# 68 Draconis

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Star in the constellation Draco

68 Draconis Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 Constellation Draco Right ascension 20h 11m 34.872s[1] Declination +62° 04′ 42.77″[1] Apparent magnitude (V) 5.69[2] Characteristics Spectral type F5 V[2] B−V color index 0.48[3] Astrometry Radial velocity (Rv) −14.6[4] km/s Proper motion (μ) RA: +142.267 mas/yr[1] Dec.: +72.842 mas/yr[1] Parallax (π) 20.9232±0.065 mas[1] Distance 155.9 ± 0.5 ly (47.8 ± 0.1 pc) Absolute magnitude (MV) 2.33[5] Details Mass 1.15[6] M☉ Luminosity 10.73[7] L☉ Surface gravity (log g) 3.95[3] cgs Temperature 6,137[3] K Metallicity [Fe/H] 0.20[5] dex Rotational velocity (v sin i) 15.1[3] km/s Age 1.7[5] Gyr Other designations 68 Dra, BD+61°1983, HD 192455, HIP 99500, HR 7727, SAO 18751[8] Database references SIMBAD data

**68 Draconis** is the [Flamsteed designation](/source/Flamsteed_designation) for a star in the northern [circumpolar constellation](/source/Circumpolar_constellation) of [Draco](/source/Draco_(constellation)). It has an [apparent visual magnitude](/source/Apparent_visual_magnitude) of 5.69,[2] so, according to the [Bortle scale](/source/Bortle_scale), it is faintly visible to the naked eye from suburban skies at night. Measurements made with the [*Gaia* spacecraft](/source/Gaia_(spacecraft)) show an annual [parallax](/source/Parallax) shift of 0.0209232[″](/source/Second_of_arc),[1] which is equivalent to a distance of around 156 ly (48 pc) from the Sun. It is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric [radial velocity](/source/Radial_velocity) of –14.6 km/s.[4] The star has a relatively high [proper motion](/source/Proper_motion), traversing the [celestial sphere](/source/Celestial_sphere) at a rate of 0.150″ per year.[9]

The [stellar classification](/source/Stellar_classification) of 68 Draconis is F5 V,[2] indicating that it is a [main sequence](/source/Main_sequence) star that is [fusing hydrogen](/source/Hydrogen_fusion) into helium at its [core](/source/Stellar_core) to generate energy. The star appears to be over-luminous for a member of its class, being 0.73 magnitudes brighter than expected. This may indicate that this is a binary system with an unresolved secondary component.[2] It has 15%[6] more [mass than the Sun](/source/Solar_mass) but is less than half as old, with an estimated age of 1.7 billion years.[5] The star is radiating 11[7] times the [Sun's luminosity](/source/Sun's_luminosity) from its [photosphere](/source/Photosphere) at an [effective temperature](/source/Effective_temperature) of 6,137 K,[3] giving it the yellow-white hue of an [F-type star](/source/F-type_star).[10]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-GaiaDR3_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-GaiaDR3_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-GaiaDR3_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-GaiaDR3_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-GaiaDR3_1-4) Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). ["*Gaia* Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties"](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202243940). *Astronomy and Astrophysics*. **674**: A1. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2208.00211](https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.00211). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2023A&A...674A...1G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A&A...674A...1G). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/202243940](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202243940). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [244398875](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244398875). [Gaia DR3 record for this source](https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-4?-source=+I%2F355&-from=nav&-nav=cat%3AI%2F355%26tab%3A%7BI%2F355%2Fgaiadr3%7D%26key%3Asource%3D1355%2Fgaiadr3%26HTTPPRM%3A%26-out.add%3D.%26Source%3D%3D%3D2243923260280193920%26-go+%25%23Sesame%23%25%26) at [VizieR](/source/VizieR).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-apjss147_1_103_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-apjss147_1_103_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-apjss147_1_103_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-apjss147_1_103_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-apjss147_1_103_2-4) Griffin, R. F.; Suchkov, A. A. (July 2003), "The Nature of Overluminous F Stars Observed in a Radial-Velocity Survey", *The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series*, **147** (1): 103–144, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2003ApJS..147..103G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003ApJS..147..103G), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/367855](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F367855).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-aaa493_3_1099_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-aaa493_3_1099_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-aaa493_3_1099_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-aaa493_3_1099_3-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-aaa493_3_1099_3-4) Schröder, C.; Reiners, Ansgar; Schmitt, Jürgen H. M. M. (January 2009), ["Ca II HK emission in rapidly rotating stars. Evidence for an onset of the solar-type dynamo"](http://goedoc.uni-goettingen.de/goescholar/bitstream/handle/1/9690/aa10377-08.pdf?sequence=2) (PDF), *Astronomy and Astrophysics*, **493** (3): 1099–1107, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2009A&A...493.1099S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009A&A...493.1099S), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361:200810377](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A200810377)[*[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Nordström2004_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Nordström2004_4-1) Nordström, B.; et al. (May 2004), "The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of ˜14,000 F and G dwarfs", *Astronomy and Astrophysics*, **418**: 989–1019, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[astro-ph/0405198](https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0405198), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2004A&A...418..989N](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004A&A...418..989N), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361:20035959](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20035959), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [11027621](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11027621).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Holmberg2009_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Holmberg2009_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Holmberg2009_5-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Holmberg2009_5-3) Holmberg, J.; et al. (July 2009), "The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the solar neighbourhood. III. Improved distances, ages, and kinematics", *Astronomy and Astrophysics*, **501** (3): 941–947, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[0811.3982](https://arxiv.org/abs/0811.3982), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2009A&A...501..941H](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009A&A...501..941H), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/200811191](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F200811191), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [118577511](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:118577511).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-David2015_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-David2015_6-1) David, Trevor J.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A. (2015), "The Ages of Early-Type Stars: Strömgren Photometric Methods Calibrated, Validated, Tested, and Applied to Hosts and Prospective Hosts of Directly Imaged Exoplanets", *The Astrophysical Journal*, **804** (2): 146, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1501.03154](https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.03154), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2015ApJ...804..146D](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApJ...804..146D), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1088/0004-637X/804/2/146](https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F804%2F2%2F146), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [33401607](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:33401607).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Anderson2012_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Anderson2012_7-1) Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012), "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation", *Astronomy Letters*, **38** (5): 331, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1108.4971](https://arxiv.org/abs/1108.4971), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2012AstL...38..331A](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AstL...38..331A), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1134/S1063773712050015](https://doi.org/10.1134%2FS1063773712050015), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [119257644](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119257644).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-SIMBAD_8-0)** ["68 Dra"](http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=68+Dra). *[SIMBAD](/source/SIMBAD)*. [Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg](/source/Centre_de_donn%C3%A9es_astronomiques_de_Strasbourg). Retrieved 2013-11-06.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Lepine2005_9-0)** Lépine, Sébastien; Shara, Michael M. (March 2005), "A Catalog of Northern Stars with Annual Proper Motions Larger than 0.15" (LSPM-NORTH Catalog)", *The Astronomical Journal*, **129** (3): 1483–1522, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[astro-ph/0412070](https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0412070), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2005AJ....129.1483L](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AJ....129.1483L), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/427854](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F427854), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [2603568](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2603568).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-csiro_10-0)** ["The Colour of Stars"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120318151427/http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html), *Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education*, [Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation](/source/Commonwealth_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research_Organisation), December 21, 2004, archived from [the original](http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html) on March 18, 2012, retrieved 2012-01-16.

v t e Constellation of Draco List of stars in Draco Draco in Chinese astronomy Stars Bayer α (Thuban) β (Rastaban) γ (Eltanin) δ (Altais) ε (Tyl) ζ (Aldhibah) η (Athebyne) θ ι (Edasich) κ λ (Giausar) μ (Alrakis) ν (Kuma) ξ (Grumium) ο π ρ σ (Alsafi) τ υ φ χ ψ1 (Dziban) ψ2 ω Flamsteed 4 6 7 (Tianyi) 8 (Taiyi) 10 (i) 15 (A) 18 (g) 19 (h) 26 36 39 (b) 42 (Fafnir) 45 (d) 50 59 64 (e) 68 Variable TW YY AG BY CL CM CX DO EK HP V581 HR 3751 4126 4934 5811 6237 6518 6618 (Alruba) 6817 7137 7783 HD 109246 (Funi) 101364 128717 147379 156279 158259 176693 191939 Other 2MASS 1237+6526 2MASS J17554042+6551277 G 240-72 GD 356 Gliese 420 Gliese 625 Gliese 687 GRW +70 8247 Kepler-4 Kepler-10 Kepler-12 Kepler-90 Kepler-296 KOI-256 LP 71-82 Qatar-1 SDSS J1240+6710 Struve 2398 TOI-1136 WD 1856+534 WISE 1647+5632 WISE 1841+7000 Exoplanets HD 139357 b HD 167042 b ι Dra b (Hypatia) Kepler-4b Kepler-10b c Kepler-12b Kepler-90e f g h i Kepler-296b c d e f TOI-1452 b TrES-2b Star clusters LAMOST 1 Nebulae Cat's Eye Nebula NGC 6742 Galaxies NGC 3147 3197 3735 4121 4125 4221 4236 4319 4331 4332 4363 4441 4513 4545 4589 5678 5777 5866 5866B 5879 5905 5907 5949 5963 5965 5982 5985 6090 6248 6285 6286 6338 6340 6365 6373 6394 6412 6503 6505 6566 6621 6622 6670 6676 6786 6789 Other 1ES 1927+654 1ES 1959+650 3C 249.1 3C 305 3C 319 3C 343 3C 343.1 3C 351 3C 356 3C 371 3C 380 3C 390.3 3C 401 4C +72.26 4C 73.08 8C 1241+735 Abell 2218 BCG Bean galaxy Beaver galaxy BZQ J1727+5510 Draco Dwarf Draco II GB 1508+5714 Goldfish galaxy H1821+643 HFLS3 IERS B1946+708 IRAS F17179+5444 IRAS 18580+6527 J120011.1+680924.8 KKR 25 Markarian 817 Markarian 876 Original TRG PGC 39058 Porphyrion QSO B1823+568 RGZ J172749.5+534647 S5 1803+784 S5 2007+777 SDSS J1715+6008 Tadpole Galaxy UGC 9391 UGC 9405 UGC 11241 UGC 11411 WISEA J145223.62+611707.5 WN B1851+5707 Galaxy clusters Abell 2218 CL1358+62 Draco Supercluster NGC 5866 Group Astronomical events SN 2003jb SN 2005B SN 2016aps Swift J1644+57 Category

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [68 Draconis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/68_Draconis) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/68_Draconis?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.