# 630

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{{Short description|Calendar year}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2011}}
{{About year|630}}
{{Year nav|630}}
{{M1 year in topic}}
[[File:Siyer-i Nebi 298a.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|[Muhammad](/source/Muhammad) ([veil](/source/veil)ed face) advancing on [Mecca](/source/Mecca)]]
Year '''630''' ('''[DCXXX](/source/Roman_numerals)''') was a [common year starting on Monday](/source/common_year_starting_on_Monday) of the [Julian calendar](/source/Julian_calendar). The denomination 630 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [Anno Domini](/source/Anno_Domini) [calendar era](/source/calendar_era) became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

== Events ==
<onlyinclude>

=== By place ===
==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [March 21](/source/March_21) &ndash; Emperor [Heraclius](/source/Heraclius) returns the [True Cross](/source/True_Cross), one of the holiest Christian [relic](/source/relic)s, to [Jerusalem](/source/Jerusalem). He tries to promote [Monothelitism](/source/Monothelitism), which is rejected by the Christians.<ref>{{cite book|title=Rome at War AD 293–696|year=2002|first=Michael|last=Whitby|authorlink=Michael Whitby|location=London|publisher=Osprey|page=76|isbn=1-84176-359-4}}</ref>
* Heraclius issues a [decree](/source/decree) that all Jews must become Christian; a [massacre](/source/massacre) follows around Jerusalem and in [Galilee](/source/Galilee) ([Israel](/source/Israel)), some survivors fleeing to the [Daraa](/source/Daraa) area.{{sfn|Nicolle|1994|p=62}}
* [Chorpan Tarkhan](/source/Chorpan_Tarkhan), general of the [Khazars](/source/Khazars), invades and devastates [Roman Armenia](/source/Roman_Armenia). He defeats a Persian cavalry force (10,000 men) sent by [Shahrbaraz](/source/Shahrbaraz) to repel the invasion.

====Central America====
*[October 1](/source/October_1) &ndash; [Tajoom Ukʼab Kʼahkʼ](/source/Tajoom_Uk%CA%BCab_K%CA%BCahk%CA%BC), the [ruler of the Mayan city state](/source/Maya_rulers) of [Calakmul](/source/Calakmul) in southern [Mexico](/source/Mexico) dies after a reign of eight years and is succeeded by [Cauac](/source/Yuknoom_Head), who reigns until 636.

==== Scandinavia ====
* [Yngling](/source/Yngling) King [Olof Trätälja](/source/Olof_Tr%C3%A4t%C3%A4lja) founds a [colony](/source/colony) in [Värmland](/source/V%C3%A4rmland). He is expelled from his native [Västergötland](/source/V%C3%A4sterg%C3%B6tland) (in modern-day [Sweden](/source/Sweden)) (according to the ''[Ynglingatal](/source/Ynglingatal)'').

==== Britain ====
* King [Ricberht of East Anglia](/source/Ricberht_of_East_Anglia) dies and is succeeded by [Sigeberht](/source/Sigeberht_of_East_Anglia), who returns from exile in France. He rules together with his kinsman [Ecgric](/source/Ecgric_of_East_Anglia), re-establishing [Christianity](/source/Christianity). 
* King [Penda of Mercia](/source/Penda_of_Mercia) besieges [Exeter](/source/Exeter) in southwest England. King [Cadwallon ap Cadfan](/source/Cadwallon_ap_Cadfan) of [Gwynedd](/source/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd) lands with a force nearby, and negotiates an [alliance](/source/Military_alliance) with Penda.
* [Eanswith](/source/Eanswith), daughter of King [Eadbald of Kent](/source/Eadbald_of_Kent), founds the [Benedictine](/source/Order_of_Saint_Benedict) [Folkestone Priory](/source/Folkestone_Priory), the first [nunnery](/source/nunnery) in England.<ref>{{cite book|last=Yorke|first=Barbara|authorlink=Barbara Yorke|year=2003|title=Nunneries and the Anglo-Saxon Royal Houses|location=London|publisher=Continuum|page=23|isbn=0-8264-6040-2}}</ref>

==== Persia ====
* [April 27](/source/April_27) &ndash; King [Ardashir III](/source/Ardashir_III), age 9, is murdered after an 18 month reign. He is succeeded by Shahrbaraz who becomes ruler (''[shah](/source/shah)'') of the [Sasanian Empire](/source/Sasanian_Empire).<ref>{{cite book|first=Parvaneh|last=Pourshariati|title=Decline and Fall of the Sassanid Empire|location=London|publisher=I.B. Tauris|year=2008|isbn=978-1-84511-645-3|pages=181–183}}</ref>
* [June 9](/source/June_9) &ndash; Shahrbaraz is killed and succeeded by [Borandukht](/source/Borandukht), daughter of former king [Khosrow II](/source/Khosrow_II). She ascends the [throne](/source/throne) as 26th monarch of [Persia](/source/Iran), before being deposed in favour of [Shapur-i Shahrvaraz](/source/Shapur-i_Shahrvaraz), whose brief reign is then followed by that of her sister [Azarmidokht](/source/Azarmidokht).

==== Arabia ====
* [January](/source/January) &ndash; [Battle of Hunayn](/source/Battle_of_Hunayn): Muhammad defeats the [Bedouin](/source/Bedouin) tribe of [Hawazin](/source/Hawazin) (12,000 men) in a valley, on one of the roads leading to [Ta'if](/source/Ta'if) (Western [Arabia](/source/Saudi_Arabia)). 
* [February 5](/source/February_5) &ndash; [Siege of Ta'if](/source/Siege_of_Ta'if): [Muhammad](/source/Muhammad) begins to besiege Ta'if and brings [battering ram](/source/battering_ram)s and [catapult](/source/catapult)s to suppress the fortress city, but is unable to penetrate it.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Feo9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA145|title=The Life of Mahomet and the History of Islam|volume=4|first=William|last=Muir|authorlink=William Muir|location=London|publisher=Smith, Elder|year=1861|page=145}}</ref>
* [December 11](/source/December_11) &ndash; [Conquest of Mecca](/source/Conquest_of_Mecca): A Muslim army (10,000 men) marches on [Mecca](/source/Mecca), which surrenders. [Muhammad](/source/Muhammad) takes the city from the [Quraysh](/source/Quraysh)

==== Asia ====
* [Illig Qaghan](/source/Illig_Qaghan), ruler (''[khagan](/source/khagan)'') of the [Eastern Turkic Khaganate](/source/Eastern_Turkic_Khaganate), is captured by [Li Jing](/source/Li_Jing_(Tang_dynasty)) during the [Tang campaign against the Eastern Turks](/source/Tang_campaign_against_the_Eastern_Turks).

=== By topic ===
==== Religion ====
* [Xuanzang](/source/Xuanzang), Chinese [Buddhist](/source/Buddhist) monk (''[bhikkhu](/source/bhikkhu)''), travels across the [Gobi Desert](/source/Gobi_Desert) to [Kumul](/source/Hami_City). Following the [Tian Shan](/source/Tian_Shan) mountain range of Central Asia westwards, he arrives in [Turpan](/source/Turpan).</onlyinclude>

== Births ==
* [November 7](/source/November_7) &ndash; [Constans II](/source/Constans_II), Byzantine emperor (d. [668](/source/668))
* [Alhfrith](/source/Alhfrith), king of [Deira](/source/Deira) (approximate date)
* [Conon I](/source/Pope_Conon), pope of the [Catholic Church](/source/Catholic_Church) (approximate date)
* [Di Renjie](/source/Di_Renjie), chancellor of the [Tang dynasty](/source/Tang_dynasty) (d. [700](/source/700))
* [Fausta](/source/Fausta_(wife_of_Constans_II)), Byzantine empress (approximate date)
* [Nukata](/source/Princess_Nukata), Japanese poet (approximate date)
* [Reineldis](/source/Reineldis), Frankisch [saint](/source/saint) (approximate date)
* [Sigebert III](/source/Sigebert_III), king of [Austrasia](/source/Austrasia) (approximate date)

== Deaths ==
* [April 27](/source/April_27) &ndash; [Ardashir III](/source/Ardashir_III), king of the [Persian Empire](/source/Sasanian_Empire)
* [June 9](/source/June_9) &ndash; [Shahrbaraz](/source/Shahrbaraz), king of the Persian Empire
* [Du Ruhui](/source/Du_Ruhui), chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. [585](/source/585))
* [Ricberht](/source/Ricberht_of_East_Anglia), king of [East Anglia](/source/Kingdom_of_East_Anglia) (approximate date)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Nicolle |first=David |author-link=David Nicolle |year=1994 |title=Yarmuk 636 AD: The Muslim conquest of Syria |location=London |publisher=Osprey |page=62 |isbn=1-85532-414-8}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:630}}
Category:630

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [630](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/630) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/630?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.