# AMRO

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ASEAN-related body

For other uses of the acronym AMRO, see [AMRO (disambiguation)](/source/AMRO_(disambiguation)).

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The **ASEAN+3 Macroeconomic and Research Office**, abbreviated as **AMRO**, is an international institution that supports the [ASEAN Plus Three](/source/ASEAN_Plus_Three) group with surveillance, analysis and research. It is based in [Singapore](/source/Singapore). It plays a prominent role in macroeconomic and financial surveillance in the region, in complementarity with the [International Monetary Fund](/source/International_Monetary_Fund) at the global level.[1]

## Overview

The establishment of AMRO has been part of Asia's collective response to the [1997 Asian financial crisis](/source/1997_Asian_financial_crisis).[2]: 72 The ASEAN+3 Finance Ministers established the [Chiang Mai Initiative](/source/Chiang_Mai_Initiative) in May 2000, then upgraded it to Chiang Mai Initiative-Multilateral (CMIM) in March 2010.[3] They then established AMRO in April 2011 to conduct macroeconomic surveillance in support to CMI-M. AMRO was subsequently reorganized as a formal international organization, effective 9 February 2016.[4] AMRO's research has been cited as a reference source by economic policy scholars.[5]: 2

## Leadership

- Mr Wei Benhua, Director May 2011 - May 2012[6]

- Mr Yoichi Nemoto, Director May 2012 - May 2016[7]

- Ms Chang Junhong, Director May 2016 - May 2019

- Mr Toshinori Doi, Director May 2019 - May 2022[8]

- Mr Li Kouqing, Director May 2022 - May 2025[9]

- Mr Yasuto Watanabe, Director since May 2025

## See also

- [History of ASEAN](/source/History_of_ASEAN)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Yaechan Lee (24 May 2023). ["Understanding AMRO's Nested Outgrowth from the IMF"](https://www.bu.edu/gdp/2023/05/24/understanding-amros-nested-outgrowth-from-the-imf/). *Boston University Global Development Policy Center*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Hoe Ee Khor (1 March 2019). ["Overview of AMRO and Policy Challenges"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep25423.12). In Tomoo Kikuchi & Masaya Sakuragawa (ed.). *Financial Cooperation in East Asia*. S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies. pp. 72–75.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Speech by Ms Indranee Rajah, Minister in The Prime Minister's Office, Second Minister for Finance and National Development, at ASEAN+3 Macroeconomic Research Office (AMRO) 10th Anniversary Event on 7 December 2021, at JW Marriott Hotel South Beach"](https://www.mof.gov.sg/news-resources/newsroom/speech-by-ms-indranee-rajah-minister-in-the-prime-minister-s-office-second-minister-for-finance-and-national-development-at-asean-3-macroeconomic-research-office-amro-10th-anniversary-event-on-7-december-2021-at-jw-marriott-hotel-south-beach/). *Ministry of Finance of Singapore*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** [*The Joint Statement of the 19th ASEAN+3 Finance Ministers' and Central Bank Governors' Meeting*](https://www.asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/The-Joint-Statement-of-the-19th-AFMGM3_FINAL.pdf) (PDF), Frankfurt: ASEAN, 3 May 2016

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Hong, Liu (2022), *The Political Economy of Transnational Governance: China and Southeast Asia in the 21st Century*, London: Routledge, [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.4324/9781003102359](https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003102359), [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[10419/290613](https://hdl.handle.net/10419%2F290613)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["Appointment of the First AMRO Director"](https://amro-asia.org/appointment-of-the-first-amro-director/). *AMRO*. 6 April 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Yoichi Nemoto, Non-Resident Senior Fellow, Global Economic Governance Initiative"](https://www.bu.edu/gdp/profile/yoichi-nemoto/). *Boston University Global Development Policy Center*. Retrieved 16 March 2026.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["Mr. Toshinori Doi Appointed as Director Designate of the ASEAN+3 Macroeconomic Research Office"](https://amro-asia.org/mr-toshinori-doi-appointed-as-director-designate-of-the-asean3-macroeconomic-research-office/). *AMRO*. 2 April 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["Dr. Kouqing Li Appointed as Director Designate of the ASEAN+3 Macroeconomic Research Office"](https://amro-asia.org/dr-kouqing-li-appointed-as-director-designate-of-the-asean3-macroeconomic-research-office/). *AMRO*. 15 April 2022.

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