# 637

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Calendar year

This article is about the year 637.     For other uses, see [637 (disambiguation)](/source/637_(disambiguation)).

Calendar year

Years Millennium 1st millennium Centuries 6th century 7th century 8th century Decades 610s 620s 630s 640s 650s Years 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 v t e

637 by topic Leaders Political entities State leaders Religious leaders Categories Births Deaths v t e

637 in various calendars Gregorian calendar 637 DCXXXVII Ab urbe condita 1390 Armenian calendar 86 ԹՎ ՁԶ Assyrian calendar 5387 Balinese saka calendar 558–559 Bengali calendar 43–44 Berber calendar 1587 Buddhist calendar 1181 Burmese calendar −1 Byzantine calendar 6145–6146 Chinese calendar 丙申年 (Fire Monkey) 3334 or 3127 — to — 丁酉年 (Fire Rooster) 3335 or 3128 Coptic calendar 353–354 Discordian calendar 1803 Ethiopian calendar 629–630 Hebrew calendar 4397–4398 Hindu calendars - Vikram Samvat 693–694 - Shaka Samvat 558–559 - Kali Yuga 3737–3738 Holocene calendar 10637 Iranian calendar 15–16 Islamic calendar 15–16 Japanese calendar N/A Javanese calendar 527–528 Julian calendar 637 DCXXXVII Korean calendar 2970 Minguo calendar 1275 before ROC 民前1275年 Nanakshahi calendar −831 Seleucid era 948/949 AG Thai solar calendar 1179–1180 Tibetan calendar མེ་ཕོ་སྤྲེ་ལོ་ (male Fire-Monkey) 763 or 382 or −390 — to — མེ་མོ་བྱ་ལོ་ (female Fire-Bird) 764 or 383 or −389

The [Muslim invasion](/source/Muslim_conquest_of_Syria) of Northern [Syria](/source/Syria)

Year **637** (**[DCXXXVII](/source/Roman_numerals)**) was a [common year starting on Wednesday](/source/Common_year_starting_on_Wednesday) of the [Julian calendar](/source/Julian_calendar). The denomination 637 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [Anno Domini](/source/Anno_Domini) [calendar era](/source/Calendar_era) became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events

### By place

#### Britain

- [June 24](/source/June_24) – [Battle of Mag Rath](/source/Battle_of_Moira): King [Oswald of Northumbria](/source/Oswald_of_Northumbria) sends troops to [Ireland](/source/Ireland), to assist [Domnall Brecc](/source/Domnall_Brecc) King of [Dál Riata](/source/D%C3%A1l_Riata) in his [alliance](/source/Military_alliance) with King [Congal Cáech](/source/Congal_C%C3%A1ech) of [Ulaid](/source/Ulaid) against [Domnall mac Áedo](/source/Domnall_mac_Aedo) [High King of Ireland](/source/High_King_of_Ireland), during the Irish dynastic wars. Domnall Brecc, Congal and their forces are defeated near [Moira](/source/Moira%2C_County_Down). At the [Mull of Kintyre](/source/Mull_of_Kintyre) (southwest [Scotland](/source/Scotland)), Domnall mac Áedo's fleet destroys [Domnall Brecc](/source/Domnall_Brecc)'s naval force of [Dál Riata](/source/D%C3%A1l_Riata).

#### Persia

- [March](/source/March) – [Siege of Ctesiphon](/source/Siege_of_Ctesiphon_(637)): The [Rashidun army](/source/Rashidun_army) (15,000 men[1]) under [Saʿd ibn Abi Waqqas](/source/Sa%CA%BFd_ibn_Abi_Waqqas) occupies the [Persian](/source/Sassanid_Empire) capital of [Ctesiphon](/source/Ctesiphon), after a two-month [siege](/source/Siege). King [Yazdegerd III](/source/Yazdegerd_III) flees with the imperial [treasure](/source/Treasure) eastward into [Media](/source/Medes). Muslim forces conquer the Persian provinces as far as [Khuzestan](/source/Khuzestan_Province) (modern [Iran](/source/Iran)).

- [Battle of Jalula](/source/Battle_of_Jalula): Muslim Arabs defeat the Persian forces (20,000 men) under [Farrukhzad](/source/Farrukhzad) at the [Diyala River](/source/Diyala_River). The cities [Tikrit](/source/Tikrit) and [Mosul](/source/Mosul) are captured, completing the conquest of Mesopotamia. The region west of the [Zagros Mountains](/source/Zagros_Mountains) is annexed by the [Rashidun Caliphate](/source/Rashidun_Caliphate).

#### Arabian Empire

- [April](/source/April) – [Siege of Jerusalem](/source/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(637)): The Rashidun army (20,000 men[2]), led by ['Amr ibn al-'As](/source/'Amr_ibn_al-'As), conquers [Jerusalem](/source/Jerusalem) after a six-month siege. The [Byzantine](/source/Byzantine_Empire) garrison surrenders to Caliph [Umar I](/source/Umar), who is invited by [Sophronius](/source/Sophronius_of_Jerusalem), [patriarch of Jerusalem](/source/Greek_Orthodox_Patriarch_of_Jerusalem), to pray in the [Church of the Holy Sepulchre](/source/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre). Umar declines, fearing that accepting the invitation might endanger the [church's](/source/Church_(building)) status, and turn the [Christian](/source/Christianity) holy site into a [mosque](/source/Mosque).[3]

- [Battle of Hazir](/source/Battle_of_Hazir): Muslim Arab forces (17,000 men) under [Khalid ibn al-Walid](/source/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid) defeat the [Byzantine army](/source/Byzantine_army) near [Qinnasrin](/source/Qinnasrin) (Northern [Syria](/source/Syria)). The cities of [Beirut](/source/Beirut) and [Tyre](/source/Tyre%2C_Lebanon) are captured by [Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan](/source/Yazid_ibn_Abi_Sufyan) after a short siege.

- [October](/source/October) – [Siege of Aleppo](/source/Siege_of_Aleppo_(637)): Muslim Arabs under Khalid ibn al-Walid conquer the Byzantine stronghold [Aleppo](/source/Aleppo); the large [walled city](/source/Defensive_wall) surrenders after a four-month siege. A column of troops under [Malik al-Ashtar](/source/Malik_al-Ashtar) is sent to take [Azaz](/source/Azaz).

- [Battle of the Iron Bridge](/source/Battle_of_the_Iron_Bridge): Rashidun forces under Khalid ibn al-Walid defeat the Byzantine army and [Christian Arabs](/source/Arab_Christians) near [Antioch](/source/Antioch), at the [Orontes River](/source/Orontes_River). It marks the complete annexation of Syria into the Rashidun Caliphate.

#### Asia

- [Chang'an](/source/Chang'an), capital of the [Tang dynasty](/source/Tang_dynasty) ([China](/source/China)), becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Ctesiphon, capital of [Persia](/source/Iran).[4]

- Queen [Seondeok](/source/Queen_Seondeok_of_Silla) of [Silla](/source/Silla) ([Korea](/source/Korea)) builds an [astronomical observatory](/source/Observatory) near [Gyeongju](/source/Gyeongju) ([Cheomseongdae](/source/Cheomseongdae)), one of the oldest in [East Asia](/source/East_Asia).

- King [Songtsän Gampo](/source/Songts%C3%A4n_Gampo) builds the first palace on the site of the [Potala Palace](/source/Potala_Palace) in [Lhasa](/source/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)) ([Tibet](/source/Tibet)).

### By topic

#### Religion

- The [Muslims](/source/Muslim) replace [Zoroastrianism](/source/Zoroastrianism) with [Islam](/source/Islam) in [Mesopotamia](/source/Mesopotamia) (later [Iraq](/source/Iraq)); they do not force their conquered subjects to embrace the Islamic faith, but they do require acceptance of the [Quran](/source/Quran) as the [doctrine](/source/Doctrine) of divine teaching, and will oblige their subjects to learn [Arabic](/source/Arabic_language) (approximate date).

## Births

*People who are the subjects of Wikipedia articles can be found [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:637_births).*

## Deaths

- [Andreas of Caesarea](/source/Andreas_of_Caesarea), [bishop](/source/Bishop) and writer (b. [563](/source/563))

- [Congal Cáech](/source/Congal_C%C3%A1ech), high king of [Dál nAraidi](/source/D%C3%A1l_nAraidi) ([Ireland](/source/Ireland))

- [John Athalarichos](/source/John_Athalarichos), [illegitimate](/source/Legitimacy_(family_law)) son of [Heraclius](/source/Heraclius)

- [Maria al-Qibtiyya](/source/Maria_al-Qibtiyya), [concubine](/source/Concubinage)[5][6] of [Muhammad](/source/Muhammad)

- [Menas](/source/Menas_(Byzantine_general)), Byzantine general

- [Mo Chua](/source/Mo_Chua_of_Balla), Irish bishop and founder of [Balla](/source/Balla%2C_County_Mayo)

- [Mo Chutu](/source/Mo_Chutu_of_Lismore), Irish [abbot](/source/Abbot) and founder of [Lismore Abbey](/source/Lismore_Abbey)

- [Rostam Farrokhzād](/source/Rostam_Farrokhz%C4%81d), Persian general (or [636](/source/636))

- [Wen Yanbo](/source/Wen_Yanbo_(Tang_dynasty)), chancellor of the [Tang dynasty](/source/Tang_dynasty) (b. [575](/source/575))

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Rosenthal, p. 12

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Akram431_2-0)** [Akram 2004](#CITEREFAkram2004), p. 431

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicolle200952_3-0)** [Nicolle 2009](#CITEREFNicolle2009), p. 52.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Geography at about.com"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160818124242/http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm). Archived from [the original](http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm) on August 18, 2016. Retrieved March 1, 2006.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Exegesis (Tafsir) of Quran by ibn Kathir for Chapter 66, verses 1–5 of Quran

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Zaad al-Ma'aad, 1/103

### Sources

- Akram, Agha Ibrahim (2004). *The Sword of Allah: Khalid bin al-Waleed – His Life and Campaigns*. Oxford University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-19-597714-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-597714-1).

- [Nicolle, David](/source/David_Nicolle) (2009). *The Great Islamic Conquests AD 632–750*. Bloomsbury USA. p. 52. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-84603-273-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-273-8).

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [637](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/637) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/637?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.