingia)'' <small>Pearse, 1929</small>
* ''[Fainoglyphus](/source/Fainoglyphus)'' <small>S. Mahunka, 1979</small>
* ''[Forcellinia](/source/Forcellinia)'' <small>Oudemans, 1924</small>
* ''[Ghanacarus](/source/Ghanacarus)'' <small>Mahunka, 1973</small>
* ''[Halictacarus](/source/Halictacarus)'' <small>Mahunka, 1975</small>
* ''[Heteroglyphus](/source/Heteroglyphus)'' <small>Foa, 1897</small>
* ''[Hoogstraalacarus](/source/Hoogstraalacarus)'' <small>Yunker, 1970</small>
* ''[Horstiella](/source/Horstiella)'' <small>Türk, 1949</small>
* ''[Hortacarus](/source/Hortacarus)'' <small>S. Mahunka, 1979</small>
* ''[Hyohondania](/source/Hyohondania)'' <small>Sasa, 1952</small>
* ''[Irianopus](/source/Irianopus)'' <small>Fain, 1986</small>
* ''[Kanekobia](/source/Kanekobia)'' <small>Fain, C. E. Yunker, J. van Goethem & D. E. Johnston, 1982</small>
* ''[Kargoecius](/source/Kargoecius)'' <small>Fain, 1985</small>
* ''[Konoglyphus](/source/Konoglyphus)'' <small>Delfinado & Baker, 1974</small>
* ''[Kuzinia](/source/Kuzinia)'' <small>Zachvatkin, 1941</small>
* ''[Lackerbaueria](/source/Lackerbaueria)'' <small>Zachvatkin, 1941</small>
* ''[Lamtoglyphus](/source/Lamtoglyphus)'' <small>Fain, 1975</small>
* ''[Lasioacarus](/source/Lasioacarus)'' <small>Kadzhyaya, 1968</small>
* ''[Lemmaniella](/source/Lemmaniella)'' <small>Mahunka, 1977</small>
* ''[Lindquistia](/source/Lindquistia)'' <small>Mahunka, 1977</small>
* ''[Lowryacarus](/source/Lowryacarus)'' <small>Fain, 1986</small>
* ''[Machadoglyphus](/source/Machadoglyphus)'' <small>Mahunka, 1963</small>
* ''[Madaglyphus](/source/Madaglyphus)'' <small>Fain, 1971</small>
* ''[Mahunkaglyphus](/source/Mahunkaglyphus)'' <small>Eraky, 1998</small>
* ''[Mahunkallinia](/source/Mahunkallinia)'' <small>Eraky, 1999</small>
* ''[Mauracarus](/source/Mauracarus)'' <small>S. Mahunka, 1978</small>
* ''[Medeus](/source/Medeus)'' <small>Volgin, 1974</small>
* ''[Megachilopus](/source/Megachilopus)'' <small>Fain, 1974</small>
* ''[Mezorhizoglyphus](/source/Mezorhizoglyphus)'' <small>Kadzhaya, 1966</small>
* ''[Mycetosancassania](/source/Mycetosancassania)'' <small>Klimov, 2000</small>
* ''[Myrmolichus](/source/Myrmolichus)'' <small>Türk & Türk, 1957</small>
* ''[Naiacus](/source/Naiacus)'' <small>H. H. J. Nesbitt, 1990</small>
* ''[Naiadacarus](/source/Naiadacarus)'' <small>Fashing, 1974</small>
* ''[Neoacotyledon](/source/Neoacotyledon)'' <small>K. Samsinak, 1980</small>
* ''[Neohorstia](/source/Neohorstia)'' <small>Zachvatkin, 1941</small>
* ''[Neotropacarus](/source/Neotropacarus)'' <small>Baker, 1985</small>
* ''[Notiopsyllopus](/source/Notiopsyllopus)'' <small>Fain, 1977</small>
* ''[Ocellacarus](/source/Ocellacarus)'' <small>S. Mahunka, 1979</small>
* ''[Olafsenia](/source/Olafsenia)'' <small>Oudemans, 1927</small>
* ''[Omentopus](/source/Omentopus)'' <small>Fain, 1978</small>
* ''[Paraceroglyphus](/source/Paraceroglyphus)'' <small>Fain & Beaucournu, 1979</small>
* ''[Paraforcellinia](/source/Paraforcellinia)'' <small>Kadzhaya, 1974</small>
* ''[Passaloglyphus](/source/Passaloglyphus)'' <small>Mahunka & Samsinak, 1972</small>
* ''[Paulacarellus](/source/Paulacarellus)'' <small>Fain, 1976</small>
* ''[Pelzneria](/source/Pelzneria)'' <small>Scheucher, in Stammer 1957</small>
* ''[Pinoglyphus](/source/Pinoglyphus)'' <small>S. Mahunka, 1978</small>
* ''[Psyllacarus](/source/Psyllacarus)'' <small>Fain, F. Bartholomaeus, B. Cooke & J. C. Beaucournu, 1990</small>
* ''[Psylloglyphus](/source/Psylloglyphus)'' <small>Fain, 1966</small>
* ''[Psyllopus](/source/Psyllopus)'' <small>Fain & J. C. Beaucournu, 1993</small>
* ''[Reckiacarus](/source/Reckiacarus)'' <small>G. Kadzhaya, 1972</small>
* ''[Rettacarus](/source/Rettacarus)'' <small>S. Mahunka, 1979</small>
* ''[Rhizoglyphoides](/source/Rhizoglyphoides)'' <small>V. I. Volgin, 1978</small>
* ''[Rodionovia](/source/Rodionovia)'' <small>Zachvatkin, 1941</small>
* ''[Scatoglyphus](/source/Scatoglyphus)'' <small>Berlese, 1913</small>
* ''[Schulzea](/source/Schulzea)'' <small>Zachvatkin, 1941</small>
* ''[Sennertionyx](/source/Sennertionyx)'' <small>Zachvatkin, 1941</small>
* ''[Setoglyphus](/source/Setoglyphus)'' <small>S. Mahunka, 1979</small>
* ''[Sinolardoglyphus](/source/Sinolardoglyphus)'' <small>Z. T. Jiang, 1991</small>
* ''[Sinosuidasia](/source/Sinosuidasia)'' <small>Jiang, 1996</small>
* ''[Spinacaropus](/source/Spinacaropus)'' <small>Fain & A. M. Camerik, 1978</small>
* ''[Terglyphus](/source/Terglyphus)'' <small>Samsinak, 1965</small>
* ''[Thectochloracarus](/source/Thectochloracarus)'' <small>Fain, Engel, Flechtmann & OConnor, 1999</small>
* ''[Trichopsyllopus](/source/Trichopsyllopus)'' <small>Fain & G. T. Baker, 1983</small>
* ''[Troxocoptes](/source/Troxocoptes)'' <small>Fain & J. R. Philips, 1983</small>
* ''[Umakefeq](/source/Umakefeq)'' <small>Klimov, 2000</small>
* ''[Volginia](/source/Volginia)'' <small>Kadzhaya, 1967</small>
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}
* Stuart M. Bennett (2003): [http://www.the-piedpiper.co.uk/th7g.htm ''Acarus siro'' (Flour Mite)]

{{Acari}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1931942}}
{{Authority control}}

Category:Acaridae
Category:Sarcoptiformes
Category:Mite families
Category:Arachnids described in 1802
Category:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Acaridae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acaridae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acaridae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.