# 732

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Calendar year

Calendar year

Years Millennium 1st millennium Centuries 7th century 8th century 9th century Decades 710s 720s 730s 740s 750s Years 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 v t e

732 by topic Leaders Political entities State leaders Religious leaders Categories Births Deaths Establishments v t e

732 in various calendars Gregorian calendar 732 DCCXXXII Ab urbe condita 1485 Armenian calendar 181 ԹՎ ՃՁԱ Assyrian calendar 5482 Balinese saka calendar 653–654 Bengali calendar 138–139 Berber calendar 1682 Buddhist calendar 1276 Burmese calendar 94 Byzantine calendar 6240–6241 Chinese calendar 辛未年 (Metal Goat) 3429 or 3222 — to — 壬申年 (Water Monkey) 3430 or 3223 Coptic calendar 448–449 Discordian calendar 1898 Ethiopian calendar 724–725 Hebrew calendar 4492–4493 Hindu calendars - Vikram Samvat 788–789 - Shaka Samvat 653–654 - Kali Yuga 3832–3833 Holocene calendar 10732 Iranian calendar 110–111 Islamic calendar 113–114 Japanese calendar Tenpyō 4 (天平４年) Javanese calendar 625–626 Julian calendar 732 DCCXXXII Korean calendar 3065 Minguo calendar 1180 before ROC 民前1180年 Nanakshahi calendar −736 Seleucid era 1043/1044 AG Thai solar calendar 1274–1275 Tibetan calendar ལྕགས་མོ་ལུག་ལོ་ (female Iron-Sheep) 858 or 477 or −295 — to — ཆུ་ཕོ་སྤྲེ་ལོ་ (male Water-Monkey) 859 or 478 or −294

[Charles Martel](/source/Charles_Martel) (mounted) defeats [Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi](/source/Abdul_Rahman_Al_Ghafiqi) at the [Battle of Tours](/source/Battle_of_Tours)

Year **732** (**[DCCXXXII](/source/Roman_numerals)**) was a [leap year starting on Tuesday](/source/Leap_year_starting_on_Tuesday) of the [Julian calendar](/source/Julian_calendar), the 732nd year of the [Common Era](/source/Common_Era) (CE) and [Anno Domini](/source/Anno_Domini) (AD) designations, the 732nd year of the [1st millennium](/source/1st_millennium), the 32nd year of the [8th century](/source/8th_century), and the 3rd year of the [730s](/source/730s) decade. The denomination 732 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [Anno Domini](/source/Anno_Domini) [calendar era](/source/Calendar_era) became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events

### By place

#### Byzantine Empire

- Byzantine Emperor [Leo III](/source/Leo_III_the_Isaurian) marries his 15 year old son [Constantine](/source/Constantine_V) to [Tzitzak](/source/Tzitzak) (later baptised as **Irene**), the daughter of the [Khazar](/source/Khazar) [Khagan](/source/Khagan) [Bihar](/source/Bihar_(Khazar)), as a sign of diplomatic unity between the Byzantine Empire and the [Khazar Khaganate](/source/Khazar_Khaganate).

#### Europe

- [Battle of the River Garonne](/source/Battle_of_the_River_Garonne): A [Umayyad Muslim army](/source/Umayyad) (40,000 men) under [Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi](/source/Abdul_Rahman_Al_Ghafiqi), governor of [Al-Andalus](/source/Al-Andalus), crosses the [Pyrenees](/source/Pyrenees) through the [Roncesvalles Pass](/source/Roncesvalles) and raids widely, ravaging the cities of [Oloron](/source/Oloron-Sainte-Marie), [Lescar](/source/Lescar) and [Bayonne](/source/Bayonne), and burning the [abbey](/source/Abbey) of [Saint-Sever](/source/Saint-Sever). Umayyad forces destroy the [monastery](/source/Monastery) of [Saint-Émilion](/source/Saint-%C3%89milion), and defeat the 'Count of Libourne'. Abdul Rahman sacks and captures [Bordeaux](/source/Bordeaux), and nearly wipes out the army of Duke [Eudes of Aquitaine](/source/Odo_the_Great), at the [Garonne River](/source/Garonne).[1]

- Summer – Eudes of Aquitaine heads for the Frankish city of [Reims](/source/Reims), to warn [Charles Martel](/source/Charles_Martel), Merovingian [mayor of the palace](/source/Mayor_of_the_palace), of the [Umayyad](/source/Umayyad_Caliphate) invasion in [Gaul](/source/Gaul), and ask for his support against the invaders. The two leaders meet near [Paris](/source/Paris); Charles issues a 'general ban' to raise an army, which includes large numbers of [Austrasians](/source/Austrasia), [Neustrians](/source/Neustria), and [Burgundians](/source/Kingdom_of_Burgundy). Meanwhile, [Arabians](/source/Arabian_Peninsula) ravage the cities of [Périgueux](/source/P%C3%A9rigueux), [Saintes](/source/Saintes%2C_Charente-Maritime), and [Angoulême](/source/Angoul%C3%AAme), then sack the [basilica](/source/Basilica) of [Saint-Hilaire](/source/Saint-Hilaire-les-Places) outside [Poitiers](/source/Poitiers).[2]

- [September](/source/September) – Charles Martel leads his [Frankish](/source/Francia) army (30,000 men) to [Orléans](/source/Orl%C3%A9ans) and crosses the [Loire River](/source/Loire), probably accompanied by Eudes of Aquitaine, with his remaining troops. He makes camp near [Tours](/source/Tours), probably at [Ballan-Miré](/source/Ballan-Mir%C3%A9) south-west of the fortress city, in order to protect the [abbey](/source/Abbey) of [Saint Martin](/source/Martin_of_Tours). Charles defeats or forces back Umayyad [scouts](/source/Reconnaissance) or an [advance guard](/source/Vanguard), between the rivers [Indre](/source/Indre_(river)) and [Creuse](/source/Creuse_(river)). Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi pulls back to establish a position at the [Vienne River](/source/Vienne_(river)).[3]

- [October](/source/October) – The Frankish army crosses the Vienne River and establishes a camp at or around the partially abandoned Roman *[mansion](/source/Mansion)* or [agricultural](/source/Agriculture) settlement, now known as 'Vieux-Poitiers' (near [Châtellerault](/source/Ch%C3%A2tellerault)), perhaps using the Roman [theatre](/source/Amphitheatre) with its substantial towers as a [fortification](/source/Fortification). Charles Martel forms a defensive position across the Roman road, and fends off Muslim [skirmishes](/source/Skirmisher) during the 'seven days' stand-off, probably involving scouts, and perhaps raiders from both armies.[4]

- [October 10](/source/October_10) – [Battle of Tours](/source/Battle_of_Tours): The Frankish and Burgundian forces under Charles Martel defeat a large army of Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, near Poitiers, halting the [Islamic advance into Western Europe](/source/Islamic_invasion_of_Gaul); Rahman Al Ghafiqi is killed during the battle. Charles extends his authority in the south of [France](/source/France), which gives him the nickname Martellus ("The Hammer"). The outcome of the victory is a turning point, and establishes a balance of power between [Western Europe](/source/Western_Europe) and the [Byzantine Empire](/source/Byzantine_Empire).[5]

- Muslim forces withdraw southwards to [Septimania](/source/Septimania); a separate part probably pulls back along the road it originally came through, across the Pyrenees Mountains. Eudes of Aquitaine pursues the main Muslim army via [La Marche](/source/County_of_La_Marche), before returning to Bordeaux; Charles Martel withdraws to Frankish territory through Orléans and [Auxerre](/source/Auxerre), demoting those [bishops](/source/Bishop) whom he thought unreliable. [Abd al-Malik ibn Katan al-Fihri](/source/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Katan_al-Fihri) becomes the new governor (*[wali](/source/Wali_(administrative_title))*) of Al-Andalus; a separate Muslim force raids the [Rhône region](/source/Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes).[2]

#### Britain

- Autumn – King [Ceolwulf of Northumbria](/source/Ceolwulf_of_Northumbria) is deposed by opponents, and forced to enter a [monastery](/source/Monastery). His supporters subsequently restore him to the [throne](/source/Throne) (or [731](/source/731)).

### By topic

#### Astronomy

- [June 26](/source/June_26) – Venus [occults](/source/Occultation) Jupiter.

#### Religion

- [Pope Gregory III](/source/Pope_Gregory_III) confers on [Boniface](/source/Saint_Boniface), Anglo-Saxon [missionary](/source/Missionary), the [pallium](/source/Pallium) as [archbishop](/source/Archbishop), with jurisdiction over [Bavaria](/source/Bavaria) (modern [Germany](/source/Germany)). He orders him to forbid the consumption of [horseflesh](/source/Horse_meat) by his Christian converts.[6]

- [Ecgbert](/source/Ecgbert_(bishop)) is appointed bishop of [York](/source/Diocese_of_York), by his cousin Ceolwulf of Northumbria.[7] He founds a [library](/source/Library), and makes the city a renowned centre of learning (approximate date).

## Births

- [Fujiwara no Momokawa](/source/Fujiwara_no_Momokawa), Japanese statesman (d. [779](/source/779))

## Deaths

- [March 13](/source/March_13) – [Gerald of Mayo](/source/Gerald_of_Mayo), Anglo-Saxon [abbot](/source/Abbot)

- [Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi](/source/Abdul_Rahman_Al_Ghafiqi), governor of [Al-Andalus](/source/Al-Andalus)

- [Nechtan mac Der-Ilei](/source/Nechtan_mac_Der-Ilei), king of the Picts[8]

- [Romuald II](/source/Romuald_II_of_Benevento), duke of [Benevento](/source/Duchy_of_Benevento) ([Italy](/source/Italy))

- [Rupert of Bingen](/source/Rupert_of_Bingen), [patron saint](/source/Patron_saint) (b. [712](/source/712))

- [Sima Zhen](/source/Sima_Zhen), Chinese historian (b. [679](/source/AD_679))

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** David Nicolle (2008). Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel turns the Islamic tide (p. 45). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-184603-230-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-184603-230-1)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-WPCleanerAuto1_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-WPCleanerAuto1_2-1) David Nicolle (2008). Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel turns the Islamic tide (p. 19). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-184603-230-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-184603-230-1)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** David Nicolle (2008). Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel turns the Islamic tide (p. 55). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-184603-230-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-184603-230-1)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** David Nicolle (2008). Poitiers AD 732, Charles Martel turns the Islamic tide (p. 66). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-184603-230-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-184603-230-1)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** [Durant, Will](/source/Will_Durant), *The Age of Faith*. New York: Simon and Schuster (1950). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [225699907](https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/225699907). Page, 461. Originally published 1939. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-671-41800-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-41800-7)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Schwabe, Calvin W. (1979). *[Unmentionable Cuisine](/source/Unmentionable_Cuisine)*, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press (p. 157). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0813908116](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0813908116)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Mayr-Harting, *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography*

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Lynch, Michael, ed. (February 24, 2011). *The Oxford companion to Scottish history*. Oxford University Press. p. 447. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780199693054](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199693054).

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [732](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/732) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/732?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.