# ACM Computing Classification System

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/ACM_Computing_Classification_System
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/ACM_Computing_Classification_System.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACM_Computing_Classification_System
> Source revision: 1292816386
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Classification system for computer science topics

The **ACM Computing Classification System** (**CCS**) is a subject classification system for [computing](/source/Computing) devised by the [Association for Computing Machinery](/source/Association_for_Computing_Machinery) (ACM). The system is comparable to the [Mathematics Subject Classification](/source/Mathematics_Subject_Classification) (MSC) in scope, aims, and structure, being used by the various ACM journals to organize subjects by area.

## History

The system has gone through seven revisions, the first version being published in 1964, and revised versions appearing in 1982, 1983, 1987, 1991, 1998, and the now current version in 2012.

## Structure

It is hierarchically structured in four levels. For example, one branch of the hierarchy contains:

- Computing methodologies - [Artificial intelligence](/source/Artificial_intelligence) - [Knowledge representation and reasoning](/source/Knowledge_representation_and_reasoning) - [Ontology engineering](/source/Ontology_engineering)

## See also

- [Computer Science Ontology](/source/Computer_Science_Ontology)

- [Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme](/source/Physics_and_Astronomy_Classification_Scheme)

- [arXiv](/source/ArXiv), a [preprint server](/source/Preprint) allowing submitted papers to be classified using the ACM CCS

- [Physics Subject Headings](/source/PhySH)

## References

- Coulter, Neal (1997), "ACM's computing classification system reflects changing times", *Communications of the ACM*, **40** (12), New York, NY, USA: ACM: 111–112, [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1145/265563.265579](https://doi.org/10.1145%2F265563.265579), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [42548816](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:42548816).

- Coulter, Neal (chair); French, James; Glinert, Ephraim; Horton, Thomas; Mead, Nancy; Ralston, Anthony; Rada, Roy; Rodkin, Craig; Rous, Bernard; Tucker, Allen; Wegner, Peter; Weiss, Eric; Wierzbicki, Carol (January 21, 1998), ["Computing Classification System 1998: Current Status and Future Maintenance Report of the CCS Update Committee"](http://www.acm.org/about/class/ccsup.pdf) (PDF), *Computing Reviews*, New York, NY, USA: ACM: 1–5.

- Mirkin, Boris; Nascimento, Susana; Pereira, Luis Moniz (2008), "Representing a Computer Science Research Organization on the ACM Computing Classification System", in Eklund, Peter; Haemmerlé, Ollivier (eds.), [*Supplementary Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Conceptual Structures (ICCS-2008)*](http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-354/p19.pdf) (PDF), CEUR Workshop Proceedings, vol. 354, RWTH Aachen University, pp. 57–65.

## External links

- [dl.acm.org/ccs](https://dl.acm.org/ccs) is the homepage of the system, including links to four complete versions of the system: - the [1964 version](http://www.acm.org/about/class/cr64) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161201090453/http://www.acm.org/about/class/cr64) 2016-12-01 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) - the [1991 version](http://www.acm.org/about/class/class91-toc) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170921173850/http://www.acm.org/about/class/class91-toc) 2017-09-21 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) - the [1998 version](https://www.acm.org/publications/computing-classification-system/1998) - the [current 2012 version](http://www.acm.org/about/class/2012).

- The [ACM Computing Research Repository](https://arxiv.org/corr/home) uses a [classification scheme](https://arxiv.org/corr/subjectclasses) that is much coarser than the ACM subject classification, and does not cover all areas of CS, but is intended to better cover active areas of research. In addition, papers in this repository are classified according to the ACM subject classification.

- The [ACM/IEEE/AAAI Computer Science Curriculum Guidance 2023](https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3664191) describes a body of knowledge for computer science divided into 17 knowledge areas, similar to the above classifications.

v t e Computer science This template follows roughly the 2012 ACM Computing Classification System Hardware Printed circuit board Peripheral Integrated circuit Very-large-scale integration System on a chip (SoC) Energy consumption (green computing) Electronic design automation Hardware acceleration Processor Size – Form Systems organization Computer architecture Computational complexity Dependability Embedded system Real-time computing Cyber-physical system Fault tolerance Wireless sensor network Networks Network architecture Network protocol Network components Network scheduler Network performance evaluation Network service Software organization Interpreter Middleware Virtual machine Operating system Software quality Software notations, tools Programming paradigm Programming language Compiler Domain-specific language Modeling language Software framework Integrated development environment Software configuration management Software library Software repository Software development Control flow Software development process Requirements analysis Software design Software construction Software deployment Software engineering Software maintenance Programming team Open source model Theory of computing Model of computation Stochastic Formal language Automata theory Computability theory Computational complexity theory Logic Semantics Algorithms Algorithm design Analysis of algorithms Algorithmic efficiency Randomized algorithm Computational geometry Mathematics of computing Discrete mathematics Probability Statistics Mathematical software Information theory Mathematical analysis Numerical analysis Theoretical computer science Computational problem Information systems Database management Information storage Enterprise information Social information Geographic information Decision support Process control Multimedia information Data mining Digital library Computing platform Digital marketing World Wide Web Information retrieval Security Cryptography Formal methods Security hacker Security services Intrusion detection system Hardware security Network security Information security Application security Human- centered computing Accessibility Extended reality augmented virtual Human–computer interaction Interaction design Mobile computing Social computing Ubiquitous computing Visualization Concurrency Concurrent computing Parallel computing Distributed computing Multithreading Multiprocessing Artificial intelligence Computational intelligence Natural language processing Knowledge representation and reasoning Computer vision Automated planning and scheduling Search methodology Control method Philosophy of Distributed Machine learning Supervised Unsupervised Reinforcement Multi-task Cross-validation Graphics Animation Rendering Photograph manipulation Graphics processing unit Image compression Solid modeling Applied computing Quantum computing E-commerce Enterprise software Computational mathematics Computational physics Computational chemistry Computational biology Computational social science Computational engineering Differentiable computing Computational healthcare Digital art Electronic publishing Cyberwarfare Electronic voting Video games Word processing Operations research Educational technology Document management Outline Glossaries Category

This computer science article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.

- [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Comp-sci-stub)
- [t](/source/Template_talk%3AComp-sci-stub)
- [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Comp-sci-stub)

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [ACM Computing Classification System](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACM_Computing_Classification_System) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACM_Computing_Classification_System?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.