# 3C 196.1

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Radio galaxy in the constellation Hydra

3C 196.1 Radio galaxy 3C 196.1. Observation data (J2000.0 epoch) Constellation Hydra Right ascension 08h 15m 27.810s Declination −03° 08′ 26.61″ Redshift 0.198000 Heliocentric radial velocity 59,359 km/s Distance 2.383 Gly Apparent magnitude (V) 16.94 Apparent magnitude (B) 18.49 Characteristics Type cD Notable features Radio galaxy of HyMORS type, X-ray cavity Other designations LEDA 1075766, DA 247, NVSS J081527-030826, PKS 0812-029, 3CR 196.1, 4C -02.35, NRAO 286, TXS 0812-029

**3C 196.1** is a low-excitation [radio galaxy](/source/Radio_galaxy)[1][2] located in the [constellation](/source/Constellation) of [Hydra](/source/Hydra_(constellation)). It has a [redshift](/source/Redshift) of 0.198[3] and was first discovered as an [astronomical radio source](/source/Astronomical_radio_source) in 1965.[4] This object resides as the [brightest cluster galaxy](/source/Brightest_cluster_galaxy) (BCG) of a cool core [galaxy cluster](/source/Galaxy_cluster) CIZA J0815.4-0308 located at the same redshift, with its source being best described as a HyMOR (Hybrid Morphology Radio Source).[5][6]

## Description

The host galaxy of 3C 196.1 is a [type-cD](/source/Type-cD_galaxy) [elliptical galaxy](/source/Elliptical_galaxy) confirmed by [near-infrared](/source/Infrared) and [optical](/source/Optics) imaging. It is described having an elongated structure from northeast and southwest direction[7][8] with an estimated angular size of 3.16 kpc arcsec−1.[6] According to optical [color gradients](/source/Color_gradient) of the host galaxy, 3C 196.1 exhibits periodic shells with the [centroids](/source/Centroid) of the optical isotopes having a directional shift towards southwest, indicating a [merger stage](/source/Galaxy_merger).[5] Furthermore, nucleus of the galaxy is partly obscured by [interstellar dust](/source/Cosmic_dust)[9] and appears to be split in several patches of [emission](/source/Electromagnetic_radiation) that is extended along the nucleus' direction.[10]

Radio imaging of 3C 196.1 made by [Very Large Array](/source/Very_Large_Array), shows a compact one-sided source within the host galaxy and a secondary nucleus on its side opposite its radio extension,[11] measuring a total size of 16 [kpc](/source/Parsec) and an orientation along a [position angle](/source/Position_angle) of 40°. The southwest side of the galaxy has an enshrouded [radio lobe](/source/Radio_lobe) with the region displaying high [recessional velocities](/source/Recessional_velocity) that is exceeding 500 km s−1 whereas the northwest side is more diffused with a small velocity dispersion.[12]

According to X-ray and [radio imaging](/source/Radio_imaging) analysis, 3C 196.1 has a butterfly-shaped [X-ray](/source/X-ray_astronomy) cavity located 10 kpc from its nucleus with the inner and outer cavities having jet power of 1.9 × 1044 [erg](/source/Erg) s−1 and 3.4 × 1044 erg s−1 respectively. The [enthalpies](/source/Enthalpy) of the inner and outer cavities are computed as 7 × 1058 erg and 3 × 1060 erg.[5] Further evidence also shows presence of [ionized](/source/Ionization) gas filling up the cavity suggesting either the gas underwent numerous ionization events from AGN outbursts caused by the galaxy or the cooling of AGN outflows (104 < T ≤ 107 K) are causing the gas to form filaments.[8]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Ricci, Federica (2022-09-01). ["Dissecting the stormy weather in 3C 196.1"](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022cxo..prop.6381R/abstract). *Chandra Proposal*: 6381. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2022cxo..prop.6381R](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022cxo..prop.6381R).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Jimenez-Gallardo, Ana; Massaro, Francesco; Sani, Eleonora; Mazzucchelli, Chiara; Ricci, Federica; Balmaverde, Barbara; Capetti, Alessandro; Forman, William; Kraft, Ralph; Venturi, Giacomo; Prieto, Almudena; Marconi, Alessandro; Baum, Stefi; O'Dea, Chris; Paggi, Alessandro (2022-07-01). ["Feedback on radio galaxies: the cases of 3CR 318.1 and 3CR 196.1"](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022cosp...44.2328J/abstract). *44th COSPAR Scientific Assembly. Held 16–24 July*. **44**: 2328. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2022cosp...44.2328J](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022cosp...44.2328J).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Balmaverde, B.; Capetti, A.; Baldi, R. D.; Baum, S.; Chiaberge, M.; Gilli, R.; Jimenez-Gallardo, A.; Marconi, A.; Massaro, F.; Meyer, E.; O’Dea, C.; Speranza, G.; Torresi, E.; Venturi, G. (June 2022). ["The MURALES survey VI. Properties and origin of the extended line emission structures in radio galaxies"](https://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142823). *Astronomy & Astrophysics*. **662**: A23. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2204.00528](https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.00528). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2022A&A...662A..23B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022A&A...662A..23B). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/202142823](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202142823). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0004-6361](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6361).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Conway, R. G.; Daintree, E. J.; Long, R. J. (1965-12-01). ["Observations of Radio Sources at 612 and 1 400 Mc/s"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F131.1.159). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **131** (1): 159–171. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/mnras/131.1.159](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F131.1.159). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0035-8711](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-8711).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:0_5-2) Ricci, F.; Lovisari, L.; Kraft, R. P.; Massaro, F.; Paggi, A.; Liuzzo, E.; Tremblay, G.; Forman, W. R.; Baum, S.; O’Dea, C.; Wilkes, B. (October 2018). ["Stormy Weather in 3C 196.1: Nuclear Outbursts and Merger Events Shape the Environment of the Hybrid Radio Galaxy 3C 196.1"](https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Faae487). *The Astrophysical Journal*. **867** (1): 35. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1809.10693](https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.10693). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2018ApJ...867...35R](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApJ...867...35R). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3847/1538-4357/aae487](https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Faae487). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0004-637X](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-637X).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_6-1) Massaro, F.; Tremblay, G. R.; Harris, D. E.; Kharb, P.; Axon, D.; Balmaverde, B.; Baum, S. A.; Capetti, A.; Chiaberge, M.; Gilli, R.; Giovannini, G.; Grandi, P.; Macchetto, F. D.; O'Dea, C. P.; Risaliti, G. (2012-11-28). ["*CHANDRA* OBSERVATIONS OF 3C RADIO SOURCES WITH *z* < 0.3. II. COMPLETING THE SNAPSHOT SURVEY"](https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/203/2/31). *The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series*. **203** (2): 31. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1210.6027](https://arxiv.org/abs/1210.6027). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2012ApJS..203...31M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJS..203...31M). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1088/0067-0049/203/2/31](https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0067-0049%2F203%2F2%2F31). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0067-0049](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0067-0049).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Madrid, Juan P.; Chiaberge, Marco; Floyd, David; Sparks, William B.; Macchetto, Duccio; Miley, George K.; Axon, David; Capetti, Alessandro; O’Dea, Christopher P.; Baum, Stefi; Perlman, Eric; Quillen, Alice (June 2006). "*Hubble Space Telescope* Near-Infrared Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts at Low Redshift". *The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series*. **164** (2): 307–333. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[astro-ph/0603239](https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0603239). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2006ApJS..164..307M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ApJS..164..307M). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/504480](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F504480). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0067-0049](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0067-0049).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:2_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:2_8-1) Jimenez-Gallardo, A.; Sani, E.; Ricci, F.; Mazzucchelli, C.; Balmaverde, B.; Massaro, F.; Capetti, A.; Forman, W. R.; Kraft, R. P.; Venturi, G.; Gendron-Marsolais, M.; Prieto, M. A.; Marconi, A.; Peña-Herazo, H. A.; Baum, S. A. (2022-12-01). ["The Cavity of 3CR 196.1: Hα Emission Spatially Associated with an X-Ray Cavity"](https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Faca08b). *The Astrophysical Journal*. **941** (2): 114. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2211.04481](https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.04481). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2022ApJ...941..114J](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022ApJ...941..114J). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3847/1538-4357/aca08b](https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Faca08b). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0004-637X](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-637X).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** de Koff, Sigrid; Best, Philip; Baum, Stefi A.; Sparks, William; Rottgering, Huub; Miley, George; Golombek, Daniel; Macchetto, Ferdinando; Martel, Andre (July 2000). ["The Dust-Radio Connection in 3CR Radio Galaxies"](https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/313402/fulltext/). *The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series*. **129** (1): 33–159. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2000ApJS..129...33D](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000ApJS..129...33D). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/313402](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F313402).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** de Koff, Sigrid; Baum, Stefi A.; Sparks, William B.; Biretta, John; Golombek, Daniel; Macchetto, Ferdinando; McCarthy, Patrick; Miley, George K. (December 1996). ["HST Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts. I. Intermediate Redshifts"](https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/192376/pdf). *The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series*. **107** (2): 621–660. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1996ApJS..107..621D](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996ApJS..107..621D). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/192376](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F192376). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0067-0049](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0067-0049).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Neff, S. G.; Roberts, L.; Hutchings, J. B. (1995-08-01). ["VLA Maps of Radio Galaxies to Z = 1"](https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1995ApJS...99..349N). *The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series*. **99**: 349. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1995ApJS...99..349N](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995ApJS...99..349N). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/192190](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F192190). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0067-0049](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0067-0049).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Balmaverde, B.; Capetti, A.; Marconi, A.; Venturi, G.; Chiaberge, M.; Baldi, R. D.; Baum, S.; Gilli, R.; Grandi, P.; Meyer, E. T.; Miley, G.; O’Dea, C.; Sparks, W.; Torresi, E.; Tremblay, G. (2020-12-21). ["The MURALES survey III. Completing the MUSE observations of 37 3C low-z radio galaxies"](https://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039062). *Astronomy & Astrophysics*. **645**: A12. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2010.11195](https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11195). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2021A&A...645A..12B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021A&A...645A..12B). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/202039062](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202039062). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0004-6361](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6361).

## External links

- [3C 196.1 on SIMBAD](http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=3C%20196.1)

- [3C 196.1 on NASA/IPAC Database](https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?search_type=Obj_id&objid=67408&objname=1&img_stamp=YES&hconst=73.0&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1)

v t e Constellation of Hydra List of stars in Hydra Hydra in Chinese astronomy Stars Bayer α (Alphard) β γ (Naga) δ ε (Ashlesha) ζ η θ ι (Ukdah) κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ (Minchir) τ1 τ2 υ1 (Zhang) υ2 φ1 φ2 φ3 χ1 χ2 ψ ω b1 b3 C F Flamsteed 1 2 3 6 (a) 9 10 12 (D) 14 15 17 19 20 21 23 24 25 26 27 (P) 28 29 33 (A) 34 37 44 47 48 50 51 (k) 52 (l) 54 (m) 55 56 57 58 (Solitaire) 59 60 10 Crt 17 Crt 20 Crt 2 Sex Variable R U V W TW EX HS KU LQ V361 V419 V421 V478 V484 HR 3378 3538 3749 (G) 3750 3858 (I) 3862 3919 3923 (Felis) 4162 4328 4339 (β Ant) 4445 5265 HD 72659 74156 82943 86226 86264 90156 (γ Ant) Other 2MASS 1114−2618 ESO 439-26 Gliese 328 Gliese 357 Gliese 433 Gliese 453 GJ 3634 HAT-P-30 HE 1256−2738 HE 1327−2326 LHS 2065 LHS 3003 LTT 3780 SDSS J090745.0+024507 WASP-25 WASP-36 WASP-84 WASP-166 (Filetdor) WISE 0855−0714 WISEA J1141−3326 Exoplanets Gliese 357 d HD 72659 b HD 74156 b c HD 82943 b c HD 86226 b HD 86264 b TW Hydrae b (unconfirmed) WASP-193b Star clusters Messier 48 Messier 68 NGC 5694 Price-Whelan 1 Nebulae Abell 33 Abell 35 NGC 3242 Southern Owl Nebula Galaxies Messier 83 NGC 2617 2642 2697 2708 2758 2835 2848 2865 2890 2935 2936 2937 2960 2962 2986 2992 3030 3052 3054 3081 3109 3124 3200 3285 3285B 3290 3305 3307 3308 3309 3311 3312 3313 3314 3315 3316 3336 3369 3383 3393 3402 3463 3464 3585 3621 3673 3717 3904 3923 3936 4980 4993 5042 5061 5078 5085 5101 5135 5260 5264 5495 5626 Other 3C 196.1 AM 1316−241 Arp 7 CTQ 327 ESO 510-G13 GAMA202627 GLEAM J0917−0012 Hydra A IC 535 MRC 1138−262 Peekaboo Galaxy PKS 1151−348 RX J0911.4+0551 SDSS J0841+0101 TN J0924−2201 Tololo 1247−232 ZwCl 1693 BCG Galaxy clusters Abell 754 Abell 3411 Abell 3412 Bullet Group Hickson 40 Astronomical events GW170817 Category

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [3C 196.1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3C_196.1) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3C_196.1?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.