# 993

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Calendar year

This article is about the year 993.  For the car, see [Porsche 993](/source/Porsche_993).

This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. Find sources: "993" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2021)

Calendar year

Years Millennium 1st millennium Centuries 9th century 10th century 11th century Decades 970s 980s 990s 1000s 1010s Years 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 v t e

993 by topic Leaders Political entities State leaders Religious leaders Categories Births Deaths Establishments v t e

993 in various calendars Gregorian calendar 993 CMXCIII Ab urbe condita 1746 Armenian calendar 442 ԹՎ ՆԽԲ Assyrian calendar 5743 Balinese saka calendar 914–915 Bengali calendar 399–400 Berber calendar 1943 Buddhist calendar 1537 Burmese calendar 355 Byzantine calendar 6501–6502 Chinese calendar 壬辰年 (Water Dragon) 3690 or 3483 — to — 癸巳年 (Water Snake) 3691 or 3484 Coptic calendar 709–710 Discordian calendar 2159 Ethiopian calendar 985–986 Hebrew calendar 4753–4754 Hindu calendars - Vikram Samvat 1049–1050 - Shaka Samvat 914–915 - Kali Yuga 4093–4094 Holocene calendar 10993 Iranian calendar 371–372 Islamic calendar 382–383 Japanese calendar Shōryaku 4 (正暦４年) Javanese calendar 894–895 Julian calendar 993 CMXCIII Korean calendar 3326 Minguo calendar 919 before ROC 民前919年 Nanakshahi calendar −475 Seleucid era 1304/1305 AG Thai solar calendar 1535–1536 Tibetan calendar ཆུ་ཕོ་འབྲུག་ལོ་ (male Water-Dragon) 1119 or 738 or −34 — to — ཆུ་མོ་སྦྲུལ་ལོ་ (female Water-Snake) 1120 or 739 or −33

[Duchy of Lower Lorraine](/source/Lower_Lorraine) (green) after [977](/source/977).

*97*Year **993** (**[CMXCIII](/source/Roman_numerals)**) was a [common year starting on Sunday](/source/Common_year_starting_on_Sunday) of the [Julian calendar](/source/Julian_calendar).

## Events

### By place

#### Europe

- Spring – The 12-year-old King [Otto III](/source/Otto_III) gives the [Sword of Saints Cosmas and Damian](/source/Sword_of_Saints_Cosmas_and_Damian) (also known as the **Sword of Essen**) as a gift to the [convent](/source/Convent) in [Essen](/source/Essen). It symbolises the [martyrdom](/source/Martyr) of [Cosmas and Damian](/source/Saints_Cosmas_and_Damian), the [patron saints](/source/Patron_saint) of the city.

- [Charles](/source/Charles%2C_Duke_of_Lower_Lorraine), duke of [Lower Lorraine](/source/Lower_Lorraine), dies in prison in [Orléans](/source/Orl%C3%A9ans) (see [991](/source/991)). He is succeeded by his son [Otto II](/source/Otto%2C_Duke_of_Lower_Lorraine), who inherits the full dukedom and pledges his allegiance to Otto III.

#### Africa

- [Egyptian](/source/Egyptians) military commander [Isa ibn Nasturus ibn Surus](/source/Isa_ibn_Nasturus_ibn_Surus) appointed [Vizier](/source/Vizier_(Fatimid_Caliphate)) of [Egypt](/source/Egypt_in_the_Middle_Ages).

### By topic

#### Religion

- [July 4](/source/July_4) – Pope [John XV](/source/Pope_John_XV) issues a decree [canonizing](/source/Canonization) the late Bishop [Ulrich of Augsburg](/source/Ulrich_of_Augsburg), the first recorded canonization of a [saint](/source/Saint).

#### Astronomy

- An increase in [14 C](/source/Carbon-14) concentration, recorded in [tree rings](/source/Dendrochronology#Growth_rings), as well as [36 Cl](/source/Chlorine-36) and [10 Be](/source/Beryllium-10) isotopes, recorded in [ice cores](/source/Ice_core), suggests that a [strong solar storm](/source/993%E2%80%93994_carbon-14_spike) may have hit the [Earth](/source/Earth) in either 993 or 994.

[1][*[dubious](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement) – [discuss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:993#Dubious)*] [2][3]

## Births

- [Majd al-Dawla](/source/Majd_al-Dawla), Buyid emir of [Rayy](/source/Rey%2C_Iran) (d. [1029](/source/1029))

- [Samuel ibn Naghrillah](/source/Samuel_ibn_Naghrillah), Spanish [Talmudic](/source/Talmud) scholar

- [Sultan al-Dawla](/source/Sultan_al-Dawla), Buyid emir of [Fars](/source/Fars_province) (d. [1024](/source/1024))

## Deaths

- [March 13](/source/March_13) – [Odo I](/source/Odo_I%2C_Margrave_of_the_Saxon_Ostmark), German [nobleman](/source/Nobility)

- [October 19](/source/October_19) – [Conrad I](/source/Conrad_I_of_Burgundy), king of [Burgundy](/source/Kingdom_of_Burgundy)

- [December 9](/source/December_9) – [Egbert](/source/Egbert_(archbishop_of_Trier)), archbishop of [Trier](/source/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Trier)

- [Arnulf](/source/Arnulf%2C_Count_of_Holland) (or **Aernout**), count of [Friesland](/source/County_of_Holland)

- [Borrell II](/source/Borrell_II%2C_Count_of_Barcelona), count of [Barcelona](/source/County_of_Barcelona) and [Urgell](/source/County_of_Urgell)

- [Charles](/source/Charles%2C_Duke_of_Lower_Lorraine), duke of [Lower Lorraine](/source/Lower_Lorraine) (b. [953](/source/953))

- [David II](/source/David_II_of_Klarjeti), prince of [Tao-Klarjeti](/source/Principality_of_Tao-Klarjeti) ([Georgia](/source/Georgia_(country)))

- [Landenulf II](/source/Landenulf_II_of_Capua), Lombard prince of [Capua](/source/Principality_of_Capua)

- [Maelcairearda](/source/Maelcairearda), king of [Uí Briúin](/source/U%C3%AD_Bri%C3%BAin) ([Ireland](/source/Ireland))

- [Minamoto no Masanobu](/source/Minamoto_no_Masanobu), Japanese nobleman (b. [920](/source/920))

- [William I](/source/William_I_of_Provence), French nobleman (b. [950](/source/950))

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Mekhaldi, Florian; Muscheler, Raimund; Adolphi, Florian; Aldahan, Ala; Beer, Jürg; McConnell, Joseph R.; Possnert, Göran; Sigl, Michael; Svensson, Anders; Synal, Hans-Arno; Welten, Kees C. (October 26, 2015). ["Multiradionuclide evidence for the solar origin of the cosmic-ray events of AD 774/5 and 993/4"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4639793). *Nature Communications*. **6** (1): 8611. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/ncomms9611](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fncomms9611). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [2041-1723](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2041-1723). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [4639793](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4639793). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [26497389](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26497389).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [Ancient solar storm pinpoints Viking settlement in Americas exactly 1,000 years ago (National Geographic)](https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/ancient-solar-storm-pinpoints-viking-settlement-americas-exactly-1000-years-ago)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-i703_3-0)** Kuitems, Margot; Wallace, Birgitta L.; Lindsay, Charles; Scifo, Andrea; Doeve, Petra; Jenkins, Kevin; Lindauer, Susanne; Erdil, Pınar; Ledger, Paul M.; Forbes, Véronique; Vermeeren, Caroline; Friedrich, Ronny; Dee, Michael W. (January 20, 2022). ["Evidence for European presence in the Americas in ad 1021"](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03972-8). *Nature*. **601** (7893): 388–391. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/s41586-021-03972-8](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-021-03972-8). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0028-0836](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [8770119](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8770119). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [34671168](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34671168). Retrieved February 27, 2026.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [993](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/993) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/993?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.