# 3C 356

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Radio galaxy in the constellation Draco

3C 356 The radio galaxy 3C 356. Observation data (J2000.0 epoch) Constellation Draco Right ascension 17h 24m 19.041s Declination +50° 57′ 40.14″ Redshift 1.079000 Heliocentric radial velocity 323,476 km/s Distance 7.817 Gly Apparent magnitude (V) 21.5 Apparent magnitude (B) 21.5 Characteristics Type NLRG Other designations LHE 425, 4C 51.36, OHIO T 538, NRAO 526, NVSS J172420+505714, WB 1723+5100, LEDA 2817697

**3C 356** is a distant [radio galaxy](/source/Radio_galaxy)[1][2] located in the [constellation](/source/Constellation) of [Draco](/source/Draco_(constellation)), hosted by a merging pair of [elliptical galaxies](/source/Elliptical_galaxy) located at [redshift](/source/Redshift) (z) 1.079[3] with two radio cores having a separation gap of 5 [arcseconds](/source/Minute_and_second_of_arc).[4][5] It was first discovered as an [astronomical radio source](/source/Astronomical_radio_source) by P. Veron from a [3C](/source/Third_Cambridge_Catalogue_of_Radio_Sources) revised catalogue in 1966[6] and such, shows an alignment effect at both [wavelengths](/source/Wavelength).[7] The [X-ray source](/source/Astrophysical_X-ray_source) luminosity for this galaxy is estimated to be 2.5 × 1044 erg s−1.[2]

## Description

3C 356 contains a double compact source with a 170° [position angle](/source/Position_angle). The source is found weakly depolarized in south-east direction closer to the central region. There is a presence of a northern object displaying a more [ionized](/source/Ionization) [emission line spectrum](/source/Spectral_line) likely the source's origin. In additional, the northern component is more compact but has an extension directly south by 3 arcseconds.[8] According to [Hubble Space Telescope](/source/Hubble_Space_Telescope) (HST) imaging of a northwest component, this shows a high [surface brightness](/source/Surface_brightness) conelike structure with a much fainter extension.[9]

The radio structure of 3C 356 is complex. Its radio core position is unresolved with a diffused region peaking 5 arcseconds away at a position angle of 150° and a radio axis of 162°.[10] There are two [radio lobes](/source/Radio_lobe) in 3C 356 are located 15 arcseconds and 30 arcseconds in both directions.[3] According to [Very Large Array](/source/Very_Large_Array) radio mapping, both northwestern and southeastern lobes are shown enlarged and overlaid [polarized](/source/Polarization_(waves)). In the southeastern lobe, there are three compact structures of equal brightness. The northwestern lobe on the other hand, contains a defined hot spot and more extended [emission](/source/Electromagnetic_radiation).[11]

According to deep [near-infrared](/source/Infrared) imaging taken via [Subaru Telescope](/source/Subaru_Telescope), 3C 356 is found connected with a poor [cluster of galaxies](/source/Galaxy_cluster).[12] A [stellar mass](/source/Stellar_mass) of 4 × 1011 M☉ has also been calculated for the [spectral energy distribution](/source/Spectral_energy_distribution) of the galaxy as well, with the [supermassive black hole](/source/Supermassive_black_hole) mass being 8.74 ± 0.42 M☉.[13]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** information@eso.org. ["Radio galaxy 3C 356"](https://esahubble.org/images/heic1511e/). *www.esahubble.org*. Retrieved 2024-12-01.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_2-1) Crawford, C. S.; Fabian, A. C. (July 1996). ["A ROSAT HRI observation of 3C 356: further evidence for a distant intracluster medium"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F281.1.l5). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **281** (1): L5–L8. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1996MNRAS.281L...5C](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996MNRAS.281L...5C). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/mnras/281.1.l5](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F281.1.l5). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0035-8711](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-8711).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_3-1) Hilbert, B.; Chiaberge, M.; Kotyla, J. P.; Tremblay, G. R.; Stanghellini, C.; Sparks, W. B.; Baum, S.; Capetti, A.; Macchetto, F. D.; Miley, G. K.; O’Dea, C. P.; Perlman, E. S.; Quillen, A. (2016-07-01). ["Powerful Activity in the Bright Ages. I. A Visible/IR Survey of High Redshift 3C Radio Galaxies and Quasars"](https://doi.org/10.3847%2F0067-0049%2F225%2F1%2F12). *The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series*. **225** (1): 12. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1605.03196](https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.03196). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2016ApJS..225...12H](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ApJS..225...12H). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3847/0067-0049/225/1/12](https://doi.org/10.3847%2F0067-0049%2F225%2F1%2F12). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0067-0049](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0067-0049).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Best, P. N.; Longair, M. S.; Rottgering, H. J. A. (1996-05-01). ["Evolution of the aligned structures in z 1 radio galaxies"](https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1996MNRAS.280L...9B). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **280** (1): L9–L12. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/mnras/280.1.l9](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F280.1.l9). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[1887/6693](https://hdl.handle.net/1887%2F6693). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0035-8711](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-8711).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Jackson, N.; Rawlings, S. (1997-03-21). ["\[O III\] 500.7 spectroscopy of 3C galaxies and quasars at redshift z > 1"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F286.1.241). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **286** (1): 241–256. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1997MNRAS.286..241J](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997MNRAS.286..241J). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/mnras/286.1.241](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F286.1.241). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0035-8711](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-8711).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Véron, P. (June 1966). ["Optical Positions for Radio Sources in the 3C Revised Catalogue"](https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1966ApJ...144..861V). *The Astrophysical Journal*. **144**: 861. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1966ApJ...144..861V](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1966ApJ...144..861V). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/148682](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F148682). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0004-637X](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-637X).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Cimatti, Andrea; Dey, Arjun; Breugel, Wil van; Hurt, Todd; Antonucci, Robert (1997-02-20). ["Keck Spectropolarimetry of Two High-*z*Radio Galaxies: Discerning the Components of the Alignment Effect"](https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/303660/fulltext/34777.text.html). *The Astrophysical Journal*. **476** (2): 677–684. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1997ApJ...476..677C](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997ApJ...476..677C). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/303660](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F303660). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0004-637X](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-637X).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Crawford, C. S.; Fabian, A. C. (January 1993). ["A ROSAT observation of the powerful distant radio galaxy 3C 356"](https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1993MNRAS.260L..15C). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **260** (1): L15–L19. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/mnras/260.1.l15](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F260.1.l15). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0035-8711](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-8711).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Martel, André R.; Baum, Stefi A.; Sparks, William B.; Wyckoff, Eric; Biretta, John A.; Golombek, Daniel; Macchetto, Ferdinando D.; de Koff, Sigrid; McCarthy, Patrick J.; Miley, George K. (May 1999). ["Hubble Space Telescope Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts. II. Radio Galaxies with z > 0.5"](https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/313035/fulltext/34781.text.html). *The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series*. **122** (1): 81–108. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1999ApJS..122...81M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ApJS..122...81M). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/313205](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F313205). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0067-0049](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0067-0049).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Eisenhardt, Peter; Chokshi, Arati (March 1990). ["Infrared images of distant 3C radio galaxies"](https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1990ApJ...351L...9E/L000011.000.html). *The Astrophysical Journal*. **351**: L9. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1990ApJ...351L...9E](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990ApJ...351L...9E). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/185667](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F185667). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0004-637X](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-637X).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Fernini, Ilias; Burns, Jack O.; Bridle, Alan H.; Perley, Rick A. (May 1993). ["Very Large Array imaging of five Fanaroff-Riley II 3CR radio galaxies"](https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1993AJ....105.1690F/0001692.000.html). *The Astronomical Journal*. **105**: 1690. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1993AJ....105.1690F](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993AJ....105.1690F). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/116547](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F116547). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0004-6256](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6256).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Simpson, C.; Rawlings, S. (2002-08-11). ["The radio galaxy 3C 356 and clues to the trigger mechanisms for powerful radio sources"](https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-8711.2002.05453.x). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **334** (3): 511–522. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[astro-ph/0203446](https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0203446). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2002MNRAS.334..511S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002MNRAS.334..511S). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05453.x](https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-8711.2002.05453.x). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0035-8711](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-8711).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Fernandes, C. A. C.; Jarvis, M. J.; Martínez-Sansigre, A.; Rawlings, S.; Afonso, J.; Hardcastle, M. J.; Lacy, M.; Stevens, J. A.; Vardoulaki, E. (2014-12-22). ["Black hole masses, accretion rates and hot- and cold-mode accretion in radio galaxies at z ∼ 1"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstu2517). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **447** (2): 1184–1203. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1411.7388](https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.7388). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/mnras/stu2517](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstu2517). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1365-2966](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1365-2966).

## External links

- [3C 356 on NASA/IPAC Database](https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?search_type=Obj_id&objid=70286&objname=10&img_stamp=YES&hconst=73.0&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1)

- [3C 356 on SIMBAD](http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?bibyear1=1850&bibyear2=%24currentYear&submit=Display&Ident=%40352384&Name=3C+356&bibdisplay=refsum&bibyear1=1850&bibyear2=%24currentYear#lab_bib)

v t e Constellation of Draco List of stars in Draco Draco in Chinese astronomy Stars Bayer α (Thuban) β (Rastaban) γ (Eltanin) δ (Altais) ε (Tyl) ζ (Aldhibah) η (Athebyne) θ ι (Edasich) κ λ (Giausar) μ (Alrakis) ν (Kuma) ξ (Grumium) ο π ρ σ (Alsafi) τ υ φ χ ψ1 (Dziban) ψ2 ω Flamsteed 4 6 7 (Tianyi) 8 (Taiyi) 10 (i) 15 (A) 18 (g) 19 (h) 26 36 39 (b) 42 (Fafnir) 45 (d) 50 59 64 (e) 68 Variable TW YY AG BY CL CM CX DO EK HP V581 HR 3751 4126 4934 5811 6237 6518 6618 (Alruba) 6817 7137 7783 HD 109246 (Funi) 101364 128717 147379 156279 158259 176693 191939 Other 2MASS 1237+6526 2MASS J17554042+6551277 G 240-72 GD 356 Gliese 420 Gliese 625 Gliese 687 GRW +70 8247 Kepler-4 Kepler-10 Kepler-12 Kepler-90 Kepler-296 KOI-256 LP 71-82 Qatar-1 SDSS J1240+6710 Struve 2398 TOI-1136 WD 1856+534 WISE 1647+5632 WISE 1841+7000 Exoplanets HD 139357 b HD 167042 b ι Dra b (Hypatia) Kepler-4b Kepler-10b c Kepler-12b Kepler-90e f g h i Kepler-296b c d e f TOI-1452 b TrES-2b Star clusters LAMOST 1 Nebulae Cat's Eye Nebula NGC 6742 Galaxies NGC 3147 3197 3735 4121 4125 4221 4236 4319 4331 4332 4363 4441 4513 4545 4589 5678 5777 5866 5866B 5879 5905 5907 5949 5963 5965 5982 5985 6090 6248 6285 6286 6338 6340 6365 6373 6394 6412 6503 6505 6566 6621 6622 6670 6676 6786 6789 Other 1ES 1927+654 1ES 1959+650 3C 249.1 3C 305 3C 319 3C 343 3C 343.1 3C 351 3C 356 3C 371 3C 380 3C 390.3 3C 401 4C +72.26 4C 73.08 8C 1241+735 Abell 2218 BCG Bean galaxy Beaver galaxy BZQ J1727+5510 Draco Dwarf Draco II GB 1508+5714 Goldfish galaxy H1821+643 HFLS3 IERS B1946+708 IRAS F17179+5444 IRAS 18580+6527 J120011.1+680924.8 KKR 25 Markarian 817 Markarian 876 Original TRG PGC 39058 Porphyrion QSO B1823+568 RGZ J172749.5+534647 S5 1803+784 S5 2007+777 SDSS J1715+6008 Tadpole Galaxy UGC 9391 UGC 9405 UGC 11241 UGC 11411 WISEA J145223.62+611707.5 WN B1851+5707 Galaxy clusters Abell 2218 CL1358+62 Draco Supercluster NGC 5866 Group Astronomical events SN 2003jb SN 2005B SN 2016aps Swift J1644+57 Category

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [3C 356](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3C_356) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3C_356?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.