# 95th Wing

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{{Redirect|95th Bombardment Wing|the 95th Combat Bombardment Wing of World War II|95th Combat Bombardment Wing}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name=95th Wing
60px|center
| image=EighthAirForceactivates95thWing.jpg
| image_size=300
| caption=Col David Leaumont, 95th Wing commander, unfurls the wing guidon during the wing activation ceremony at [Offutt AFB](/source/Offutt_AFB) 
| dates=1942–1945, 1947–1949, 1952–1966, 1966–1976, 1994–2012, 2025-present
| country={{USA}}
| branch={{air force|USA}}
| type= 
| role=[Command, control and communications](/source/Command%2C_control_and_communications)
| size= 
| command_structure=[Air Force Global Strike Command](/source/Air_Force_Global_Strike_Command)
| website=https://www.offutt.af.mil/Units/95th-Wing/
| current_commander= Col. David Leaumont
| garrison=[Offutt AFB](/source/Offutt_AFB), Nebraska 
| nickname="First B-17's over Berlin – 1944" (WW II){{citation needed|date=April 2025}}
| motto=Justice with Victory
| colors= 
| march= 
| mascot= 
| battles= 
| notable_commanders= Colonel [Charles B. DeBellevue](/source/Charles_B._DeBellevue)<br/>General [John K. Gerhart](/source/John_K._Gerhart)<br/>General [John Dale Ryan](/source/John_Dale_Ryan)<br/>Lt Gen [Gerald W. Johnson](/source/Gerald_W._Johnson_(military_officer))
| anniversaries= 
| decorations=[Distinguished Unit Citation](/source/Distinguished_Unit_Citation) <br />[Air Force Outstanding Unit Award](/source/Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award)
| battle_honours= 
<!-- Insignia -->
| identification_symbol= 150px
| identification_symbol_label=95th Wing emblem{{efn|Approved 11 October 1995.}}<ref name=95ABWfacts>{{cite web |url= https://www.dafhistory.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/432718/95-air-base-wing-afmc/ |last1=Robertson|first1=Patsy|title=Factsheet 95 Air Base Wing (AFMC)|date=20 June 2010|publisher=Air Force Historical Research Agency|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20250423142034/https://www.dafhistory.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/432718/95-air-base-wing-afmc/ |archive-date=April 23, 2025|access-date=April 23, 2025}}</ref>
| identification_symbol_2=150px
| identification_symbol_2_label =95th Bombardment Wing emblem{{efn|Approved 3 September 1957.  Description: On a shield [azure](/source/azure_(heraldry)), a Justin cross throughout [argent](/source/argent), over all a feather [in bend](/source/Bend_(heraldry)) [gules](/source/gules), all within a narrow edge white.}}<ref name=Ravenstein>Ravenstein, pp. 133–134</ref>
| identification_symbol_3= 150px
| identification_symbol_3_label = 95th Bombardment Group emblem{{efn|Approved 25 February 1943.  Description: On a shield azure, a Justin cross throughout [or](/source/or_(heraldry)), over all a feather in bend gules.}}<ref name=Maurer95BG>Maurer, ''Combat Units'', pp. 163–165</ref>
| identification_symbol_4= <big>'''Square B'''</big>
| identification_symbol_4_label = World War II tail marking<ref>Watkins, pp. 42–43</ref>
}}

The '''95th Wing''' is a tenant wing at Offutt Air Force Base that was activated on 28 February 2025.

The wing was previously assigned to the [Air Force Flight Test Center](/source/Air_Force_Flight_Test_Center) of [Air Force Materiel Command](/source/Air_Force_Materiel_Command) at [Edwards Air Force Base](/source/Edwards_Air_Force_Base), California, where it was inactivated on 13 July 2012.

During World War II its predecessor, the '''95th Bombardment Group''', was a [Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress](/source/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress) unit in England, stationed at [RAF Horham](/source/RAF_Horham). It was the only [Eighth Air Force](/source/Eighth_Air_Force) group awarded three [Distinguished Unit Citation](/source/Distinguished_Unit_Citation)s, with the highest total claims of enemy aircraft destroyed of all Eighth Air Force Bomb Groups − 425 aircraft. It was also the first [U.S. Army Air Forces](/source/United_States_Army_Air_Forces) group to bomb Berlin.<ref name=Freeman245>Freeman, p. 245</ref>  From 1947 to 1949 the '''95th Bombardment Group''' served in the reserves.  It was inactivated when [Continental Air Command](/source/Continental_Air_Command) reorganized its reserve flying units under the [wing base organization](/source/Hobson_Plan) model.

During the [Cold War](/source/Cold_War), the [Strategic Air Command](/source/Strategic_Air_Command) (SAC) '''95th Bombardment Wing''' performed strategic bombardment training with [Convair B-36 Peacemaker](/source/Convair_B-36_Peacemaker) and later [Boeing B-52 Stratofortress](/source/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress) bombers. It operated to support SAC's global commitments from April 1954 until SAC's phaseout of operations at [Biggs Air Force Base](/source/Biggs_Air_Force_Base), [Texas](/source/Texas) in 1966.  The wing was activated later that year as the '''95th Strategic Wing''' at [Goose Air Base](/source/Goose_Air_Base), Canada to replace the 4082d Strategic Wing.  At Goose, it supported forward deployed SAC tankers.  It was inactivated in 1976 as the Air Force withdrew from Goose Air Base.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.strategic-air-command.com/bases/Goose_Bay_AFB.htm|title=SAC Bases: Goose ir Base|website=strategic-air-command.com|access-date=8 January 2015}}</ref>

In 1984, the 95th group and wing were consolidated into a single unit.  The consolidated unit was redesignated the '''95th Air Base Wing''' and was activated in 1994 as the host organization at Edwards, absorbing the mission, personnel and equipment of the inactivating 650th Air Base Wing.

==Mission==
The mission of the wing is to operate a set of joint units and capabilities to assure worldwide survivable and enduring command and control to the [President](/source/President_of_the_United_States), [Secretary of Defense](/source/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense), and [Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff](/source/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff) throughout the entirety of the threat spectrum to deter strategic attack on the United States and enable uninterrupted execution of national security responsibilities. This unit also specializes in organizing, training, and equipping a dedicated team of professionals to execute combatant commanders’ tasks on a global scale.

==History==
===World War II===
====Training in the United States====
The wing was activated in 1942 as the '''95th Bombardment Group''' at [Barksdale Field](/source/Barksdale_Field), Louisiana with the [334th](/source/334th_Bombardment_Squadron),<ref name=Maurer334BS>Maurer, ''Combat Squadrons'', pp. 411–412</ref> [335th](/source/335th_Bombardment_Squadron),<ref name=Maurer335BS>Maurer, ''Combat Squadrons'', pp. 413–414</ref> [336th](/source/336th_Bombardment_Squadron),<ref name=Maurer336BS>Maurer, ''Combat Squadrons'', p. 415</ref> and [412th Bombardment Squadron](/source/412th_Bombardment_Squadron)s assigned.<ref name=Maurer95BG/><ref name=Maurer412BS>Maurer, ''Combat Squadrons'', p. 504</ref>

The [group](/source/group_(military_aviation_unit)) began training in August at [Geiger Field](/source/Geiger_Field), Washington,<ref name=Freeman245/> where it was equipped with [Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress](/source/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress)es.  The unit trained for combat operations until moving overseas starting in March<ref name=Maurer95BG/> The unit trained at [Ephrata Army Air Base](/source/Ephrata_Army_Air_Base), Washington and Geiger. Final training was conducted at [Rapid City Army Air Base](/source/Rapid_City_Army_Air_Base), South Dakota from 14 December 1942 to 11 March 1943.<ref name=Freeman245/>

The air echelon processed at [Kearney Army Air Field](/source/Kearney_Army_Air_Field), Nebraska and flew its Forts via the southern route, flying to Florida, [Trinidad](/source/Trinidad), the northern coast of Brazil, [Dakar](/source/Dakar), Senegal, and [Marrakesh](/source/Marrakesh), Morocco to [RAF Alconbury](/source/RAF_Alconbury) in the United Kingdom.  The ground echelon moved to [Camp Kilmer](/source/Camp_Kilmer), then sailed on the {{RMS|Queen Elizabeth}} to Scotland, arriving in May.  The squadron then reunited at [RAF Framlingham](/source/RAF_Framlingham).<ref name=Freeman245/>

====Combat with Eighth Air Force====
The group arrived in England equipped with late model B-17F aircraft equipped with "Tokyo Tanks", additional fuel cells located outboard in the wings that gave this model additional range.<ref>Freeman, p. 47</ref> It flew its first combat mission on 13 May 1943 against an [airfield](/source/military_air_base) near [Saint-Omer](/source/Saint-Omer), France.  For the next two months the 95th focused on attacking airfields and [V-1 flying bomb](/source/V-1_flying_bomb) launch sites in France.<ref name=Maurer95BG/>

thumb|Group Boeing B-17Gs in combat formation{{efn|In foreground is Boeing B-17G-85-BO, serial 43-38283. It was initially assigned to the 334th Bombardment Squadron as BG-A.  It later transferred to the 336th squadron as ET-A. It crashed at Neustadt, Germany after suffering mechanical failure on 17 March 1945.  MACR 13111.}}

[Eighth Air Force](/source/United_States_Air_Forces_Europe)'s early experience with its [Martin B-26 Marauder](/source/Martin_B-26_Marauder)s convinced it that the Marauders were stationed too far from the continent of Europe to reach a selection of targets.<ref>Freeman, p. 50</ref> It determined to move them closer to the target areas, and an exchange of bases began.  The entire 95th group moved to [RAF Horham](/source/RAF_Horham) in June, where they replaced the [323d Bombardment Group](/source/323d_Bombardment_Group), which departed the previous day.<ref name=Maurer95BG/><ref>Maurer, ''Combat Units'', pp. 203–204</ref> A few days later their place at Framlingham was taken by the newly arrived [390th Bombardment Group](/source/390th_Bombardment_Group).<ref name=Maurer95BG/><ref>Maurer, ''Combat Units'', pp. 277–278</ref>

The 95th began strategic bombing operations in July and continued until flying its last operation on 20 April 1945.  Its targets included [harbor](/source/harbor)s, [marshalling yard](/source/marshalling_yard)s and other industrial targets along with attacks on cities.  On 13 June 1943 the group was leading the [4th Bombardment Wing](/source/4th_Bombardment_Wing) in an attack on [Kiel](/source/Kiel), Germany.  The lead aircraft carried Brigadier General Nathan B. Forrest as an observer.  The aircraft was hit by fighters on its approach to the target, and again after the bomb run was complete.  It was last seen spiraling out of control with much of its tail shot away.  General Forrest was the first United States [general officer](/source/general_officer) killed in action in Europe during the war.<ref>Freeman, pp. 51, 245</ref>

The group received its first [Distinguished Unit Citation](/source/Distinguished_Unit_Citation) (DUC) during an attack on an [aircraft factory](/source/factory) at [Regensburg](/source/Regensburg), Germany on 17 August 1943 when it maintained its defensive formation despite severe attacks by enemy [interceptor aircraft](/source/interceptor_aircraft).<ref name=Maurer95BG/> On 10 October, during an attack on marshalling yards at [Münster](/source/M%C3%BCnster), Germany, the squadron was subjected to concentrated fighter attacks on the approach to the target and intense [flak](/source/anti-aircraft_warfare) over the objective.<ref name=Maurer95BG/> Despite these obstacles, the group's bombs were clustered close to the target.<ref>Freeman, p. 77</ref> It was awarded a second DUC for withstanding these attacks to bomb its objective.

thumb|left|334th squadron B-17 under attack by German fighters, already showing damage to the right wing, with the tail gunner engaging the enemy
From 20 to 25 February 1944 the group participated in the [Big Week](/source/Big_Week) offensive against the German aircraft manufacturing industry.  A few days later, on 4 March, the squadron attacked [Berlin](/source/Berlin) despite adverse weather that led other units to either abandon the operation or attack secondary targets.  Despite [snowstorm](/source/snowstorm)s and heavy cloud cover, the unit struck its target while under attack from enemy fighters,<ref name=Maurer95BG/> although the cloud cover required the group to rely on a pathfinder from the [482d Bombardment Group](/source/482d_Bombardment_Group) to determine the release point.<ref>Freeman, p. 113</ref> It received its third DUC for this operation.<ref name=Maurer95BG/> This mission was the first time any unit from [Eighth Air Force](/source/Eighth_Air_Force) had bombed Berlin.<ref name=Freeman245/>

The group was diverted to bombing priority tactical targets during the preparation for and execution of [Operation Overlord](/source/Operation_Overlord), the invasion of Normandy in June 1944, attacking communications and coastal defenses.  It hit enemy troop concentrations to facilitate the Allied breakout at [Saint-Lô](/source/Saint-L%C3%B4).  The 95th attacked enemy troop concentrations during the [Battle of the Bulge](/source/Battle_of_the_Bulge) from December 1944 to January 1945 and bombed airfields to support [Operation Varsity](/source/Operation_Varsity), the airborne assault across the [Rhine](/source/Rhine) in March.<ref name=Maurer95BG/>

One of the unit's more unusual missions was flown on 18 September 1944, when it led the [13th Combat Bombardment Wing](/source/13th_Combat_Bombardment_Wing)<ref>Freeman, pp. 175–176</ref> to [Warsaw](/source/Warsaw) to drop [ammunition](/source/ammunition), food and medical supplies to Polish Resistance forces fighting against German [occupation](/source/military_occupation) forces.<ref name=Maurer95BG/> The group landed in the Soviet Union, as it had previously done during shuttle missions to the Soviet Union.<ref>Freeman, p. 174</ref>

The unit flew its last mission on 20 April 1945, when it attacked marshalling yards near [Oranienburg](/source/Oranienburg).<ref name=Freeman230>Freeman, p. 230</ref> During its time with Eighth Air Force the 95th flew 320 missions, losing 157 aircraft, but claiming the destruction of 425 German fighters.<ref name=Freeman245/>

In the first week of May, it airdropped food to Dutch citizens in Operation Chow Hound.   During the final Chow Hound mission on 7 May one of the group's aircraft had an engine catch fire.  The pilot decided to ditch the aircraft when the fire threatened to engulf the entire plane, but hit a swell, causing the aircraft to break up almost at once.<ref name=Freeman230/> This was the last operational loss suffered by Eighth Air Force in World War II.<ref name=Freeman245/> From [V-E Day](/source/V-E_Day) until departing the theater in June, the 95th transported liberated [prisoners of war](/source/prisoners_of_war) and [displaced persons](/source/displaced_persons).<ref name=Maurer95BG/> The air echelon flew their planes back to [Bradley Field](/source/Bradley_Air_National_Guard_Base), Connecticut, while the ground echelon sailed once more on the ''Queen Elizabeth''.<ref name=Freeman245/> The squadron was reunited at [Sioux Falls Army Air Field](/source/Sioux_Falls_Army_Air_Field), South Dakota, where it was inactivated on 28 August 1945.<ref name=Maurer95BG/>

===Air Force Reserve===
The 95th Bombardment Group was reactivated in the [Air Force Reserve](/source/Air_Force_Reserve) at [Memphis International Airport](/source/Memphis_International_Airport), Tennessee in May 1947 as a [Boeing B-29 Superfortress](/source/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress) unit, where its training was supervised by the 468th AAF Base Unit (later the 2584th Air Force Reserve Training Center).<ref name=Ravenstein516TAW>''See'' Ravenstein, pp. 283–284</ref> It is not clear whether or not the wing was fully staffed or equipped.  The group was inactivated when [Continental Air Command](/source/Continental_Air_Command) reorganized its reserve units under the [wing base organization](/source/Hobson_Plan) system in June 1949.<ref name=Maurer95BG/> The group's personnel and equipment at Memphis were transferred to the [516th Troop Carrier Wing](/source/516th_Troop_Carrier_Wing).<ref name=Ravenstein516TAW/>

===Bombardment Operations at Biggs Air Force Base===

The '''95th Bombardment Wing''' was established on 4 June 1952, and activated on 16 June 1952 at [Biggs Air Force Base](/source/Biggs_Army_Airfield), Texas.{{efn|Although the 95th Wing was newly activated, it continued, through temporary bestowal, the history, and honors of the World War II 95th Bombardment Group.  This temporary bestowal ended in January 1984, when the wing and group were consolidated into a single unit.}} However, because it was not manned, it was not assigned to the [Eighth Air Force](/source/Eighth_Air_Force)'s [810th Air Division](/source/810th_Air_Division) until July 1953, and then minimally manned until September 1953, when it began strategic bombardment training with [Convair B-36 Peacemaker](/source/Convair_B-36_Peacemaker)s.<ref name=Ravenstein/> It operated in support of [Strategic Air Command](/source/Strategic_Air_Command) (SAC)'s global commitments from April 1954 until February 1966.

thumb|left|Former 95th Bomb Wing Convair B-36J Peacemaker at the Pima Air Museum
The wing deployed to [Andersen Air Force Base](/source/Andersen_Air_Force_Base), [Guam](/source/Guam), and operated under control of [3d Air Division](/source/3d_Air_Division_(United_States)) from July to November 1955.<ref name=Ravenstein/>

thumb|left|95th Bomb Wing Boeing B-52B
On 12 February 1959, the last B-36J in SAC's inventory departed the wing and Biggs for [Amon Carter Field](/source/Amon_Carter_Field), in [Fort Worth](/source/Fort_Worth), Texas, where it became a display aircraft.<ref>Knaack, p. 52</ref>

The wing received [Boeing B-52 Stratofortress](/source/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress)es to replace the B-36s.  In May 1959, it added the [917th Air Refueling Squadron](/source/917th_Air_Refueling_Squadron) with [Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker](/source/Boeing_KC-135_Stratotanker)s, which became operational in August.

In the late 1950s, SAC established Strategic Wings to disperse its B-52s over a larger number of bases, thus making it more difficult for the Soviet Union to knock out the entire fleet with a surprise first strike.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/001/056/917.xml|title=Abstract (Unclassified), Vol 1, History of Strategic Air Command, Jan–Jun 1957 (Secret)|publisher=Air Force History Index|access-date=4 March 2014}}</ref> As part of this program, the wing's 335th Bombardment Squadron moved to [Bergstrom Air Force Base](/source/Bergstrom_Air_Force_Base), Texas on 15 January 1959, where it was assigned to the [4130th Strategic Wing](/source/4130th_Strategic_Wing).<ref name=Maurer335BS/> The 336th Bombardment Squadron moved to [Turner Air Force Base](/source/Turner_Air_Force_Base), Georgia in July and was assigned to the [4138th Strategic Wing](/source/4138th_Strategic_Wing) there.<ref name=Maurer336BS/> The 334th Bombardment Squadron remained at Biggs with the 95th Bomb Wing.<ref name=Maurer334BS/><ref name=Ravenstein/>

Starting in 1960, one-third of the wing's aircraft were maintained on fifteen-minute [alert](/source/alert_state), fully fueled, armed and ready for combat to reduce vulnerability to a Soviet missile strike.  This was increased to half the squadron's aircraft in 1962.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/001/010/802.xml|title=Abstract (Unclassified), History of the Strategic Bomber since 1945 (Top Secret, downgraded to Secret)|date=1 April 1975|publisher=Air Force History Index|access-date=4 March 2014}}</ref> The 95th continued to maintain an alert commitment until shortly before inactivation on 25 June 1966 with the transfer of Biggs to the [United States Army](/source/United_States_Army).<ref name=Maurer334BS/><ref name=Ravenstein/> Its commitment included periodic airborne alert as part of [Operation Chrome Dome](/source/Operation_Chrome_Dome).<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/000/461/255.xml |title=Abstract, History 4238 Strategic Wing Jul 1961|publisher=Air Force History Index|access-date=18 April 2014}}</ref>

On 7 April 1961, one of the wing's B-52Bs was participating in an air intercept training mission with a pair of [North American F-100 Super Sabre](/source/North_American_F-100_Super_Sabre)s from the [188th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron](/source/188th_Fighter-Interceptor_Squadron) of the [New Mexico Air National Guard](/source/New_Mexico_Air_National_Guard).  For the exercise the fighters were armed with [GAR-8 Sidewinder](/source/GAR-8_Sidewinder) missiles, which were wired so that only the [heat seeking](/source/infrared_homing) head of the missile was operational.  On the sixth pass by the fighters, a Sidewinder launched and struck one of the engine pods on the bomber's left wing.  Four on board the B-52 escaped by parachute, but three crewmembers died in the crash.  The misfire was blamed on moisture in the connection of the missile to the F-100.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.angelfire.com/dc/jinxx1/images/Shootdown.html |last1=Bossie|first1=Clifford|title=Blue on blue: The accidental shootdown of B-52B 53-0380|date=24 February 2011|publisher=Angelfire|access-date=16 April 2014}}</ref>

===Tanker Operations at Goose Air Base===
<!-- linked from redirect [4082d Strategic Wing](/source/4082d_Strategic_Wing) -->
thumb|150px|left|Patch with 4082d Strategic Wing emblem
{{anchor|4082d Strategic Wing}}
thumb|Goose Air Base
In August 1966 the wing was redesignated as the '''95th Strategic Wing''' and moved to [Goose Air Base](/source/Goose_Air_Base), Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, where it replaced the 4082d Strategic Wing. The 4082d was organized by SAC on 1 April 1957 as a Major Command controlled (MAJCON) wing{{efn|Under the USAF organization and lineage system [MAJCON](/source/List_of_MAJCOM_wings_of_the_United_States_Air_Force) units' lineages (histories, awards, and battle honors) ended with their discontinuance and could never be revived. Ravenstein, Guide to Air Force Lineage and Honors, p. 12.}} and assigned to the [45th Air Division](/source/45th_Air_Division)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=10099 |title=Factsheet 45 Air Division |date=5 October 2007|publisher=Air Force Historical Research Agency |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121021111856/http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=10099 |archive-date=21 October 2012|access-date=4 April 2014}}</ref> when SAC took over Goose from [Northeast Air Command](/source/Northeast_Air_Command).  The 4082d controlled forward deployed bombers and tankers.  As the host USAF organization for Goose Bay it was assigned the 4082d Air Base Group (later 4082d Combat Support Group) and the 4082d USAF Hospital.{{efn|On 1 April 1959 the 868th Medical Group replaced the hospital.}}

In order to retain the lineage of its MAJCON 4-digit combat units and to perpetuate the lineage of many currently inactive bombardment units with illustrious World War II records, Headquarters SAC received authority from Headquarters USAF to discontinue its MAJCON strategic wings and to activate Air Force Controlled (AFCON) units, which could carry a lineage and history.{{efn|The 95th Wing was entitled to retain the honors (but not the history or lineage) of the 4082d.}} The 95th Wing supported SAC's KC-135 alert tanker forces in eastern Canada and the North Atlantic.<ref name=Ravenstein/> The wing also provided logistic support for northern radar sites in Canada.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/001/003/237.xml |title=Abstract, History 95 Strategic Wing Jul Jul–Sep 1974|date=16 December 1974|publisher=Air Force History Index|access-date=18 April 2014}}</ref> In June 1974 the wing was awarded an [Air Force Outstanding Unit Award](/source/Air_Force_Outstanding_Unit_Award) for fighting a forest fire which threatened to spread to the station's fuel storage tanks.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/001/009/869.xml |title=Abstract, History 95 Strategic Wing Jul–Sep 1975|date=17 December 1975|publisher=Air Force History Index|access-date=18 April 2014}}</ref>

Goose Air Base was transferred to the [Canadian Department of National Defense](/source/Canadian_Department_of_National_Defense) as [CFB Goose Bay](/source/CFB_Goose_Bay). The Government of Canada had previously shared responsibility for the operation of the airport with the [United States Air Force](/source/United_States_Air_Force).<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/001/001/392.xml |title=Abstract, History 95 Strategic Wing Apr–Jun 1974|date=27 September 1974|publisher=Air Force History Index|access-date=18 April 2014}}</ref> In 1975 the Canadian government informed the United States that the Air Force's lease on Goose Bay Airport would not be renewed when it expired on 30 June 1976.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/001/008/297.xml |title=Abstract, History 95 Strategic Wing Apr–Jun 1975|date=8 October 1975|publisher=Air Force History Index|access-date=18 April 2014}}</ref> The wing phased down for inactivation, closing most USAF operations at Goose AFB between January and September 1976.<ref name=Ravenstein/>

===Base Support at Edwards Air Force Base===
The wing was reactivated as the '''95th Air Base Wing''' on 1 October 1994, when it replaced the 650th Air Base Wing as the host unit for [Edwards Air Force Base](/source/Edwards_Air_Force_Base), California.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/001/121/538.xml |title=Abstract, History Air Force Flight Test Center Fiscal Year 1995|publisher=Air Force History Index|access-date=18 April 2014}}</ref> It was responsible for operating Edwards, including the infrastructure, communication systems, security, fire protection, transportation, supply, finance, contracting, legal services, personnel and manpower support, housing, education, chapel and quality of life programs on a {{convert|301000|acre|km2|adj=on}} base in the middle of the [Mojave Desert](/source/Mojave_Desert), the second largest base in the USAF.<ref name=Arwood>{{cite web |url= https://www.edwards.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/394404/col-arwood-assumes-command-of-95th-air-base-wing/ |last1=Mowry|first1=Laura|title=Col. Arwood assumes command of the 95th Air Base Wing|date=5 July 2012|publisher=Edwards Air Force Base public affairs|access-date=15 April 2014}}</ref>

The wing oversaw base day-to-day operations and provided support for over 12,000 military, federal civilian and contract personnel.<ref name=Arwood/> Approximately 1500 Air Base Wing personnel directly supported the flight test and evaluation mission of the [Air Force Flight Test Center](/source/Air_Force_Flight_Test_Center) and the [412th Test Wing](/source/412th_Test_Wing).  The wing was inactivated on 13 July 2012 and its mission transferred to elements of the 412th wing, primarily to the 412th Mission Support Group.<ref name=NewHeritage>{{cite web |url= http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/000/461/255.xml |last1=Mowry|first1=Laura|title=New heritage for 95th ABW, same tradition of excellence|date=13 July 2012|publisher=Edwards Air Force Base public affairs|access-date=15 April 2014}}</ref> The wing's last commander was Col. Amy V. Arwood, who commanded the wing for its last two weeks.<ref name=Arwood/>

===Global Strike Command Command and Control===
On 1 October 2024, [Air Force Global Strike Command](/source/Air_Force_Global_Strike_Command) activated the 95th Wing (Provisional) at [Offutt Air Force Base](/source/Offutt_Air_Force_Base), Nebraska to prepare for the activation of the wing as the '''95th Wing'''.  The wing’s focus will be  to provide combatant commanders with command and control over assigned forces through global command, control, and communication capabilities and execute strategic requirements as set forth by commanders.  It will integrate three units that currently and bring them together under a single command.  These units are the [595th Command and Control Group](/source/595th_Command_and_Control_Group) at Offutt, the 253rd Command and Control Group of the [Wyoming Air National Guard](/source/Wyoming_Air_National_Guard), and the 610th Command and Control Squadron of [Air Force Reserve Command](/source/Air_Force_Reserve_Command) at [Davis-Monthan Air Force Base](/source/Davis-Monthan_Air_Force_Base), Arizona.  The wing will manage the modernization efforts for the E-4C Survivable Airborne Operations Center, that will replace the aging [Boeing E-4B](/source/Boeing_E-4B).<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/3926682/afgsc-activates-provisional-95th-wing-at-offutt-afb/ |author=No byline|title=AFGSC activates provisional 95th Wing at Offutt AFB|date=October 4, 2024|publisher=Air Force Strike Command Public Affairs|access-date=March 22, 2025}}</ref>  The wing was activated on 28 February 2025, and the provisional wing was inactivated, along with the 595th Group.<ref name=DoomsdayWing>{{cite web |url= https://www.airandspaceforces.com/air-force-nc3-doomsday-wing/ |last1=Roza|first1=David|title=ew Air Force ‘Doomsday’ Wing Boosts Nuclear Command and Control|date=April 1, 2025|publisher=Air & Space Force Magazine|access-date=April 23, 2025}}</ref>

==Lineage==
'''95th Bombardment Group'''
* Constituted as the '''95th Bombardment Group''' (Heavy) on 28 January 1942
* Activated on 15 June 1942
: Redesignated '''95th Bombardment Group''', Heavy on 20 August 1943
* Inactivated on 28 August 1945
: Redesignated '''95th Bombardment Group''', Very Heavy on 13 May 1947
* Activated in the reserve on 29 May 1947
* Inactivated on 27 June 1949
* Consolidated on 31 January 1984 with the '''95th Strategic Wing''' as the '''95th Strategic Wing'''<ref name=95ABWfacts/>

'''95th Wing'''
* Constituted as the '''95th Bombardment Wing''', Medium on 4 June 1952
* Activated on 16 June 1952
: Redesignated '''95th Bombardment Wing''', Heavy on 8 November 1952
* Discontinued and inactivated on 25 June 1966
: Redesignated '''95th Strategic Wing''' on 8 August 1966
: Activated on 8 August 1966 (not organized)
* Organized on 2 August 1966
* Inactivated on 30 September 1976
* Consolidated on 31 January 1984 with the '''95th Bombardment Group''', Very Heavy
: Redesignated '''95 Air Base Wing''' on 16 September 1994
* Activated on 1 October 1994<ref name=95ABWfacts/>
* Inactivated on 13 July 2012<ref name=NewHeritage/>
* Redesignated '''95th Wing'''
: Activated on 28 February 2025<ref name=DoomsdayWing/>

===Assignments===
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break|width=50%}}
* [III Bomber Command](/source/III_Bomber_Command), 15 June 1942
* [II Bomber Command](/source/II_Bomber_Command), 26 June 1942
* [Eighth Air Force](/source/Eighth_Air_Force), 11 May 1943
* [VIII Bomber Command](/source/VIII_Bomber_Command), 19 May 1943
* [4th Bombardment Wing](/source/4th_Bombardment_Wing), 25 May 1943 (attached to 402d Provisional Combat Wing Bombardment (Heavy)), 6 June-12 September 1943
* [3d Bombardment Division](/source/3d_Bombardment_Division), 13 September 1943
* [13 Combat Bombardment Wing (Heavy) (later, 13 Bombardment Wing, Heavy)](/source/13th_Air_Division), 14 September 1943 – August 1945
{{Col-break|width=50%}}
* [21 Bombardment Wing, Very Heavy (later, 21 Air Division, Bombardment)](/source/21st_Air_Division), 29 May 1947 – 27 June 1949
* [810th Air Division](/source/810th_Air_Division), 16 June 1952 (attached to 3d Air Division), 31 July-4 November 1955
* [819th Strategic Aerospace Division](/source/819th_Strategic_Aerospace_Division), 1 July 1962
* [12th Strategic Aerospace Division](/source/12th_Strategic_Aerospace_Division), 1 July 1964 – 25 June 1966
* Strategic Air Command, 8 August 1966 (not organized)
* [45th Air Division](/source/45th_Air_Division), 2 October 1966 – 30 September 1976
* [Air Force Flight Test Center](/source/Air_Force_Flight_Test_Center), 1 October 1994 – 13 July 2012<ref name=NewHeritage/><ref name=95ABWfacts2>Lineage, including assignments, operational units assigned, stations, and aircraft in Robertson, "AFHRA Factsheet".</ref>
* Air Force Global Strike Command, 28 February 2025 – present
{{Col-end}}

===Components===
====Groups====
* 95th Civil Engineer Group: 1 October 1994 – 15 June 2002<ref>''See'' {{cite web |url= http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/001/131/602.xml |title=Abstract, Volume 17 History AF Flight Test Center, Fiscal Years 1996 and 1997|publisher=Air Force History Index|access-date=18 April 2014}}</ref>
* 95th Combat Support Group (later 95th Support Group, Mission Support Group): 1 January 1959 – 25 June 1966, 2 October 1966 – 30 September 1976, 1 October 1994 – 13 July 2012<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/000/466/751.xml |title=Abstract, History 810 Air Division|date=1 January 1959|publisher=Air Force History Index|access-date=18 April 2014}}</ref>
* 95th Communications Group: 6 July 2005 – 30 June 2010<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.edwards.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/395235/95th-communications-group-is-inactivated/ |last1=Robinson|first1=Stephen K.|title=95th Communication's [sic] Group is inactivated|date=28 June 2010|publisher=95th Air Base Wing Public Affairs Office|access-date=18 April 2014}}</ref>
* 95th Medical Group (later 95th Tactical Hospital, 95th Medical Group): 16 June 1952 – 1 January 1959, 1 October 1994 – 13 July 2012
* 253rd Command and Control Group (Wyoming Air National Guard): 28 February 2025 – present<ref name=DoomsdayWing/>
* 828th Medical Group, 1 January 1959 – 25 June 1966
* 868th Medical Group (later USAF Hospital, Goose), 2 October 1966 – 30 September 1976

====Squadrons====
'''Operational Squadrons'''
* [1st Airborne Command and Control Squadron](/source/1st_Airborne_Command_and_Control_Squadron): 28 February 2025 – present
* 334th Bombardment Squadron: 15 June 1942 – 28 August 1945; 29 May 1947 – 27 June 1949; 16 June 1952 – 25 June 1966<ref name=95ABWfacts2/>
* 335th Bombardment Squadron: 15 June 1942 – 28 August 1945; 17 July 1947 – 27 June 1949; 16 June 1952 – 15 January 1959<ref name=95ABWfacts2/>
* 336th Bombardment Squadron: 15 June 1942 – 28 August 1945; 16 July 1947 – 27 June 1949; 16 June 1952 – 1 July 1959<ref name=95ABWfacts2/>
* 412th Bombardment Squadron: 15 June 1942 – 28 August 1945; 16 July 1947 – 27 June 1949<ref name=95ABWfacts2/>
* 610th Command and Control Squadron (Air Force Reserve Command): 28 February 2025 – present<ref name=DoomsdayWing/>
* 625th Strategic Operations Squadron: 28 February 2025 – present
* 917th Air Refueling Squadron: 1 May 1959 – 15 January 1965<ref name=95ABWfacts2/>

'''Support Squadrons'''
* 35th Munitions Maintenance Squadron, 1 July 1960 – 25 June 1966<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/000/452/968.xml |title=Abstract, History 95 Bombardment Wing Jul–Aug 1960|publisher=Air Force History Index|access-date=18 April 2014}}</ref>
* 95th Armament and Electronics Maintenance Squadron, 16 June 1952 – 25 June 1966<ref name=95BWnov1959>{{cite web |url= http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/000/452/960.xml |title=Abstract, History 95 Bombardment Wing Nov 1959|publisher=Air Force History Index|access-date=18 April 2014}}</ref>
* 95th Comptroller Squadron: 23 January 2007 – 13 July 2012
* 95th Field Maintenance Squadron (later 95th Consolidated Aircraft Maintenance Squadron), 16 June 1952 – 25 June 1966, 2 October 1966 – 30 June 1971<ref name=95BWnov1959/>
* 95th Periodic Maintenance Squadron (later 95th Organizational Maintenance Squadron, 95th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron), 16 June 1952 – 25 June 1966,<ref name=95BWnov1959/> 28 February 2025 – present
* 95th Supply Squadron: 1 October 1961 – 1 July 1963
* 595th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
* 595th Strategic Communications Squadron: 28 February 2025 – present
* 625th Strategic Operations Squadron

===Stations===
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break|width=50%}}
* Barksdale Field, Louisiana, 15 June 1942
* [Pendleton Field](/source/Pendleton_Field), Oregon, 26 June 1942
* Geiger Field, Washington, 28 August 1942
* Ephrata Army Air Base, Washington, 31 October 1942
* Geiger Field, Washington, 24 November 1942
* Rapid City Army Air Base, South Dakota, 17 December 1942 – 11 March 1943
* RAF Framlingham (USAAF Station 153),<ref name=Anderson>Station number in Anderson</ref> England, May 1943
{{Col-break|width=50%}}
* RAF Horham (USAAF Station 119),<ref name=Anderson/> England, 15 June 1943 – 19 June 1945
* Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota, c. 14–28 August 1945
* Memphis Municipal Airport, Tennessee, 29 May 1947 – 27 June 1949
* Biggs Air Force Base, Texas, 16 June 1952 – 25 June 1966
* Goose Air Base (later [CFB Goose Bay](/source/CFB_Goose_Bay)), Canada, 2 October 1966 – 30 September 1976
* Edwards Air Force Base, California, 1 October 1994 – 13 July 2012 <ref name=NewHeritage/><ref name=95ABWfacts2/>
* Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, 28 February 2025 – present<ref name=DoomsdayWing/>
{{Col-end}}

===Aircraft===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, 1942–1945
* Unknown, 1947–1949
* Convair B-36 Peacemaker, 1953–1959
* Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, 1959–1966
* Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker, 1959–1965; 1966–1975<ref name=95ABWfacts2/>
* Boeing E-4B, 2025–present<ref name=DoomsdayWing/>
{{div col end}}

===Awards and campaigns===
{{unit awards table
|award_image1=AF PUC
|award_name1=Distinguished Unit Citation, Regensburg, Germany
|award_date1=17 August 1943
|award_notes1=95th Bombardment Group<ref name=Maurer95BG/>
|award_image2=AF PUC
|award_name2=Distinguished Unit Citation, Münster, Germany
|award_date2=10 October 1943
|award_notes2=95th Bombardment Group<ref name=Maurer95BG/>
|award_image3=AF PUC
|award_name3=Distinguished Unit Citation, Berlin, Germany
|award_date3=4 March 1944
|award_notes3=95th Bombardment Group<ref name=Maurer95BG/>
|award_image4=AF OUA
|award_name4=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
|award_date4=1 July 1970 – 30 June 1971
|award_notes4=95th Strategic Wing<ref name=95ABWfacts/>
|award_image5=AF OUA
|award_name5=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
|award_date5=27 June 1974 – 30 June 1974
|award_notes5=95th Strategic Wing<ref name=95ABWfacts/>
|award_image6=AF OUA
|award_name6=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
|award_date6=1 May 2009 – 30 April 2011
|award_notes6=95th Air Base Wing<ref>{{cite web |url= https://access.afpc.af.mil/AwardsDMZNet40/Default.aspx |title=Air Force Recognition Programs|publisher=Air Force Personnel Center|access-date=18 April 2014}}</ref>
}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Campaign Streamer
! Campaign
! Dates
! Notes
|-
|200px||Air Offensive, Europe||11 May 1943 – 5 June 1944||95th Bombardment Group<ref name=Maurer95BG/>
|-
|200px||Normandy||6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944||95th Bombardment Group<ref name=Maurer95BG/>
|-
|200px||Northern France||25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944||95th Bombardment Group<ref name=Maurer95BG/>
|-
|200px||Rhineland||15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945||95th Bombardment Group<ref name=Maurer95BG/>
|-
|200px||Ardennes-Alsace||16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945||95th Bombardment Group<ref name=Maurer95BG/>
|-
|200px||Central Europe||22 March 1944 – 21 May 1945||95th Bombardment Group<ref name=Maurer95BG/>
|-
|200px||Air Combat, EAME Theater||11 May 1943 – 11 May 1945||95th Bombardment Group<ref name=Maurer95BG/>
|}

==Notable members==
*[Bernard Kates](/source/Bernard_Kates)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kaitz |first1=Bernard |title=95th Bomb Group (H) |url=https://95thbgdb.com/person/3418 |website=95thbgdb.com |access-date=8 May 2026}}</ref>
*[Curt Stone](/source/Curt_Stone)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stone |first1=Curtis C |title=95th Bomb Group (H) |url=https://95thbgdb.com/person/6492 |website=95thbgdb.com |access-date=8 May 2026}}</ref>
*[Venero "Benny Eggs" Mangano](/source/Venero_Mangano)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mangano |first1=Venero F. |title=95th Bomb Group (H) |url=https://95thbgdb.com/person/4173 |website=95thbgdb.com/ |access-date=8 May 2026}}</ref>

==See also==
* [B-17 Flying Fortress units of the United States Army Air Forces](/source/B-17_Flying_Fortress_units_of_the_United_States_Army_Air_Forces)
* [List of B-52 Units of the United States Air Force](/source/List_of_B-52_Units_of_the_United_States_Air_Force)
* [List of MAJCOM wings of the United States Air Force](/source/List_of_MAJCOM_wings_of_the_United_States_Air_Force)

==References==
===Notes===
; Explanatory notes
{{Notelist}}

; Citations
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
{{Air Force Historical Research Agency}}
* Anderson, Capt. Barry (1985). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062523/http://www.afhra.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-081010-027.pdf ''Army Air Forces Stations: A Guide to the Stations Where U.S. Army Air Forces Personnel Served in the United Kingdom During World War II''] (PDF). Maxwell AFB, AL: Research Division, USAF Historical Research Center. Archived from [http://www.afhso.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-081010-027.pdf the original] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062523/http://www.afhra.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-081010-027.pdf |date=4 March 2016 }} (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
* {{cite book|last=Freeman|first = Roger A.|title=The Mighty Eighth: Units, Men and Machines (A History of the US 8th Army Air Force)|year=1970 |publisher=Macdonald and Company|location=London, England, UK |isbn= 978-0-87938-638-2}}
* {{cite book|last=Knaack|first=Marcelle Size|title=Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems|volume=2, Post-World War II Bombers 1945–1973|year= 1988 |publisher= Office of Air Force History|location= Washington, DC|isbn=0-912799-59-5 }}
* {{cite book|editor=Maurer, Maurer|title=Air Force Combat Units of World War II|orig-year= 1961|url= http://media.defense.gov/2010/Sep/21/2001330256/-1/-1/0/AFD-100921-044.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161220180735/http://media.defense.gov/2010/Sep/21/2001330256/-1/-1/0/AFD-100921-044.pdf |url-status= dead |archive-date= 20 December 2016 |edition=reprint|year=1983|publisher=Office of Air Force History|location=Washington, DC|isbn=0-912799-02-1|lccn=61060979}}
* {{cite book|editor=Maurer, Maurer|title=Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II|orig-year=1969|url= http://media.defense.gov/2010/Dec/02/2001329899/-1/-1/0/AFD-101202-002.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161220180455/http://media.defense.gov/2010/Dec/02/2001329899/-1/-1/0/AFD-101202-002.pdf |url-status= dead |archive-date= 20 December 2016 |edition= reprint|year=1982|publisher=Office of Air Force History|location=Washington, DC|isbn=0-405-12194-6|oclc=72556|lccn=70605402}}
* {{cite book|last=Ravenstein|first=Charles A.|title=A Guide to Air Force Lineage and Honors|edition=2d, Revised|year=1984|publisher=USAF Historical Research Center|location=Maxwell AFB, AL}}
* {{cite book|last=Ravenstein|first=Charles A.|title=Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947–1977|url=https://archive.org/details/airforcecombatwi0000rave|year=1984|publisher=Office of Air Force History|location=Washington, DC|isbn=0-912799-12-9|url-access=registration}}
* {{cite book|last=Watkins|first=Robert|title=Battle Colors: Insignia and Markings of the Eighth Air Force in World War II |volume=I (VIII) Bomber Command|year=2008|publisher=Shiffer Publishing Ltd.|location=Atglen, PA|isbn=978-0-7643-1987-7|page=4}}

'''Further reading'''
* {{cite book|last=Andrews|first=Paul M.|title=Operational Record of the 95th Bomb Group World War II|year=1990|publisher= 95th Bomb Group (H) Association|location= Bellevue, WA}}
* {{cite book|last=Cantwell|first=Gerald T.|title=Citizen Airmen: a History of the Air Force Reserve, 1946–1994|year=1997|publisher=Air Force History and Museums Program|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=0-16049-269-6|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/citizenairmenhis00cant}}
* {{cite book|editor=Dwyer, John P.|title=The 95th Bombardment Group H, United States Army Air Forces|year=1945|publisher= A.H. Pugh Printing Co.|location= Cincinnati, OH}}
* {{cite book|last=Hawkins|first=Dan|title=B-17s Over Berlin: Personal Stories from the 95th Bomb Group (H)|year=1990| publisher=Brassey's (U.S.)|location=Washington, DC}}
* {{cite book|last=Hawkins|first=Dan|title=Courage, Honor, Victory: A First Person History of the 95th Bomb Group (H)|year=1987|publisher= 95th Bomb Group (H) Association|location= Bellevue, WA}}
* Mixer, Ronald E., ''Genealogy of the STRATEGIC AIR COMMAND'', Battermix Publishing Company, 1999
* Mixer, Ronald E., ''STRATEGIC AIR COMMAND, An Organizational History'', Battermix Publishing Company, 2006
* {{Cite book|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/42238|title=The Wild Blue Yonder and Beyond: The 95th Bomb Group in War and Peace|last=Morris|first=Robert|publisher=Potomac Books|year=2012|isbn=978-1-59797-712-8|location=Washington, D.C.|url-access=subscription |via=[Project MUSE](/source/Project_MUSE)}}
* {{cite book|last=Yenne|first=Bill|title=B-52 Stratofortress: The Complete History of the World's Longest Serving and Best Known Bomber|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=mT1Z1eSS_P4C&pg=PA181|year=2012|publisher=Zenith Press|location= Minneapolis, MN|isbn=978-0-7603-4302-9}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |url= http://www.95thbg.org |title=95th Bomb Group (H) Memorials Foundation|date=2014|publisher=95thbg.org|access-date=26 October 2012}}
* {{cite web |url= http://www.95thbg-horham.com/ |title=95th B.G. Horham Heritage Association|date=2013|publisher=95th Bomb Group Heritage Association|access-date=26 October 2012}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070625132840/http://www.theflightofficer.com/ Little Joe Noyes, Aviator: The Life Story of a Second World War B-17 Pilot from Seattle]. Retrieved 26 October 2012
* {{cite web |url= http://www.strategic-air-command.com/wings/0095bw.htm |last1=Broyhill|first1=Marvin T.|title=95th Bombardment Wing, 95th Strategic Wing, 95th Air Base Wing|date=2003|publisher=Strategic-Air-Command.com|access-date=19 April 2014}}
* {{cite web |url= http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/000/461/255.xml |title=Abstract, History 4238 Strategic Wing Jul 1961|publisher=Air Force History Index|access-date=21 April 2014}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [95th Wing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/95th_Wing) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/95th_Wing?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.