# 441

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Year **441** (**[CDXLI](/source/Roman_numerals)**) was a [common year starting on Wednesday](/source/Common_year_starting_on_Wednesday) of the [Julian calendar](/source/Julian_calendar). At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of [Seleucus](/source/Cyrus_of_Panopolis) without colleague** (or, less frequently, **year 1194 *[Ab urbe condita](/source/Ab_urbe_condita)***). The denomination 441 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [Anno Domini](/source/Anno_Domini) [calendar era](/source/Calendar_era) became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events

<onlyinclude>

### By place

#### Byzantium

- [Chrysaphius](/source/Chrysaphius), chief minister, persuades Emperor [Theodosius II](/source/Theodosius_II) at [Constantinople](/source/Constantinople) to dismiss his sister [Pulcheria](/source/Pulcheria), for her policy of exiling the [Jews](/source/Jews), and destroying their [synagogues](/source/Synagogue).[1]
- Theodosius II sends the Eastern imperial fleet, under the command of the Romano-Goth [Areobindus](/source/Areobindus_(consul_434)), into [Sicilian](/source/Sicily) waters, taking the [Vandals](/source/Vandals) by surprise.
- Pulcheria leaves for the seaport [Hebdomon](/source/Bak%C4%B1rk%C3%B6y) ([Turkey](/source/Turkey)), and becomes a [nun](/source/Nun) to support [Nestorianism](/source/Nestorianism) in the [Holy Land](/source/Holy_Land) ([Palestine](/source/Palestine_(region))).
- The [Huns](/source/Huns), led by [Attila](/source/Attila), attack [Constanţa](/source/Constan%C5%A3a) (modern [Romania](/source/Romania)), one of the few remaining Roman [forts](/source/Castra) on the northern bank of the [Danube](/source/Danube), and designated as a secure [trading post](/source/Trading_post). On a crowded [market](/source/Market_(place)) day, the Huns take the town by surprise and slaughter the [garrison](/source/Garrison).[2]

#### Europe

- The [second Revolt](/source/Second_Bagaudae_Revolt) of [Bagaudae](/source/Bagaudae) in Armorica under leading of [Eudoxius](/source/Eudoxius_(doctor)) is knocked down by the [Alans](/source/Alans). Eudoxius fled to the [Huns](/source/Huns).
- King [Hermeric](/source/Hermeric) dies after a two-year illness; he is succeeded by his son [Rechila](/source/Rechila), who becomes sole ruler over the [Suebic Kingdom of Galicia](/source/Suebic_Kingdom_of_Galicia).
- Rechila invades [Baetica](/source/Hispania_Baetica) and conquers the capital [Seville](/source/Seville). The [Romans](/source/Roman_Empire) are driven from the [Iberian Peninsula](/source/Iberian_Peninsula) with the exception of the [Levante](/source/Levante,_Spain).[citation needed]
- [November 8](/source/November_8) – The [first Council of Orange](/source/First_Council_of_Orange) is convened under the guidance of [Hilary of Arles](/source/Hilary_of_Arles) in [Orange](/source/Orange,_France) ([France](/source/France)).

#### Persia

- King [Yazdegerd II](/source/Yazdegerd_II) of [Persia](/source/Sassanid_Empire) signs a [peace treaty](/source/Peace_treaty) after a short war with the [Eastern Roman Empire](/source/Eastern_Roman_Empire). Theodosius II sends his commander, [Anatolius](/source/Anatolius_(consul)), to conclude his terms and promise not to build any new [fortifications](/source/Fortification) along the border territories.

### By topic

#### Religion

- [Domnus II](/source/Domnus_II_of_Antioch) succeeds his uncle [John](/source/John_I_of_Antioch) as [Patriarch of Antioch](/source/List_of_Patriarchs_of_Antioch).</onlyinclude>

## Births

- [Shen Yue](/source/Shen_Yue), Chinese [historian](/source/Historian) and statesman (d. [513](/source/513))

## Deaths

- [Hermeric](/source/Hermeric), king of the [Suebi](/source/Suebi)[3]
- [John](/source/John_I_of_Antioch), [Patriarch of Antioch](/source/List_of_Patriarchs_of_Antioch)

## References

1. Elton, Hugh (2018). ["The Early Fifth Century, 395–455"](https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/roman-empire-in-late-antiquity/early-fifth-century-395455/6212FF897B68BB3AF29228F08ECFD4D1). *The Roman Empire in Late Antiquity: A Political and Military History*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 151–194. [doi:10.1017/9781139030236](https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139030236). ISBN 978-0-521-89931-4.

1. The End of Empire. Christopher Kelly, 2009. ISBN 978-0-393-33849-2

1. Roger Collins, *Early Medieval Spain*, second edition (New York: St. Martin's, 1995), p. 298

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [441](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/441) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/441?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.