# 3953 Perth

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> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/3953_Perth.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3953_Perth
> Source revision: 1346045301
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{{Short description|Main-belt asteroid}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
 | minorplanet     = yes
 | name            = 3953 Perth
 | background      = #D6D6D6
 | image           = 
 | image_size      = 
 | caption         = 
 | discovery_ref   = <ref name="jpldata" />
 | discoverer      = [E. Bowell](/source/Edward_Bowell)
 | discovery_site  = [Anderson Mesa Stn.](/source/Anderson_Mesa_Station)
 | discovered      = 6 November 1986
 | mpc_name        = (3953) Perth
 | alt_names       = {{mp|1986 VB|6}}{{·}}{{mp|1969 TO|6}}<br />{{mp|1979 QG|8}}{{·}}{{mp|1979 RP|1}}
 | pronounced      = 
 | named_after     = [Perth Observatory](/source/Perth_Observatory)<ref name="springer" /><br />{{small|(in West Australia)}}
 | mp_category     = [main-belt](/source/main-belt){{·}}{{small|([inner](/source/Kirkwood_gap))}}<br />[Flora](/source/Flora_family)<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Ferret" />
 | orbit_ref       = <ref name="jpldata" />
 | epoch           = 4 September 2017 ([JD](/source/Julian_day) 2458000.5)
 | uncertainty     = 0
 | observation_arc = 46.84 yr (17,109 days)
 | aphelion        = 2.6876 [AU](/source/Astronomical_unit)
 | perihelion      = 1.8342 AU
 | semimajor       = 2.2609 AU
 | eccentricity    = 0.1887
 | period          = 3.40 [yr](/source/Julian_year_(astronomy)) (1,242 days)
 | mean_anomaly    = 46.332[°](/source/Degree_(angle))
 | mean_motion     = {{Deg2DMS|0.2899|sup=ms}} / day
 | inclination     = 4.9507°
 | asc_node        = 129.08°
 | arg_peri        = 237.98°
 | dimensions      = 4.18 km {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|4.80|0.16}} km<ref name="Masiero-2012" />
 | rotation        = {{val|5.083|0.005}} [h](/source/Hour)<ref name="Kryszczynska-2012b" /><br />{{val|5.087|0.0010}} h<ref name="Waszczak-2015" /><br />{{val|5.2|0.1}} h<ref name="Wisniewski-1997" />
 | albedo          = 0.24 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.335|0.066}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" />
 | spectral_type   = [S](/source/S-type_asteroid)<ref name="lcdb" />
 | abs_magnitude   = 13.40<ref name="Masiero-2012" />{{·}}13.5<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{val|13.712|0.009}} {{small|(R)}}<ref name="Waszczak-2015" />{{·}}{{val|13.81|0.23}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />{{·}}{{val|14.06|0.04}}<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Wisniewski-1997" /><ref name="Pravec-2012b" />
}}

'''3953 Perth''', provisional designation {{mp|1986 VB|6}}, is a stony [Florian](/source/Flora_family) [asteroid](/source/asteroid) from the inner regions of the [asteroid belt](/source/asteroid_belt), approximately {{convert|4.5|km|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 6 November 1986, by American astronomer [Edward Bowell](/source/Edward_Bowell) at the [Anderson Mesa Station](/source/Anderson_Mesa_Station) near Flagstaff, Arizona.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid was named for the Australian [Perth Observatory](/source/Perth_Observatory).<ref name="springer" />

== Orbit and classification ==

''Perth'' is a member of the [Flora family](/source/Flora_family) ({{small|[402](/source/FIN_tbl)}}),<ref name="Ferret" /> a giant [asteroid family](/source/asteroid_family) and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main-belt.<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}} It orbits the Sun in the [inner](/source/Kirkwood_gap) main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.7&nbsp;[AU](/source/Astronomical_unit) once every 3 years and 5 months (1,242 days). Its orbit has an [eccentricity](/source/orbital_eccentricity) of 0.19 and an [inclination](/source/orbital_inclination) of 5[°](/source/Degree_(angle)) with respect to the [ecliptic](/source/ecliptic).<ref name="jpldata" />

The asteroid was first identified as {{mp|1969 TO|6}} at [Crimea–Nauchnij](/source/Crimea%E2%80%93Nauchnij) in October 1969. The body's [observation arc](/source/observation_arc) begins at Nauchnij with its identification as {{mp|1979 RP|1}} in October 1979, more than seven years prior to its official discovery observation at Anderson Mesa.<ref name="MPC-object" />

== Physical characteristics ==

''Perth'' is an assumed [S-type asteroid](/source/S-type_asteroid),<ref name="lcdb" /> which corresponds with the overall [spectral type](/source/Asteroid_spectral_type) of the Flora family.<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}}

=== Rotation period ===

In February 2008, a rotational [lightcurve](/source/lightcurve) of ''Perth'' was obtained by a collaboration of astronomers in a photometric survey of the Flora region. Lightcurve analysis gave a [rotation period](/source/rotation_period) of 5.083 hours with a brightness variation of 0.28 [magnitude](/source/Magnitude_(astronomy)) ({{small|[U=2](/source/LCDB_quality_code)}}).<ref name="Kryszczynska-2012b" /> Other photometric observations at the [Palomar Transient Factory](/source/Palomar_Transient_Factory) in October 2010, and by [Wiesław Wiśniewski](/source/Wies%C5%82aw_Wi%C5%9Bniewski) in December 1993, gave a period of 5.087 and 5.2 hours with an amplitude of 0.92 and 1.09, respectively ({{small|[U=2/2+](/source/LCDB_quality_code)}}).<ref name="Wisniewski-1997" /><ref name="Waszczak-2015" />

=== Diameter and albedo ===

According to the survey carried out by the [NEOWISE](/source/NEOWISE) mission of NASA's [Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer](/source/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer), ''Perth'' measures 4.80 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [albedo](/source/astronomical_albedo) of 0.335,<ref name="Masiero-2012" /> while the ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes an albedo of 0.24 – taken from [8&nbsp;Flora](/source/8%26nbsp%3BFlora) the Flora family's largest member and namesake – and derives a diameter of 4.18 kilometers based on an [absolute magnitude](/source/absolute_magnitude) of 14.06.<ref name="lcdb" />

== Naming ==

This [minor planet](/source/minor_planet) was named after the Australian [Perth Observatory](/source/Perth_Observatory) for its many contributions to astronomy including the ''Perth 70 meridian catalogue'', the co-discovery of the [rings of Uranus](/source/rings_of_Uranus), and observational work on [Comet Halley](/source/Comet_Halley) both in 1910 and 1986. The observatory was founded near the city of [Perth](/source/Perth) in 1896, and moved to [Bickley](/source/Bickley%2C_Western_Australia) in 1965. The observatory is known for its [astrometry](/source/astrometry) and [photometry](/source/Photometry_(astronomy)) on [small Solar System bodies](/source/small_Solar_System_bodies).<ref name="springer" /> The official naming citation was published by the [Minor Planet Center](/source/Minor_Planet_Center) on 17 August 1989 ({{small|[M.P.C.](/source/Minor_Planet_Circulars) 14972}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
  |type       = 2016-08-18 last obs.
  |title      = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3953 Perth (1986 VB6)
  |url        = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2003953
  |publisher  = [Jet Propulsion Laboratory](/source/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory)
  |access-date = 14 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book
  |last       = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
  |title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |publisher  = [Springer Berlin Heidelberg](/source/Springer_Berlin_Heidelberg)
  |page       = 337
  |date       = 2007
  |isbn       = 978-3-540-00238-3
  |doi       = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_3941 |chapter       = (3953) Perth }}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
  |title      = 3953 Perth (1986 VB6)
  |work       = Minor Planet Center
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=3953
  |access-date = 14 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
  |title      = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
  |work       = Minor Planet Center
  |url        = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
  |access-date = 14 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web
  |title      = Asteroid 3953 Perth – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0
  |work       = Small Bodies Data Ferret
  |url        = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=3953+Perth#Asteroid%203953%20PerthEAR-A-VARGBDET-5-NESVORNYFAM-V3.0
  |access-date = 27 October 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite book
  |first1     = D. |last1 = Nesvorný
  |first2     = M. |last2 = Broz
  |first3     = V. |last3 = Carruba
  |date       = December 2014
  |chapter      = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families
  |title    = Asteroids IV
  |pages      = 297–321
  |bibcode    = 2015aste.book..297N
  |doi        = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016
  |arxiv      = 1502.01628
  |isbn = 9780816532131}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite LCDB|number = 3953
  |access-date = 14 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal
  |display-authors = 6
  |first1     = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
  |first2     = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
  |first3     = T. |last3 = Grav
  |first4     = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
  |first5     = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
  |first6     = C. |last6 = Nugent
  |first7     = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera
  |date       = November 2012
  |title      = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids
  |url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M
  |journal    = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
  |volume     = 759
  |issue      = 1
  |page       = 5
  |bibcode    = 2012ApJ...759L...8M
  |doi        = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8
  |arxiv      = 1209.5794
  |access-date= 14 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Wisniewski-1997">{{Cite journal
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  |first2     = T. M. |last2 = Michalowski
  |first3     = A. W. |last3 = Harris
  |first4     = R. S. |last4 = McMillan
  |date       = March 1995
  |title      = Photoelectric Observations of 125 Asteroids
  |url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=1995LPI....26.1511W
  |journal    = Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
  |volume = 26
  |pages = 1511
  |bibcode    = 1995LPI....26.1511W
  |access-date= 14 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Kryszczynska-2012b">{{Cite journal
  |display-authors = 6
  |first1     = A. |last1 = Kryszczynska
  |first2     = F. |last2 = Colas
  |first3     = M. |last3 = Polinska
  |first4     = R. |last4 = Hirsch
  |first5     = V. |last5 = Ivanova
  |first6     = G. |last6 = Apostolovska
  |first7     = B. |last7 = Bilkina
  |first8     = F. P. |last8 = Velichko
  |first9     = T. |last9 = Kwiatkowski
  |first10    = P. |last10 = Kankiewicz
  |first11    = F. |last11 = Vachier
  |first12    = V. |last12 = Umlenski
  |first13    = T. |last13 = Michalowski
  |first14    = A. |last14 = Marciniak
  |first15    = A. |last15 = Maury
  |first16    = K. |last16 = Kaminski
  |first17    = M. |last17 = Fagas
  |first18    = W. |last18 = Dimitrov
  |first19    = W. |last19 = Borczyk
  |first20    = K. |last20 = Sobkowiak
  |first21    = J. |last21 = Lecacheux
  |first22    = R. |last22 = Behrend
  |first23    = A. |last23 = Klotz
  |first24    = L. |last24 = Bernasconi
  |first25    = R. |last25 = Crippa
  |first26    = F. |last26 = Manzini
  |first27    = R. |last27 = Poncy
  |first28    = P. |last28 = Antonini
  |first29    = D. |last29 = Oszkiewicz
  |first30    = T. |last30 = Santana-Ros
  |date       = October 2012
  |title      = Do Slivan states exist in the Flora family?. I. Photometric survey of the Flora region
  |journal    = Astronomy and Astrophysics
  |volume     = 546
  |page       = 51
  |bibcode    = 2012A&A...546A..72K
  |doi        = 10.1051/0004-6361/201219199
  |doi-access= free
  }}</ref>

<ref name="Waszczak-2015">{{cite journal
  |display-authors = 6
  |first1     = Adam |last1 = Waszczak
  |first2     = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang
  |first3     = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek
  |first4     = Russ |last4 = Laher
  |first5     = Frank |last5 = Masci
  |first6     = David |last6 = Levitan
  |first7     = Jason |last7 = Surace
  |first8     = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng
  |first9     = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip
  |first10    = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita
  |first11    = George |last11 = Helou
  |first12    = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince
  |first13    = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni
  |date       = September 2015
  |title      = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry
  |url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W
  |journal    = The Astronomical Journal
  |volume     = 150
  |issue      = 3
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  |bibcode    = 2015AJ....150...75W
  |doi        = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75
  |arxiv      = 1504.04041
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<ref name="Pravec-2012b">{{Cite journal
  |first1     = Petr |last1 = Pravec
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  |first4     = Adrián |last4 = Galád
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  |date       = September 2012
  |title      = Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations
  |url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012Icar..221..365P
  |journal    = Icarus
  |volume     = 221
  |issue      = 1
  |pages      = 365–387
  |bibcode    = 2012Icar..221..365P
  |doi        = 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026
  |access-date= 14 September 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal
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  |first1     = Peter |last1 = Veres
  |first2     = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
  |first3     = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
  |first4     = Larry |last4 = Denneau
  |first5     = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
  |first6     = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
  |first7     = Serge |last7 = Chastel
  |first8     = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
  |first9     = William S. |last9 = Burgett
  |first10    = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
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  |first17    = Christopher |last17 = Waters
  |date       = November 2015
  |title      = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results
  |url        = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V
  |journal    = Icarus
  |volume     = 261
  |pages      = 34–47
  |bibcode    = 2015Icar..261...34V
  |doi        = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
  |arxiv      = 1506.00762
  |access-date= 14 September 2017}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->

== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|3953}}
* {{JPL small body}}

{{Minor planets navigator |3952 Russellmark |number=3953 |3954 Mendelssohn}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Perth}}
003953
Category:Discoveries by Edward L. G. Bowell
Category:Named minor planets
19861106

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [3953 Perth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3953_Perth) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3953_Perth?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.