# AD 999

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"999 (year)" redirects here. For the year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar, see [999 BC](/source/999_BC).

Year **999** (**[CMXCIX](/source/Roman_numerals)**) was a [common year starting on Sunday](/source/Common_year_starting_on_Sunday) of the [Julian calendar](/source/Julian_calendar). It was the 999th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 999th year of the 1st millennium, the 99th year of the 10th century, and the 10th and last year of the 990s decade,

## Events

<onlyinclude>

### By place

#### Europe

- King [Bermudo II](/source/Bermudo_II_of_Le%C3%B3n) abdicates in favor of his 5-year-old son [Alfonso V](/source/Alfonso_V_of_Le%C3%B3n) as ruler of [León](/source/Kingdom_of_Le%C3%B3n). Moorish invaders have forced Bermudo to recognize the suzerainty of their leader, [Umayyad](/source/Umayyad_Caliphate) vizier and the *[de facto](/source/De_facto)* ruler [Al-Mansur](/source/Almanzor).
- [September 9](/source/September_9) (999 or [1000](/source/AD_1000)) – [Battle of Svolder](/source/Battle_of_Svolder): A Norwegian fleet, commanded by [Olaf Tryggvason](/source/Olaf_Tryggvason) in his longship *[Ormrinn langi](/source/Ormrinn_langi)*, is defeated by the combined fleet of the Danish king [Sweyn Forkbeard](/source/Sweyn_Forkbeard) and his Swedish counterpart [Olof Skötkonung](/source/Olof_Sk%C3%B6tkonung), resulting in Tryggvason's death, and the splitting up of Norway between Sweden and Denmark.

**Ireland**

- [December 30](/source/December_30) – [Battle of Glenmama](/source/Battle_of_Glenmama): The combined forces of [Munster](/source/Munster) and [Meath](/source/Kingdom_of_Meath) under [Brian Boru](/source/Brian_Boru) ([High King of Ireland](/source/High_King_of_Ireland)) inflict a crushing defeat on the allied armies of [Leinster](/source/Leinster) and [Dublin](/source/Kingdom_of_Dublin) near [Lyons Hill](/source/Lyons_Hill) ([County Kildare](/source/County_Kildare)).

#### Africa

- [Egyptian](/source/Egyptians) military commander Abu'l-Ala Fahd ibn Ibrahim appointed [Vizier](/source/Vizier_(Fatimid_Caliphate)) of [Egypt](/source/Egypt_in_the_Middle_Ages).[1]

#### Asia

**Central Asia**

- The [Karakhanids](/source/Kara-Khanid_Khanate) invade from north of the [Syr Darya](/source/Syr_Darya) river, ending the [Samanid Empire](/source/Samanid_Empire) (modern [Uzbekistan](/source/Uzbekistan)). The Samanid domains are split between the [Ghaznavid Dynasty](/source/Ghaznavids) and the Karakhanids.

**Japan**

- [February 9](/source/February_9) – The Mogi Ceremony of Fujiwara no Shoshi is held (she later becomes empress).
- [December](/source/December) – Empress Teishi gives birth to Prince Atsuyasu (who becomes the imperial heir), but on the next day, her rival, Fujiwara no Shoshi, is promoted to Consort.

**Vietnam**

- Emperor [Lê Đại Hành](/source/L%C3%AA_Ho%C3%A0n) personally led a campaign to conquer a total of 49 tribes in Hà Động. The Nhật Tắc tribe and others in Định Biên province were defeated, while the remaining tribes capitulated to the emperor.[2]

### By topic

#### Religion

- [February 18](/source/February_18) – [Pope Gregory V](/source/Pope_Gregory_V) dies after a 3-year [pontificate](/source/Pontificate) in which the [Crescentii](/source/Crescentii) family forced him to flee [Rome](/source/Rome). He is succeeded by [Sylvester II](/source/Pope_Silvester_II) as the 139th [pope](/source/Pope) of the [Catholic Church](/source/Catholic_Church).
- Bishop [Aldhun](/source/Aldhun) consecrates a cathedral (later [Durham Cathedral](/source/Durham_Cathedral)) at a site in England where the remains of [St. Cuthbert](/source/Cuthbert) had been moved to in AD 995 from [Lindisfarne](/source/Lindisfarne) because of the danger of [Viking](/source/Vikings) raids.
- [Sigmundur Brestisson](/source/Sigmundur_Brestisson), a Viking chieftain, introduces [Christianity](/source/Christianity) in the [Faroe Islands](/source/Faroe_Islands).</onlyinclude>

## Births

- [March 5](/source/March_5) – [Bao Zheng](/source/Bao_Zheng), Chinese politician of the [Song dynasty](/source/Song_dynasty) (d. [1062](/source/1062))
- [Berengar of Tours](/source/Berengar_of_Tours), French theologian (approximate date) (d. [1088](/source/1088))
- [Fujiwara no Ishi](/source/Fujiwara_no_Ishi), Japanese empress consort (d. [1036](/source/1036))
- [Odo, Count of Penthièvre](/source/Odo,_Count_of_Penthi%C3%A8vre), duke and [regent](/source/Regent) of [Brittany](/source/Duchy_of_Brittany) (approximate date) (d. [1079](/source/1079))

## Deaths

- [February 7](/source/February_7) – [Boleslaus II](/source/Boleslaus_II,_Duke_of_Bohemia) ("the Pious"), duke of [Bohemia](/source/Duchy_of_Bohemia) (b. c.932)
- [February 18](/source/February_18) – [Gregory V](/source/Pope_Gregory_V), pope of the [Catholic Church](/source/Catholic_Church) (b. [972](/source/972))[3]
- February – [Matilda](/source/Matilda,_Abbess_of_Quedlinburg), German princess-[abbess](/source/Abbess) and daughter of [Otto I](/source/Otto_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor) (b. [955](/source/955))
- [June 11](/source/June_11) – [Ebergar](/source/Ebergar) (or Everger), archbishop of [Cologne](/source/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cologne) (b. c.940)
- [November 4](/source/November_4) – [Gregor von Burtscheid](/source/Gregor_von_Burtscheid), German [abbot](/source/Abbot)
- [December 16](/source/December_16) – [Adelaide of Italy](/source/Adelaide_of_Italy), empress regent of the [Holy Roman Empire](/source/Holy_Roman_Empire) (b. [931](/source/931))
- [Alfred of Malmesbury](/source/Alfred_of_Malmesbury) (or Aelfric), English abbot and writer
- [Cao Bin](/source/Cao_Bin), Chinese general and governor (*[jiedushi](/source/Jiedushi)*) (b. [931](/source/931))
- [Ceallach ua Maílcorgus](/source/Ceallach_ua_Ma%C3%ADlcorgus), Irish [chief poet](/source/Ollam) of [Connacht](/source/Connacht)
- [Maredudd ab Owain](/source/Maredudd_ab_Owain), king of [Gwynedd](/source/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd) ([Wales](/source/Wales)) (approximate date)
- [Muirgheas mac Aedh](/source/Muirgheas_mac_Aedh), king of [Uí Díarmata](/source/U%C3%AD_D%C3%ADarmata) ([Ireland](/source/Ireland)) (killed)
- [Subh of Córdoba](/source/Subh_of_C%C3%B3rdoba), mother and regent of [Hisham II](/source/Hisham_II) (approximate date)
- [Yelü Xiezhen](/source/Yel%C3%BC_Xiezhen), Chinese general and politician

## References

1. ["The Martyrdom of the Vizier Abu Elaala Fahd ibn Ibrahim and his companions - 19 Baramoudah - Baramoda Month - Coptic Synaxarium"](https://st-takla.org/books/en/church/synaxarium/08-bermodah/19-baramouda-fahd.html). *St-Takla.org*. Retrieved 2026-04-19.

1. [Ngô Sĩ Liên](/source/Ng%C3%B4_S%C4%A9_Li%C3%AAn) (1993), [Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư](/source/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t_s%E1%BB%AD_k%C3%BD_to%C3%A0n_th%C6%B0), page 72, vol. 1, "Kỷ nhà Lê: Đại Hành Hoàng Đế."

1. ["Gregory V | pope"](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gregory-V). *Encyclopedia Britannica*. Retrieved 8 May 2019.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [AD 999](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_999) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD_999?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.