# 490 BC > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/490_BC > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/490_BC.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/490_BC > Source revision: 1350129378 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Year **490 BC** was a year of the [pre-Julian Roman calendar](/source/Roman_calendar). At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Camerinus and Flavus** (or, less frequently, **year 264 *[Ab urbe condita](/source/Ab_urbe_condita)***). The denomination 490 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [Anno Domini](/source/Anno_Domini) [calendar era](/source/Calendar_era) became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. ## Events ### By place #### Greece - [Darius I](/source/Darius_I) sends an expedition, under [Artaphernes](/source/Artaphernes) and [Datis](/source/Datis) the Mede, across the [Aegean](/source/Aegean_Sea) to attack the Athenians and the Eretrians. [Hippias](/source/Hippias_(tyrant)), the aged ex-tyrant of Athens, is on one of the Persian ships in the hope of being restored to power in Athens. - When the Ionian Greeks in [Asia Minor](/source/Anatolia) rebelled against [Persia](/source/Achaemenid_Empire) in [499 BC](/source/499_BC), [Eretria](/source/Eretria) joined [Athens](/source/Athens) in sending aid to the rebels. As a result, Darius makes a point of punishing Eretria during his invasion of Greece. The city is sacked and burned and its inhabitants are enslaved. He intends the same fate for Athens. - [September 12](/source/September_12) – The [Battle of Marathon](/source/Battle_of_Marathon) takes place as a Persian army of more than 20,000 men is advised by Hippias to land in the Bay of [Marathon](/source/Marathon,_Greece), where they meet the Athenians supported by the [Plataeans](/source/Plataea). The Persians are repulsed by 11,500 Greeks under the leadership of [Callimachus](/source/Callimachus_(polemarch)) and [Miltiades](/source/Miltiades_the_Younger). Some 6,400 Persians are killed at a cost of 192 Athenian dead. Callimachus, the war-archon of Athens, is killed in the battle. After the battle, the Persians return home. - Before the Battle of Marathon, the Athenians send a runner, [Pheidippides](/source/Pheidippides), to seek help from [Sparta](/source/Sparta). However, the Spartans delay sending troops to Marathon because religious requirements (the [Carneia](/source/Carneia)) mean they must wait for the full moon. - The Greek historian [Herodotus](/source/Herodotus), the main source for the [Greco-Persian Wars](/source/Greco-Persian_Wars), mentions Pheidippides as the messenger who runs from [Athens](/source/Athens) to [Sparta](/source/Sparta) asking for help, and then runs back, a distance of over 240 kilometres[1] each way.[2] After the battle, he runs back to Athens to spread the news and raise the spirits. It is claimed that his last words before collapsing and dying in Athens are "Chairete, nikomen" ("Rejoice, we are victorious"). - Hippias dies at [Lemnos](/source/Lemnos) on the journey back to [Sardis](/source/Sardis) after the Persian defeat. - [Cleomenes I](/source/Cleomenes_I) is forced to flee [Sparta](/source/Sparta) when his plot against [Demaratus](/source/Demaratus) is discovered, but the Spartans allow him to return when he begins gathering an army in the surrounding territories. However, by this time he has become insane, and the Spartans put him in prison. Shortly after, he commits suicide. He is succeeded as King of Sparta by a member of the [Agiad](/source/Kings_of_Sparta) house, his half-brother, [Leonidas](/source/Leonidas_I). #### Europe - Carthaginian navigator [Himilco](/source/Himilco) is the first known explorer from the Mediterranean Sea to reach the northwestern shores of Europe (approximate date). ### By topic #### Architecture - The Athenians begin the building of a temple to [Athena Parthenos](/source/Athena_Parthenos) (approximate date). - Stelae are once again allowed in Athenian cemeteries, having been banned since [510 BC](/source/510_BC). ## Births - [Empedocles](/source/Empedocles), [Greek](/source/Ancient_Greece) philosopher (d. c. [430 BC](/source/430_BC)) - [Zeno of Elea](/source/Zeno_of_Elea), [Greek](/source/Ancient_Greece) philosopher (d. c. [430 BC](/source/430_BC)) ## Deaths - [Hippias](/source/Hippias_(tyrant)), tyrant of Athens - [Callimachus](/source/Callimachus_(polemarch)), war-archon of Athens - [Appius Claudius Sabinus Regillensis](/source/Appius_Claudius_Sabinus_Regillensis), legendary founder of the [gens Claudia](/source/Gens_Claudia) - [Pheidippides](/source/Pheidippides), messenger and soldier of Athens ## References 1. [International Spartathlon Association](http://www.spartathlon.gr/TheRace.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20080629083320/http://www.spartathlon.gr/TheRace.html) June 29, 2008 at the Wayback Machine 1. [The Great Marathon Myth](http://www.coolrunning.co.nz/articles/2002a007.html#appendix) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20090828223341/http://www.coolrunning.co.nz/articles/2002a007.html#appendix) August 28, 2009 at the Wayback Machine --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [490 BC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/490_BC) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/490_BC?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.