# Abstract illusionism > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Abstract_illusionism > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Abstract_illusionism.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_illusionism > Source revision: 1353934168 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) '''Abstract illusionism''' is a name coined by art historian and critic [Barbara Rose](/source/Barbara_Rose) in 1967. [http://www.charlottejackson.com/archives/Abstract%20Illusionism%20Barbara%20Rose%201967%20ArtForum.pdf Barbara Rose in 1967. "Abstract Illusionism."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713064006/http://www.charlottejackson.com/archives/Abstract%20Illusionism%20Barbara%20Rose%201967%20ArtForum.pdf |date=2019-07-13 }} Artforum, October 1967, pp. 33–37. [Louis K. Meisel](/source/Louis_K._Meisel) independently coined the term to define an artistic movement that came into prominence in the [United States](/source/United_States) during the mid-1970s. ==History== The works were generally derivative of [expressionistic](/source/abstract_expressionism), and [hard-edge](/source/hard-edge) abstract painting styles, with the added elements of perspective, artificial light sources, and simulated cast shadows to achieve the illusion of three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface. Abstract illusionism also differed from traditional [Trompe-l'œil](/source/Trompe-l'%C5%93il) ("fool the eye") art in that the pictorial space seemed to project in front of, or away from, the canvas surface, as opposed to receding into the picture plane as in traditional perspective-based painting. The artists involved in this rebellion, working strictly within the context of abstract painting, were responding to harsh regulations put on abstract painting by abstract art critics including [Clement Greenberg](/source/Clement_Greenberg) and [Harold Rosenberg](/source/Harold_Rosenberg). Their insistence on flatness of the picture plane was subsequently adopted by numerous [Post-painterly abstraction](/source/Post-painterly_abstraction) and [Color field](/source/Color_field) painters, and also carried into [Pop art](/source/Pop_art) with artists such as [Andy Warhol](/source/Andy_Warhol) and [Roy Lichtenstein](/source/Roy_Lichtenstein). Primarily, though, this "flatness" dogma applied to abstract paintings, as opposed to the pictorial realism of ''trompe l'oeil''. By the early 1980s, many of the visual devices that originated in Abstract Illusionism were appropriated into the commercial world and served a wide variety of applications in graphic design, fabric design, and the unlikely decoration of commercial products and even recreational vehicles. This proliferation of commercialism in Abstract Illusionist imagery eventually led to the disintegration of the original artistic movement, as a number of the original artists abandoned working in the style. Pre-1970 forerunners and practitioners of the style include [Ronald Davis](/source/Ronald_Davis), [Allan D'Arcangelo](/source/Allan_D'Arcangelo), and [Al Held](/source/Al_Held). Artists associated with the 1970s Abstract Illusionism movement, as documented through museum exhibitions and art literature, include [James Havard](/source/James_Havard), [Jack Lembeck](/source/Jack_Lembeck), [Joe Doyle (artist)](/source/Joe_Doyle_(artist)), Tony King, [Jack Reilly](/source/Jack_Reilly_(artist)), George D. Green, [Michael B. Gallagher](/source/Michael_B._Gallagher), and John Mikel Thomas. The first major museum exhibitions to survey Abstract Illusionism were "Abstract Illusionism," Paul Mellon Arts Center, Wallingford, CT, 1977; "Seven New York Artists (Abstract Illusionism)", Sewall Art Gallery, [Rice University](/source/Rice_University), Houston, TX, 1977; "Breaking the Picture Plane," Tomasulo Gallery, [Union College](/source/Union_College), Cranford, NJ; and "The Reality of Illusion", curated by Donald Brewer of the [University of Southern California](/source/University_of_Southern_California), which originated in 1979 at the [Denver Art Museum](/source/Denver_Art_Museum) and traveled to the [Oakland Museum](/source/Oakland_Museum), the [Herbert F. Johnson Museum](/source/Johnson_Art_Museum) at [Cornell University](/source/Cornell_University), the [University of Southern California](/source/University_of_Southern_California), and the [Honolulu Museum of Art](/source/Honolulu_Museum_of_Art). A number of exhibitions were organized and assembled by the leading dealer of the genre, [Louis K. Meisel](/source/Louis_K._Meisel) who presented important artists in solo and group exhibitions throughout the seventies at 141 Prince Street in SoHo. In 1972, the English critic [Bryan Robertson](/source/Bryan_Robertson) also used the term “Abstract Illusionism” to characterize sculptures by Kenneth Draper, [Nigel Hall](/source/Nigel_Hall_(sculptor)) and [William Tucker](/source/William_G._Tucker) and paintings by [Paul Huxley](/source/Paul_Huxley) and [Bridget Riley](/source/Bridget_Riley).Walker, John. (1992) [http://www.artdesigncafe.com/abstract-illusionism-1992 "Abstract Illusionism"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003939/http://www.artdesigncafe.com/abstract-illusionism-1992 |date=2016-03-04 }}. ''Glossary of Art, Architecture & Design since 1945'', 3rd. ed. ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==General references== *Brewer, Donald. ''Reality of Illusion'', American Art Review Press, 1979, {{ISBN|0-9602974-0-5}} *Blaine, Michael. "Complexities of Illusion", ''Artweek'', May, 1980 *Velazquez, Cassidy Gerhardt. "Abstract Illusionism: Taking Realism out of Illusion", Colorado State University, 2007 {{Western art movements}} Category:American contemporary art Category:Contemporary art movements --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Abstract illusionism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_illusionism) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_illusionism?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.