# 3353 Jarvis

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**3353 Jarvis**, or by its provisional designation, , is a carbonaceous Hungaria [asteroid](/source/Asteroid), [slow rotator](/source/List_of_slow_rotators_(minor_planets)) and suspected tumbler from the inner regions of the [asteroid belt](/source/Asteroid_belt), approximately 10 kilometers in diameter.

It was discovered on 20 December 1981, by American astronomer [Edward Bowell](/source/Edward_Bowell) at Lowell's [Anderson Mesa Station](/source/Anderson_Mesa_Station) near Flagstaff, Arizona, and named after [Gregory Jarvis](/source/Gregory_Jarvis), who died in the [Space Shuttle *Challenger* disaster](/source/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster).[1][3]

## Orbit and classification

Jarvis is a member of the [Hungaria family](/source/Hungaria_family), which form the [innermost](/source/Kirkwood_gap) dense concentration of asteroids in the [Solar System](/source/Solar_System). It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.7–2.0 [AU](/source/Astronomical_unit) once every 2 years and 6 months (929 days). Its orbit has an [eccentricity](/source/Orbital_eccentricity) of 0.08 and an [inclination](/source/Orbital_inclination) of 22[°](/source/Degree_(angle)) with respect to the [ecliptic](/source/Ecliptic).[2] A first [precovery](/source/Precovery) was taken at the [Siding Spring Observatory](/source/Siding_Spring_Observatory) in 1980, extending the body's [observation arc](/source/Observation_arc) by more than one year prior to its official discovery at Anderson Mesa.[3]

## Physical characteristics

### Rotation

In July 2007, a rotational [lightcurve](/source/Lightcurve) of Jarvis was obtained from photometric observations by astronomer [Brian Warner](/source/Brian_D._Warner) at his Palmer Divide Station, Colorado, in collaboration with [Robert Stephens](/source/Robert_D._Stephens), Alan Harris and [Petr Pravec](/source/Petr_Pravec). The re-examined lightcurve analysis gave a [rotation period](/source/Rotation_period) of 202 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.50 in [magnitude](/source/Magnitude_(astronomy)), superseding the original period solution of 40.8 hours ([U=2+/2](/source/LCDB_quality_code)).[12][a]

Due to an improved long-term calibration of the obtained photometric data points, a much longer period of 202 hours has been derived for Jarvis, which is now among the [Top 300 slowest rotators](/source/List_of_slow_rotators_(minor_planets)#Periods_of_200+_hours) known to exist, as most minor planets have spin rates between 2.2 and 24 hours only.[12]

The observations also suggest that Jarvis might be a tumbling asteroid in a non-principal axis rotation, which are typically slow rotators ([T0](/source/LCDB_NPAR_code)).[4]

### Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite [IRAS](/source/IRAS), the Japanese [Akari](/source/Akari_(satellite)) satellite, and NASA's [Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer](/source/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer) with its subsequent [NEOWISE](/source/NEOWISE) mission, Jarvis measures between 9.72 and 12.49 kilometers in diameter, and its surface has an [albedo](/source/Astronomical_albedo) between 0.030 and 0.074.[5][6][7][8][9][10] The *Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link* derives an albedo of 0.0622 and a diameter of 9.70 kilometers based on an [absolute magnitude](/source/Absolute_magnitude) of 13.7.[4]

While most members of the Hungaria family are [E-type asteroids](/source/E-type_asteroid) with extremely bright surfaces and albedos in the order of 0.30, Jarvis has an unusually low albedo,[clarification needed] typically seen for [carbonaceous](/source/C-type_asteroids) asteroids.

## Naming

This [minor planet](/source/Minor_planet) was named in memory of [Gregory Jarvis](/source/Gregory_Jarvis) (1944–1986), American astronaut and payload specialist, who died in the [Space Shuttle Challenger disaster](/source/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster) on 28 January 1986.[1] The asteroids , , , , , and commemorate the other crew members. The approved naming citation was published by the [Minor Planet Center](/source/Minor_Planet_Center) on 26 March 1986 ([M.P.C.](/source/Minor_Planet_Circulars) 10550).[14]

## Notes

1. Warner (2007), [lightcurve plot](https://web.archive.org/web/20170319023418/http://www.minorplanetobserver.com/pdolc/A3353_2006.HTM) of (3353) Jarvis with a rotation period of 202 ± 0.5 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.5 magnitude. Quality code of 2+.

## References

1. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(3353) Jarvis". *Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (3353) Jarvis*. [Springer Berlin Heidelberg](/source/Springer_Berlin_Heidelberg). p. 279. [doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_3354](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_3354). ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.

1. ["JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3353 Jarvis (1981 YC)"](https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2003353) (2016-11-24 last obs.). [Jet Propulsion Laboratory](/source/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory). Retrieved 17 June 2017.

1. ["3353 Jarvis (1981 YC)"](https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=3353). *Minor Planet Center*. Retrieved 18 March 2017.

1. No. 3353. Retrieved 18 March 2017.

1. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). ["IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0"](https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab). *NASA Planetary Data System*. **12**: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. [Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PDSS...12.....T). Retrieved 22 October 2019.

1. Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Dailey, J. et al. (November 2011). ["Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters"](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M). *The Astrophysical Journal*. **741** (2): 20. [arXiv:1109.4096](https://arxiv.org/abs/1109.4096). [Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...68M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ApJ...741...68M). [doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68](https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68). [S2CID 118745497](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:118745497). Retrieved 18 March 2017.

1. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T. et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". *The Astronomical Journal*. **152** (3): 12. [arXiv:1606.08923](https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.08923). [Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AJ....152...63N). [doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63](https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63)

1. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D. et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". *The Astrophysical Journal*. **741** (2): 25. [arXiv:1109.6407](https://arxiv.org/abs/1109.6407). [Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ApJ...741...90M). [doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90](https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90). [S2CID 35447010](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:35447010)

1. Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T. et al. (December 2015). ["NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos"](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N). *The Astrophysical Journal*. **814** (2): 13. [arXiv:1509.02522](https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.02522). [Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApJ...814..117N). [doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117](https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117). [S2CID 9341381](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9341381). Retrieved 18 March 2017.

1. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". *Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan*. **63** (5): 1117–1138. [Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PASJ...63.1117U). [doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117](https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117) ([online](http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=3353), [AcuA catalog p. 153](https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf))

1. Warner, Brian D. (March 2007). ["Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory - June-September 2006"](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2007MPBu...34....8W). *The Minor Planet Bulletin*. **34** (1): 8–10. [Bibcode:2007MPBu...34....8W](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007MPBu...34....8W). [ISSN 1052-8091](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1052-8091). Retrieved 18 March 2017.

1. Warner, Brian D.; Stephens, Robert, D.; Harris, Alan W.; Pravec, Petr (October 2009). ["A Re-examination of the Lightcurves for Seven Hungaria Asteroids"](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2009MPBu...36..176W). *The Minor Planet Bulletin*. **36** (4): 176–179. [Bibcode:2009MPBu...36..176W](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009MPBu...36..176W). [ISSN 1052-8091](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1052-8091). Retrieved 18 March 2017.

1. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce et al. (November 2015). ["Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results"](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V). *Icarus*. **261**: 34–47. [arXiv:1506.00762](https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.00762). [Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Icar..261...34V). [doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007). [S2CID 53493339](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53493339). Retrieved 18 March 2017.

1. ["MPC/MPO/MPS Archive"](https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html). *Minor Planet Center*. Retrieved 18 March 2017.

## External links

- [Lightcurve plot of 3353 Jarvis](https://web.archive.org/web/20170319023418/http://www.minorplanetobserver.com/pdolc/A3353_2006.HTM), Palmer Divide Observatory, [B. D. Warner](/source/Brian_D._Warner) (2006)
- [Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)](http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php), query form ([info](http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html) 16 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine)
- [Dictionary of Minor Planet Names](https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg), Google books
- [Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR](http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html) – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
- [Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)](https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html) – Minor Planet Center

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [3353 Jarvis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3353_Jarvis) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3353_Jarvis?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.