# ACRV1

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**Acrosomal protein SP-10** is a [protein](/source/Protein) that in [humans](/source/Human) is encoded by the *ACRV1* [gene](/source/Gene).[1][2][3]

This gene encodes a [testis](/source/Testis)-specific, differentiation [antigen](/source/Antigen), [acrosomal](/source/Acrosomal) [vesicle](/source/Vesicle_(biology)) protein 1, that arises within the acrosomal vesicle during [spermatogenesis](/source/Spermatogenesis), and is associated with the acrosomal [membranes](/source/Biological_membrane) and matrix of mature sperm. This gene consists of 4 [exons](/source/Exon) and its alternative splicing generates multiple distinct transcripts, which encode protein [isoforms](/source/Isoform) ranging from 81 to 265 [amino acids](/source/Amino_acid). The longest transcript is the most abundant, comprising 53-72% of the total acrosomal vesicle protein 1 messages; the second largest transcript comprises 15-32%; the third and the fourth largest transcripts account for 3.4-8.3% and 8.7-12.5%, respectively; and the remaining transcripts combined account for < 1% of the total acrosomal vesicle protein 1 message. It is suggested that phenomena of cryptic splicing and [exon skipping](/source/Exon_skipping) occur within this gene. The acrosomal vesicle protein 1 may be involved in sperm-zona binding or penetration, and it is a potential contraceptive [vaccine](/source/Vaccine) [immunogen](/source/Immunogen) for humans.[3]

## References

1. Wright RM, John E, Klotz K, Flickinger CJ, Herr JC (Jul 1990). "Cloning and sequencing of cDNAs coding for the human intra-acrosomal antigen SP-10". *Biol Reprod*. **42** (4): 693–701. [doi:10.1095/biolreprod42.4.693](https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod42.4.693). [PMID 1693291](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1693291)

1. Golden WL, von Kap-Herr C, Kurth B, Wright RM, Flickinger CJ, Eddy R, Shows T, Herr JC (Feb 1994). "Refinement of the localization of the gene for human intraacrosomal protein SP-10 (ACRV1) to the junction of bands q23→q24 of chromosome 11 by nonisotopic in situ hybridization". *Genomics*. **18** (2): 446–9. [doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1496](https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.1993.1496). [PMID 8288254](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8288254)

1. ["Entrez Gene: ACRV1 acrosomal vesicle protein 1"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=56)

## Further reading

- Herr JC, Klotz K, Shannon J (1992). "Purification and microsequencing of the intra-acrosomal protein SP-10. Evidence that SP-10 heterogeneity results from endoproteolytic processes.". *Biol. Reprod.*. **47** (1): 11–20. [doi:10.1095/biolreprod47.1.11](https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod47.1.11). [PMID 1637938](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1637938)
- Homyk M, Anderson DJ, Wolff H, Herr JC (1990). "Differential diagnosis of immature germ cells in semen utilizing monoclonal antibody MHS-10 to the intra-acrosomal antigen SP-10.". *Fertil. Steril.*. **53** (2): 323–30. [doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)53289-0](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(16)53289-0). [PMID 2298314](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2298314)
- Freemerman AJ, Flickinger CJ, Herr JC (1995). "Characterization of alternatively spliced human SP-10 mRNAs.". *Mol. Reprod. Dev.*. **41** (1): 100–8. [doi:10.1002/mrd.1080410115](https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080410115). [PMID 7619499](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7619499). [S2CID 22411156](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22411156)
- Foster JA, Klotz KL, Flickinger CJ (1995). "Human SP-10: acrosomal distribution, processing, and fate after the acrosome reaction.". *Biol. Reprod.*. **51** (6): 1222–31. [doi:10.1095/biolreprod51.6.1222](https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod51.6.1222). [PMID 7888499](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7888499)
- Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". *Gene*. **138** (1–2): 171–4. [doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8](https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8). [PMID 8125298](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8125298)
- Wright RM, Suri AK, Kornreich B (1993). "Cloning and characterization of the gene coding for the human acrosomal protein SP-10". *Biol. Reprod.*. **49** (2): 316–25. [doi:10.1095/biolreprod49.2.316](https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod49.2.316). [PMID 8373955](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8373955)
- Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". *Gene*. **200** (1–2): 149–56. [doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3). [PMID 9373149](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9373149)
- Reddi PP, Shore AN, Acharya KK, Herr JC (2002). "Transcriptional regulation of spermiogenesis: insights from the study of the gene encoding the acrosomal protein SP-10". *J. Reprod. Immunol.*. **53** (1–2): 25–36. [doi:10.1016/S0165-0378(01)00104-8](https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0378(01)00104-8). [PMID 11730901](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11730901)
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.*. **99** (26): 16899–903. [Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PNAS...9916899M). [doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.242603899). [PMC 139241](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC139241). [PMID 12477932](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12477932)
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". *Genome Res.*. **14** (10B): 2121–7. [doi:10.1101/gr.2596504](https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.2596504). [PMC 528928](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC528928). [PMID 15489334](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15489334)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [ACRV1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACRV1) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACRV1?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.