# ASP.NET

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Open-source web application framework

Not to be confused with [UNESCO ASPNet](/source/UNESCO_ASPNet).

For its rewrite, see [ASP.NET Core](/source/ASP.NET_Core).

ASP.NET (software) Developers Microsoft, Scott Guthrie Release January 5, 2002; 24 years ago (2002-01-05) Stable release 4.8.1 / August 9, 2022; 3 years ago (2022-08-09)[1] Written in .NET languages Operating system Microsoft Windows, Linux, macOS Platform .NET Framework Type Web framework License Proprietary software[2] Website dotnet.microsoft.com/en-us/apps/aspnet Repository github.com/aspnet/AspNetWebStack

ASP.NET (file format) Filename extension .aspx, .asmx, .aspc,[3] .cshtml, .vbhtml Internet media type text/html Developed by Microsoft

**ASP.NET** is a [server-side](/source/Server-side_scripting) [web-application framework](/source/Web-application_framework) designed for [web development](/source/Web_development) to produce [dynamic web pages](/source/Dynamic_web_page). It was developed by [Microsoft](/source/Microsoft) to allow [programmers](/source/Programmer) to build dynamic [web sites](/source/Web_site), [applications](/source/Web_application) and [services](/source/Web_service). The name stands for Active Server Pages Network Enabled Technologies.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

ASP.NET was first announced to the public under the codename ASP+, and is a re-implementation of Microsoft's [Active Server Pages](/source/Active_Server_Pages) (ASP) technology.[3] ASP.NET is built on the [Common Language Runtime](/source/Common_Language_Runtime) (CLR), allowing programmers to write ASP.NET code using any supported [.NET language](/source/List_of_CLI_languages).[4] The ASP.NET [SOAP](/source/SOAP) extension framework allows ASP.NET components to process SOAP messages.

In 2016, Microsoft released [ASP.NET Core](/source/ASP.NET_Core) as ASP.NET's successor. This new version is a re-implementation of ASP.NET as a modular [web framework](/source/Web_framework), together with other frameworks like [Entity Framework](/source/Entity_Framework). The new framework uses the new open-source [.NET Compiler Platform](/source/.NET_Compiler_Platform) (codename "Roslyn") and is [cross platform](/source/Cross_platform). [ASP.NET MVC](/source/ASP.NET_MVC), ASP.NET Web API, and ASP.NET Web Pages (a platform using only [Razor](/source/ASP.NET_Razor) pages) have merged into a unified MVC ([model–view–controller](/source/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller)) 6.[5]

## Programming models

See also: [ASP.NET Web Forms](/source/ASP.NET_Web_Forms)

ASP.NET supports a number of programming models for building web applications:[6]

- [ASP.NET Web Forms](/source/ASP.NET_Web_Forms) – A framework for building modular pages out of components, with UI events being processed server-side. This framework is not included in the ASP.NET Core versions; it only works in the "classic" ASP.NET, on Windows.

- [ASP.NET MVC](/source/ASP.NET_MVC) – allows building web pages using the [model–view–controller](/source/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller) design pattern.

- [ASP.NET Web Pages](/source/ASP.NET_Web_Pages) – A lightweight syntax for adding dynamic code and data access directly inside HTML markup.[7]

- [ASP.NET Web API](/source/ASP.NET_Web_API) – A framework for building [Web APIs](/source/Web_API) on top of the [.NET Framework](/source/.NET_Framework).[8]

- [ASP.NET WebHooks](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ASP.NET_WebHooks&action=edit&redlink=1) – Implements the [Webhook](/source/Webhook) pattern for subscribing to and publishing events via HTTP.

- [SignalR](/source/SignalR) – A real-time communications framework for bi-directional communication between client and server.

Other ASP.NET extensions include:

- [ASP.NET Handler](/source/HTTP_handler) – Components that implement the System.Web.IHttpHandler interface. Unlike ASP.NET Pages, they have no HTML-markup file, no events and other supporting. All they have is a code-file (written in any [.NET-compatible language](/source/List_of_CLI_languages)) that writes some data to the server HTTP response. HTTP handlers are similar to [ISAPI](/source/ISAPI) extensions.

- [ASP.NET AJAX](/source/ASP.NET_AJAX) – An extension with both client-side as well as server-side components for writing ASP.NET pages that incorporate [Ajax](/source/AJAX_(programming)) functionality.

- [ASP.NET Dynamic Data](/source/ASP.NET_Dynamic_Data) – A [scaffolding](/source/Scaffold_(programming)) extension to build data driven web applications.

## IIS integrated pipeline

ASP.NET integration with IIS

On [IIS](/source/Internet_Information_Services) 6.0 and lower, pages written using different versions of the ASP framework cannot share [session state](#Session_state) without the use of third-party libraries. This does not apply to ASP.NET and ASP applications running side by side on IIS 7. With IIS 7.0, modules may be run in an integrated pipeline that allows modules written in any language to be executed for any request.[9]

## Third-party frameworks

It is not essential to use the standard Web forms development model when developing with ASP.NET. Noteworthy frameworks designed for the platform include:

- [Base One Foundation Component Library](/source/Base_One_Foundation_Component_Library) (BFC) is [RAD](/source/Rapid_application_development) framework for building .NET [database](/source/Database) and [distributed computing](/source/Distributed_computing) applications.

- [DotNetNuke](/source/DotNetNuke) is an open-source solution that provides both a web application framework and a content management system that allows for advanced extensibility through modules, skins, and providers.

- [Castle MonoRail](/source/MonoRail_(software)), an open-source [MVC](/source/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller) framework with an execution model similar to [Ruby on Rails](/source/Ruby_on_Rails). The framework is commonly used with [Castle ActiveRecord](/source/Castle_ActiveRecord), an ORM layer built on [NHibernate](/source/NHibernate).

## Versions

ASP.NET's release history tightly correlates with the [.NET Framework](/source/.NET_Framework) releases:

Date Version Remarks New ASP.NET related features January 16, 2002 Unsupported: 1.0 First version released together with Visual Studio .NET Object-oriented Web application development supporting inheritance, polymorphism and other standard OOP features Developers are no longer forced to use Server.CreateObject(...), so early-binding and type safety are possible. Based on Windows programming; the developer can make use of DLL class libraries and other features of the Web server to build more robust applications that do more than simply rendering HTML (e.g., exception handling) April 24, 2003 Unsupported: 1.1 released together with Windows Server 2003 released together with Visual Studio .NET 2003 Mobile controls Automatic input validation November 7, 2005 Unsupported: 2.0 codename Whidbey released together with Visual Studio 2005 and Visual Web Developer Express and SQL Server 2005 New data controls (GridView, FormView, DetailsView) New technique for declarative data access (SqlDataSource, ObjectDataSource, XmlDataSource controls) Navigation controls Master pages Login controls Themes Skins Web parts Personalization services Full pre-compilation New localization technique Support for 64-bit processors Provider class model November 21, 2006 Unsupported: 3.0 Released with Windows Vista Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) Windows Workflow Foundation (WF) Windows Communication Foundation, which can use ASP.NET to host services Windows CardSpace, which uses ASP.NET for login roles November 19, 2007 Unsupported: 3.5 Released with Visual Studio 2008 and Windows Server 2008 New data controls (ListView, DataPager) ASP.NET AJAX included as part of the framework Support for HTTP pipelining and syndication feeds. WCF support for RSS, JSON, POX and Partial Trust All the .NET Framework 3.5 changes, like LINQ etc. August 11, 2008 Unsupported: 3.5 Service Pack 1 Released with Visual Studio 2008 Service Pack 1 Incorporation of ASP.NET Dynamic Data Support for controlling browser history in an ASP.NET AJAX application Ability to combine multiple JavaScript files into one file for more efficient downloading New namespaces System.Web.Abstractions and System.Web.Routing April 12, 2010 Unsupported: 4.0 Released with Visual Studio 2010 Parallel extensions and other .NET Framework 4 features The two new properties added in the Page class are MetaKeyword and MetaDescription. August 15, 2012 Unsupported: 4.5 Released with Visual Studio 2012 and Windows Server 2012 for Windows 8 Parallel extensions and other .NET Framework 4.5 features October 17, 2013 Unsupported: 4.5.1 Released with Visual Studio 2013[10] for Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows 8.1 Bootstrap 3.0 Web API 2: OAuth 2.0, OData improvements, CORS MVC 5: Attribute routing, authentication filters and filter overrides EF 6 SignalR OWIN May 5, 2014[11] Supported: 4.5.2 Higher reliability HTTP header inspection and modification methods New way to schedule background asynchronous worker tasks July 20, 2015[11] Supported: 4.6 Released[12] with Visual Studio 2015[13] and EF 7 Previews for Windows Server 2016 and Windows 10 HTTP/2 support when running on Windows 10 More async task-returning APIs November 30, 2015[11] Supported: 4.6.1 August 2, 2016[11] Supported: 4.6.2 Improved async support (output-cache and session providers) April 11, 2017[11] Supported: 4.7 Included in the Windows 10 Creators Update[14] operating system support for TLS protocols October 17, 2017[11] Supported: 4.7.1 Included in the Windows 10 Fall Creators Update.[15] Improved accessibility Value tuple types serialization SHA-2 support April 30, 2018[11] Supported: 4.7.2 August 09, 2022[11] Latest version: 4.8.1 Released[16] JIT and NGEN Improvements Updated ZLib Reducing FIPS Impact on Cryptography Accessibility Enhancements for WinForms Service Behavior Enhancements for WCF High DPI Enhancements, UIAutomation Improvements for WPF November 18, 2015 Unsupported: 5 RC1 This version was later separated from ASP.NET and brought into a new project called ASP.NET Core, whose versioning started at 1.0.[17] An entirely new project with different development tenets and goals Legend: Unsupported Supported Latest version Preview version Future version

## Other implementations

The [Mono](/source/Mono_(software)) Project supports "everything in .NET 4.7 except [WPF](/source/Windows_Presentation_Foundation), [WWF](/source/Windows_Workflow_Foundation), and with limited [WCF](/source/Windows_Communication_Foundation) and limited ASP.NET async stack."[18] ASP.NET can be run with Mono using one of three options: [Apache](/source/Apache_HTTP_Server) hosting using the [mod_mono](/source/Mod_mono) module, [FastCGI](/source/FastCGI) hosting, and [XSP](/source/XSP_(software)).

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** [".net framework download page"](https://dotnet.microsoft.com/en-us/download/dotnet-framework/net481).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Microsoft .NET Framework Redistributable EULA"](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms994405.aspx). *[MSDN](/source/MSDN)*. [Microsoft](/source/Microsoft). September 13, 2006. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150402161923/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms994405.aspx) from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved February 28, 2015.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-devx_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-devx_3-1) Kinsman, Chris (July 2000). ["Introduction to ASP+"](https://web.archive.org/web/20030202065505/http://archive.devx.com/asp/articles/ck072600/ck072600.asp). *DevX*. Archived from [the original](http://archive.devx.com/asp/articles/ck072600/ck072600.asp) on February 2, 2003. Retrieved August 13, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** MacDonald, Matthew; Szpuszta, Mario (2005). [*Pro ASP.NET 2.0 in C# 2005*](https://archive.org/details/proaspnet20inc200000macd) (1st ed.). Apress. pp. 5–6. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1-59059-496-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59059-496-7). [...] ASP.NET pages and web services are executed within the CLR (common language runtime), so they can be authored in any language that has a CLR-compliant compiler. [...] ASP.NET gives you the ability to code in any supported .NET language (including Visual Basic, C#, J#, and many other languages that have third-party compilers).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-asp.net_5-0)** FitzMacken, Tom (December 11, 2014). ["ASP.NET 5 Overview"](https://web.archive.org/web/20141115023406/http://www.asp.net/vnext/overview/aspnet-vnext/aspnet-5-overview#unify). *ASP.NET*. Archived from [the original](http://www.asp.net/vnext/overview/aspnet-vnext/aspnet-5-overview#unify) on November 15, 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["Choose between ASP.NET and ASP.NET Core"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180509012506/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/choose-aspnet-framework?view=aspnetcore-2.1). *Microsoft Docs*. March 14, 2018. Archived from [the original](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/choose-aspnet-framework?view=aspnetcore-2.1) on May 9, 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["ASP.NET Web Pages (Razor) FAQ"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/web-pages/overview/getting-started/aspnet-web-pages-razor-faq#Whats_the_difference_between_ASP.NET_Web_Pages,_ASP.NET_Web_Forms,_and_ASP.NET_MVC). *docs.microsoft.com*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Mike, Wasson (September 30, 2022). ["Get Started with ASP.NET Web API 2 (C#)"](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/web-api/overview/getting-started-with-aspnet-web-api/tutorial-your-first-web-api). *docs.microsoft.com*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["How to Take Advantage of the IIS 7.0 Integrated Pipeline"](https://web.archive.org/web/20100324031657/http://learn.iis.net/page.aspx/244/how-to-take-advantage-of-the-iis7-integrated-pipeline). *iis.net*. June 14, 2022. Archived from [the original](http://learn.iis.net/page.aspx/244/how-to-take-advantage-of-the-iis7-integrated-pipeline) on March 24, 2010. Retrieved January 26, 2009.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["Announcing release of ASP.NET and Web Tools for Visual Studio 2013"](http://blogs.msdn.com/b/webdev/archive/2013/10/17/announcing-release-of-asp-net-and-web-tools-for-visual-studio-2013.aspx).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-lifecycle_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-lifecycle_11-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-lifecycle_11-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-lifecycle_11-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-lifecycle_11-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-lifecycle_11-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-lifecycle_11-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-lifecycle_11-7) [".net framework product lifecycle"](https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/search?alpha=.net%20framework).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** ["Announcing .NET Framework 4.6"](http://blogs.msdn.com/b/dotnet/archive/2015/07/20/announcing-net-framework-4-6.aspx).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["Visual Studio 2015 and Visual Studio 2013 Update 5 Released"](http://blogs.msdn.com/b/visualstudio/archive/2015/07/20/visual-studio-2015-and-visual-studio-2013-update-5-released.aspx). *msdn.com*. Microsoft. July 20, 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** ["Announcing the .NET Framework 4.7"](https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2017/04/05/announcing-the-net-framework-4-7/). April 5, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** ["Announcing the .NET Framework 4.7.1"](https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2017/10/17/announcing-the-net-framework-4-7-1/). October 17, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** ["Announcing the .NET Framework 4.8"](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-the-net-framework-4-8/). April 18, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-GHreleases_17-0)** ["Releases"](https://github.com/aspnet/Home/releases). *GitHub*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-monoproject_18-0)** ["Compatibility"](http://www.mono-project.com/docs/about-mono/compatibility/). *Mono*. Retrieved August 13, 2025.

## External links

Wikibooks has more on the topic of: ***[ASP.NET](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/ASP.NET)***

- [Official website](https://asp.net)

- [ASP.NET](http://msdn.microsoft.com/asp.net/) on [MSDN](/source/MSDN)

- [Some of new features in ASP.NET 4 and vs 2010 IDE](http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/Whatis_New_ASP_Net_4.aspx) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20181225171923/http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/Whatis_New_ASP_Net_4.aspx%20%0A) 2018-12-25 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [ASP.NET](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASP.NET) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASP.NET?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.