# 2013 Shapla Square protests

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2013 mass protest in Bangladesh

2013 Shapla Square protests Date 5 May 2013 – 6 May 2013 (1 day) Caused by 2013 Bangladesh violence Goals Enactment of blasphemy law; Stopping criticism of Islam. Methods Sit-in occupation of Shapla Square Result Protesters barricading the Shapla Square shot Reports of deaths of protesters in Shapla Square Dozens of protesters killed on the morning of 6 May in Narayanganj and Bagerhat; Diganta Television and Islamic TV shut down. Parties Government of Bangladesh Bangladesh Police Rapid Action Battalion Awami League Bangladesh Chhatra League Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh Casualties Deaths 93 killed (Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh claims) 10-12 (government claims) 53-61 (Independent sources)[5]

The **Shapla Square protests** ([Bengali](/source/Bengali_language): শাপলা চত্বর আন্দোলন, [romanized](/source/Romanization_of_Bengali): *Shapla Chattar Andolon*), also known as **Operation Flash Out** by security forces,[3] was the protests and subsequent shootings of protesters on 5 and 6 May 2013 at [Shapla Square](/source/Shapla_Square), located in the [Motijheel](/source/Motijheel_Thana) district, the main financial area of [Dhaka](/source/Dhaka), [Bangladesh](/source/Bangladesh).[6] The protests were organized by the [Islamist](/source/Islamism) [advocacy group](/source/Advocacy_group), [Hefazat-e Islam](/source/Hefazat-e-Islam_Bangladesh), who were demanding the enactment of a [blasphemy law](/source/Blasphemy_law).[6][7][8] The government, headed by then [Prime Minister](/source/Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh) [Sheikh Hasina](/source/Sheikh_Hasina) responded to the protests by cracking down on the protesters using a combined force drawn from the [Bangladesh Police](/source/Bangladesh_Police), [Rapid Action Battalion](/source/Rapid_Action_Battalion) and paramilitary [Border Guard Bangladesh](/source/Border_Guard_Bangladesh) to drive the protesters out of Shapla Square.[9][10][11][12]

Following the events at [Motijheel](/source/Motijheel_Thana), protests in other parts of the country also broke out, during which 27 people died,[13][14][15] although different sources report casualty numbers ranging from 20 to 61.[13][14][15][16][17][18][*[excessive citations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Bundling_citations)*] [Human Rights Watch](/source/Human_Rights_Watch) and other [human rights organizations](/source/Human_rights_organization) put the total death toll at above 50.[19][4] Initial attempts to dispute the chain of events were thwarted due to the government closure of two television channels, [Diganta Television](/source/Diganta_Television) and [Islamic TV](/source/Islamic_TV), which were live telecasting the operation.[20][21]

## Background

### 13 point demand

In early 2013, [Hefajat-e Islam](/source/Hefazat-e-Islam_Bangladesh) emerged as a [pressure group](/source/Advocacy_group) composed of [madrassah](/source/Madrasa) teachers and students,[22] led by [Shah Ahmad Shafi](/source/Shah_Ahmad_Shafi), rector of [Hathazari Madrasah](/source/Al-Jamiatul_Ahlia_Darul_Ulum_Moinul_Islam).[6] The group became particularly active after allegations surfaced that some protesters in the [Shahbag protests](/source/2013_Shahbag_protests) were involved in the publishing of content offensive to [Muslims](/source/Muslims) on blogs,[23] including the depiction of [Muhammad](/source/Muhammad) as a [pornographic character](/source/Pornographic_Actor).[3] On 6 April 2013, its supporters made a long-march to promote their 13-point charter, which included:[6][24]

- Restoration the phrase "Complete faith and trust in the Almighty Allah" in the nation's constitution;

- Enact a [blasphemy law](/source/Blasphemy_law);[25][11]

- Taking measures for punishment of "atheist [bloggers](/source/Bloggers)" who led the [Shahbagh](/source/Shahbagh) [movement](/source/Social_movement), and against anti-Islam activists who made "derogatory remarks" against the [Muhammad](/source/Muhammad);[26]

- Stopping "infiltration of all 'alien-culture', in the name of individual's freedom of expression, including free mixing of male and female" and candle lighting. Stopping harassment of women, open fornication and adultery, [sexual harassment](/source/Sexual_harassment), all forms of violence against women and an end to the tradition of [dowry](/source/Dowry);

- Make Islamic education mandatory from primary to higher secondary levels, cancelling the women's, and anti-religion, education policy;

- Declaration of [Ahmadiyyas](/source/Ahmadiyyas) as non-Muslim;[4][25]

- Stopping the erection of statues to be popularly venerated, such as by the placement of flowers;[26]

- Lifting government restrictions on access to mosques across the country, including [Baitul Mukarram National Mosque](/source/Baitul_Mukarram_National_Mosque);[26]

- Stopping [Islamophobic](/source/Islamophobia) content in media;[25]

- Stopping activities by NGOs in the [Chittagong Hill Tracts](/source/Chittagong_Hill_Tracts) where Hefazat feared a "foreign conspiracy" to make a separate [Christian state](/source/Christian_state) in that area;[27]

- Stop the [extrajudicial killing](/source/Extrajudicial_killing) of [ulema](/source/Ulema);[4]

- Stopping the harassment of teachers and students of [Qawmi](/source/Qawmi) [madrassas](/source/Madrassas) and [ulema](/source/Ulema);[4]

- Release of all [ulema](/source/Ulema), and [madrassa](/source/Madrassa) students, that had been arrested and the withdrawal of all cases filed against them, compensation for the victims, and bringing the assailants to justice.

The government responded by saying that it had "already met" many of the group's demands. This included the arrest of four bloggers for making derogatory comments against Muhammad.[11]

### Human Rights Watch warning

On 3 May 2013, [Human Rights Watch](/source/Human_Rights_Watch) issued warnings, based on information obtained from diplomatic missions regarding an imminent government crackdown, to security forces against committing excesses in the planned upcoming protests.[20] It also urged the government to appoint an independent commission to investigate the [killing of civilians since February](/source/2013_Bangladesh_violence_after_ICT_verdict), and prosecute those responsible for unlawful killings and use of force.[20]

## Protests

### 5 May

[Hefazat-e-Islam](/source/Hefazat-e-Islam_Bangladesh) organized a protest on 5 May demanding a trial of "atheist bloggers",[28] and new legislation for the punishment for [blasphemy](/source/Blasphemy).[6][7][8] On 5 May 2013, Hefazat activists blockaded all six entrance routes to [Dhaka](/source/Dhaka) from dawn.[3]

At noon, with the permission of [Dhaka Metropolitan Police](/source/Dhaka_Metropolitan_Police) (DMP), activists entered [Dhaka](/source/Dhaka) and started moving towards [Baitul Mukarram Mosque](/source/Baitul_Mukarram) to attend a prayer service.[3] However, activists of Hefazat-e- Islam were attacked en route by armed [Awami League](/source/Awami_League) activists, who were using the [Gulistan Road](/source/Gulistan%2C_Dhaka) to reach Shapla Square.[3][4] In self defense, Hefazat activists counterattacked with bricks.[3] During the clashes, two television journalists were injured, apparently by Hefazat protesters.[3][29] At about 3:00 pm, while Hefazat leaders were delivering speeches, the Secretary General of the Awami League, [Sayed Ashraful Islam](/source/Sayed_Ashraful_Islam), demanded, via press conference, that they leave [Dhaka](/source/Dhaka).[19] The opposition party, [Bangladesh Nationalist Party](/source/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party) (BNP) countered by asserting that Hefazat members had a democratic right to assemble and articulate their cause.[3] During the unrest, Hefazat protesters allegedly attacked the offices of the [Communist Party of Bangladesh](/source/Communist_Party_of_Bangladesh) at [Motijheel](/source/Motijheel).[30][31] Hefazat claimed that their workers were unarmed and had come under attack by the police and [Bangladesh Chhatra League](/source/Bangladesh_Chhatra_League) activists at [Gulistan](/source/Gulistan%2C_Dhaka), [Purana Paltan](/source/Paltan) and [Baitul Mukarram](/source/Baitul_Mukarram), and in front of the Communist Party offices.[20] Hefazat supporters reportedly vandalized at least 50 vehicles and several buildings during their rally.[32] They violently attacked others in front of the [Awami League](/source/Awami_League) headquarters at [Paltan](/source/Paltan), [Dhaka](/source/Dhaka), and allegedly set fire to a number of book stores near the [Baitul Mukarram mosque](/source/Baitul_Mukarram).[33]

### 6 May

By nightfall, many of the demonstrators had left the city, but about 50,000- 70,000 still remained in [Shapla Square](/source/Shapla_Square).[17] After 10 pm, Prime Minister [Sheikh Hasina](/source/Sheikh_Hasina) reportedly gave the initial order to launch an operation at Shapla Square. Acting on that directive, law enforcement agencies cut electricity at 1:45 am and launched a coordinated crackdown, leaving one exit open.[34] Hefazat members held prayers at the square and were addressed by their leaders.[4] At around 2.15 am on 6 May, security forces cut power to the area.[22] At 2:30 a.m. about 5000 members of the security forces launched "**Operation Shapla**", or "**Operation Flash Out**",[3] to remove them.[17] The forces included members of the [Bangladesh Police](/source/Bangladesh_Police), [RAB](/source/Rapid_Action_Battalion), and [BGB](/source/Border_Guards_Bangladesh).[3] At first, they used megaphones, asking the protesters to leave the area peacefully. Then, moving in from three directions via Dainik Bangla, Fakirapool and the [Bangladesh Bank intersection](/source/Bangladesh_Bank_Building), security forces used [tear gas](/source/Tear_gas), [rubber bullets](/source/Rubber_bullet), and [sound grenades](/source/Stun_grenade) to disperse the demonstrators.[3] Most fled the area, but others hid in side streets and buildings, where they were shot down by security forces.[4] Hefazat alleged that the bodies were then picked up by [garbage trucks](/source/Garbage_truck) and dumped outside the city.[4] Ahmad Shafi was escorted away from a madrassa in Dhaka and flown to [Chittagong](/source/Chittagong).[6]The police insisted he was not arrested but was leaving voluntarily.[6]

On the following morning, the protests spread across the country. In [Narayanganj](/source/Narayanganj), students and teachers of a local madrasa held protests and blockaded the [Dhaka-Chittagong highway](/source/Dhaka-Chittagong_Highway). In return, [police](/source/Bangladesh_Police) fired on the protesters, killing 27.[13] In [Hathazari Upazila](/source/Hathazari_Upazila), six people were shot dead by police, while in [Bagerhat](/source/Bagerhat), a Hefazat member died in a clash between protesters and police.[13]

## Casualties

According to government estimates, the number of casualties in this operation was 11, including a few law enforcement members,[19] while the [Daily Star](/source/The_Daily_Star_(Bangladesh)) reported 5 deaths.[20] Opposition parties initially claimed that 2000- 3000 of protesters had been killed,[4] while Hefazat claimed about 1000 deaths.[20] [Human Rights Watch](/source/Human_Rights_Watch) disagreed with Hefazat's claims.[19]

Some victims were bystanders, including a number of shopkeepers near the [Baitul Mukarram](/source/Baitul_Mukarram), while most were Hefazat supporters, including children, who were killed by a blow to the head or gunshot wounds.[4] Doctors at the [Dhaka Medical College Hospital](/source/Dhaka_Medical_College_and_Hospital) confirmed that many of those dead had been shot in the head.[17] One policeman was also attacked in reprisal.[35] According to Human Rights Watch, eyewitnesses saw 25-30 bodies that were confirmed dead.[4] This included British activist and journalist [David Bergman](/source/David_Bergman_(journalist)), who saw 24 bodies.[36][37] *[The Guardian](/source/The_Guardian)* reported 22 confirmed deaths,[17] while an investigation conducted by [Aljazeera](/source/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network) revealed that 14 bodies of "bearded men" with gunshot wounds were buried, after the protests, at Dhaka's state-run cemetery.[38] Human rights group Odhikar reported 61 deaths, but refused to reveal the names of the victims out of security concerns for their families.[3] The [UK Home Office](/source/Home_Office) estimates a total of no fewer than total of 50 deaths.[39] Many individuals, including orphan children, were missing, which may have contributed to the discrepancies in casualties.[3]

Because of the differing views, [Human Rights Watch](/source/Human_Rights_Watch) called for an independent body to investigate the protest deaths.[35][37][40] [Amnesty International](/source/Amnesty_International) demanded that [Bangladesh government](/source/Bangladesh_government) set up an independent and impartial investigation immediately to look into police excesses.[41]

On 19 August 2024, the organization [Odhikar](/source/Odhikar) released a list of 61 individuals who were killed by law enforcement during the protests.[42]

On 6 May 2025, [Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh](/source/Hefazat-e-Islam_Bangladesh) published a list of 93 individuals who were killed during the event.[43]

## Censorship

[Diganta TV](/source/Diganta_Television) and [Islamic TV](/source/Islamic_TV)were broadcasting live footage of the raid on Motijheel when they were forced off-air on the dawn of 6 May.[21] Diganta Television's chief reporter M. Kamruzzaman said that around 25 plain-clothed policemen and an official from the broadcast commission had entered their studios without warning.[6] According to the [Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission](/source/Bangladesh_Telecommunication_Regulatory_Commission) (BTRC), the channels' reporting on raid on [Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh](/source/Hefazat-e-Islam_Bangladesh) contained "exaggerated things, (had) given misinformation and called for breaking the law and attacking the law enforcers."[44][45] Critics have accused the [Sheikh Hasina government](/source/Sheikh_Hasina) of using the Islamist issue to silence dissidents.[44]

## Reactions

### Domestic

#### Government

In response to the massacre allegations, [police](/source/Bangladesh_Police) claimed the operation resulted in “zero casualty” while [14 party leaders](/source/Grand_Alliance_(Bangladesh)) claimed it to be "bloodless."[41] [Bangladeshi foreign minister](/source/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Bangladesh)) [Dipu Moni](/source/Dipu_Moni) downplayed reports of inaccuracy in government figures and added that "most of the people in the country doesn't even think that there was any controversy with the matter."[38] On 19 June, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina rejected the allegations, stating in Parliament

... and that day's event was fully televised, you have seen how they have rubbed red dye onto their bodies and when police came and called them they got up and ran away ... we saw that dead bodies made a run for it! This kind of drama has been made there.[46]

She also blamed the attack on her arch rival [Khaleda Zia](/source/Khaleda_Zia), claiming: “She (Khaleda) is the instigator, she is the issuer of order.”[41] Awami League politicians blamed the [BNP](/source/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party), [Jamaat](/source/Bangladesh_Jamaat-e-Islami) and [ISI](/source/Inter-Services_Intelligence) of backing the protests.[41] Hefazat was also criticized for bringing minors, who were also attacked by law enforcement agencies during the operation,[47][48] to the protests.[49][50]

#### Opposition

The opposition [Bangladesh Nationalist Party](/source/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party) compared the attacks to the [Pakistani crackdown on 25 March](/source/Operation_Searchlight) and [Jalianwala Bagh massacres](/source/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre).[20] BNP leader [M.K. Anwar](/source/M._K._Anwar) called it a "disastrous killing."[41] In response, the [Detective Branch](/source/Detective_Branch) of Bangladesh Police raided the houses of BNP convener [Sadeque Hossain Khoka](/source/Sadeque_Hossain_Khoka) and [Bangladesh Jatiya Party](/source/Bangladesh_Jatiya_Party_%E2%80%93_BJP) chairman [Andaleeve Rahman Partha](/source/Andaleeve_Rahman).[41]

#### Hefazat-e-Islam

While some Hefzat activists vowed "revenge" after the killings,[20] Hefazat *[amir](/source/Emir)* Shah Ahmad Shafi appealed for calm[51] and called a [general strike](/source/General_strike) all over Bangladesh on 12 May 2013.[41]

#### Others

On 10 June 2013, human rights group [Odhikar](/source/Odhikar), published a fact finding report claiming 61 deaths,[3] but refused to provide any names of the victims report, citing security concerns for the families of the victims.[16][52] The Ain O Shalish Kendro demanded impartial investigation "to deal with them (Hefazat-e-Islam) more strategically and responsibly."[53]

### International

[UN Secretary-General](/source/UN_Secretary-General) [Ban Ki-moon](/source/Ban_Ki-moon) voiced concern over the killing of unarmed protesters in Bangladesh and requested the government to sit with religious and political leaders.[20] [US ambassador](/source/United_States_Ambassador_to_Bangladesh), [Dan Mozena](/source/Dan_Mozena), has cautioned that all groups and individuals have rights to protest.[20]

### Lawsuits

The government filed 12 cases against Hefazat-e Islam leaders for murder, vandalism, arson and destruction of properties and other charges.[54] Hefazat denies the charges.[51]

On 27 June 2013, Martin F. McMahon & Associates, a US law firm representing two US-based organisations, Human Rights and Development for Bangladesh and Bangladeshi-Americans in Greater Washington DC,[55] filed cases in the [International Criminal Court](/source/International_Criminal_Court) against 25 Bangladeshi ministers and security officials, including Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina for alleged "torture, forced disappearance, extrajudicial executions and mass killings",[56] [Ahmed Ziauddin](/source/Ahmed_Ziauddin), a [Brussels](/source/Brussels) based Bangladeshi lawyer who was accused of influencing the proceedings of [Bangladesh's International Crimes Tribunal](/source/International_Crimes_Tribunal_(Bangladesh)) at the instruction of Bangladesh government,[57] stated- "I am not sure about the objective of it and I am sure those Washington-based organisations have some political motives. They may have been trying to create political hype since filing a complaint in the ICC does not mean proceedings of a case will start immediately"[58]

On 10 August 2013, police raided the offices of Odhikar and arrested its general secretary, [Adilur Rahman Khan](/source/Adilur_Rahman_Khan). In a press briefing, police officials said they found the list of 61 deaths and released it to the media.[59] In a press statement, the [US Department of State](/source/US_Department_of_State) expressed deep concern over the arrest and demanded his immediate release.[60]

## Trial and legacy

After the [July Uprising](/source/July_Uprising) in 2024, the [International Crimes Tribunal](/source/International_Crimes_Tribunal_(Bangladesh)) set up a probe into the 2013 crackdown and massacre at Shapla Square.[61][62] The probed named the then Prime Minister [Sheikh Hasina](/source/Sheikh_Hasina) as the person who directly ordered the massacre.[34][63] The charges also named [Awami League General Secretary](/source/General_Secretary_of_Awami_League) [Obaidul Quader](/source/Obaidul_Quader), former ministers [Rashed Khan Menon](/source/Rashed_Khan_Menon) and [Hasan Mahmud](/source/Hasan_Mahmud_(politician)), and former [Dhaka South](/source/Dhaka_South_City_Corporation) mayor [Sheikh Fazle Noor Taposh](/source/Sheikh_Fazle_Noor_Taposh), former [advisers to the Prime Minister](/source/Adviser_to_the_Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh) [Salman F Rahman](/source/Salman_F_Rahman) and [Tarique Ahmed Siddique](/source/Tarique_Ahmed_Siddique), former army chief [Aziz Ahmed](/source/Aziz_Ahmed_(general)), and several media executives including [Mozammel Haque Babu](/source/Mozammel_Haque_Babu).[63]

In October 2025, the advisor for [Local Government and Rural Development](/source/Ministry_of_Local_Government%2C_Rural_Development_and_Co-operatives), [Asif Mahmud Sajib Bhuiyan](/source/Asif_Mahmud) provided financial assistance worth Taka 7.7 crore to the families of those killed during the massacre and the [Anti-Modi protests of 2021.](/source/2021_Bangladesh_anti-Modi_protests) He also announced plans to build a memorial at Shapla Square.[64]

## See also

- [2013 Shahbag protests](/source/2013_Shahbag_protests)

- [List of massacres in Bangladesh](/source/List_of_massacres_in_Bangladesh)

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1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-BNS_bears_Hefajat_brunt_15-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-BNS_bears_Hefajat_brunt_15-1) ["BNS bears Hefajat brunt"](http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/bns-bears-hefajat-brunt/). *The Daily Star*. 7 May 2013.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:6_16-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:6_16-1) ["Odhikar's Hefajat list under wraps"](http://archive.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/odhikars-hefajat-list-under-wraps/). *The Daily Star*. 18 August 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2014.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-guardian.co.uk_17-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-guardian.co.uk_17-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-guardian.co.uk_17-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-guardian.co.uk_17-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-guardian.co.uk_17-4) Al-Mahmood, Syed Zain (6 May 2013). ["Bangladesh protest violence leaves more than 30 people dead"](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/06/bangladesh-protest-violence-people-dead). *The Guardian*. Retrieved 20 May 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** ["Clashes over Islam blasphemy law kill 27 in Bangladesh"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130610011034/http://news.msn.com/world/clashes-over-islam-blasphemy-law-kill-27-in-bangladesh). *[MSN](/source/MSN)*. Archived from [the original](https://news.msn.com/world/clashes-over-islam-blasphemy-law-kill-27-in-bangladesh) on 10 June 2013. Retrieved 20 May 2013.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-bdnews-001_19-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-bdnews-001_19-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-bdnews-001_19-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-bdnews-001_19-3) ["HRW rebuts genocide claim"](http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2013/05/11/hrw-rebuts-genocide-claim). *[bdnews24.com](/source/Bdnews24.com)*. 11 May 2013. Retrieved 26 October 2013.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:12_20-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:12_20-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:12_20-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:12_20-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-:12_20-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-:12_20-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-:12_20-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-:12_20-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-:12_20-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-:12_20-9) ["Motijheel massacre spawns unintended consequences"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170118050147/http://www.weeklyholiday.net/homepage/pages/UserHome.aspx?ID=2&date=05%2F10%2F2013). No. 1. Weekly Holiday. Weekly Holiday. 10 May 2013. Archived from [the original](http://www.weeklyholiday.net/homepage/pages/UserHome.aspx?ID=2&date=05/10/2013) on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2017.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:9_21-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:9_21-1) ["Diganta, Islamic TV taken off air"](http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2013/05/06/diganta-islamic-tv-taken-off-air). *bdnews24.com*. 6 May 2013.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:8_22-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:8_22-1) ["Civil & Political Rights In Bangladesh"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160309133627/http://www.achrweb.org/reports/bangla/CCPR-Bangladesh2015-02.pdf) (PDF). *Asian Centre for Human Rights*. **1**: 37. 16 March 2015. Archived from [the original](https://www.achrweb.org/reports/bangla/CCPR-Bangladesh2015-02.pdf) (PDF) on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-:02_23-0)** ["Hefazat-e-Islam explains the 13 points demands"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140819012848/http://bdinn.com/articles/hefazat-e-islam-explains-the-13-points-demands/). *Bangladesh Independent News Network*. Archived from [the original](http://www.bdinn.com/articles/hefazat-e-islam-explains-the-13-points-demands/) on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** ["Ganajagaran vows to resist Hefazat hartal"](http://theindependentbd.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=163598:ganajagaran-vows-to-resist-hefazat-hartal&catid=129:frontpage&Itemid=121). *The Independent*. Dhaka. 7 April 2013. Retrieved 26 October 2013.{{[cite news](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_news)}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service))

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_25-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_25-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:1_25-2) ["The Dhaka Massacre of 6 May 2013: A Briefing"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140728175210/http://deshrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/dhakamassacre_final.pdf) (PDF). *Desh Rights*. **1**: 1. July 2013. Archived from [the original](http://deshrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/dhakamassacre_final.pdf) (PDF) on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2016.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-hefajate-islam_26-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-hefajate-islam_26-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-hefajate-islam_26-2) ["Allama Shafi hopes to end all confusion Hefazat-e-Islam explains the 13 points demands"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150402133517/http://hefajate-islam.org/?p=159). *Hefajat e Islam Bangladesh*. Archived from [the original](http://hefajate-islam.org/?p=159) on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** ["Unknown Islamist group flexes its muscles in Ctg"](http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-127788). *[The Daily Star](/source/The_Daily_Star_(Bangladesh))*. 25 February 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** ["Bangladesh Islamists rally against bloggers"](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-22049408). *BBC News*. 6 April 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** ["2 scribes beaten up by Hifazat"](http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2013/05/05/2-scribes-beaten-up-by-hifazat). *bdnews24.com*. 5 May 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** ["Hifazat men burn CPB office"](http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2013/05/05/hifazat-men-burn-cpb-office). *[bdnews24.com](/source/Bdnews24.com)*. 5 May 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** ["How could they do it?"](http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/how-could-they-do-it/). *The Daily Star*. 7 May 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** ["Hifazat sets vehicles on fire"](http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2013/05/05/hifazat-sets-vehicles-on-fire). *bdnews24.com*. 5 May 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** ["Hifazat burns Quran, Hadith in blind rage"](http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2013/05/06/hifazat-burns-quran-hadith-in-blind-rage). *bdnews24.com*. 6 May 2013.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:16_34-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:16_34-1) ["'Hasina ordered Shapla Chattar massacre,' reveals ICT Investigation"](https://observerbd.com/news/567626). *observerbd.com* (in Bengali). Retrieved 24 April 2026.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:2_35-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:2_35-1) ["Bangladesh: Independent Body Should Investigate Protest Deaths"](https://www.hrw.org/news/2013/05/10/bangladesh-independent-body-should-investigate-protest-deaths). *[Human Rights Watch](/source/Human_Rights_Watch)*. New York. 11 May 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-:5_36-0)** ["'Who said this would be investigated?' Bangladesh and the May 2013 Massacre"](https://ceasefiremagazine.co.uk/who-massacre-investigated-bangladesh-2013-massacre/). Ceasefire Magazine. 5 May 2014. Retrieved 26 December 2016.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:3_37-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:3_37-1) Bergman, David; Nelson, Dean (6 May 2013). ["36 killed in Dhaka as Islamic militants clash with police"](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/bangladesh/10039795/36-killed-in-Dhaka-as-Islamic-militants-clash-with-police.html). *The Telegraph*. London. Retrieved 21 May 2013.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:4_38-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:4_38-1) ["Video suggests higher Bangladesh protest toll"](http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2013/05/2013514143842666992.html). [Aljazeera](/source/Al_Jazeera_English). [Aljazeera](/source/Al_Jazeera_English). 14 May 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-:11_39-0)** ["Country Information and Guidance Bangladesh: Opposition to the government"](https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/565489/CIG-BGD-Political-opponents-v1-February-2015.pdf) (PDF). *UK Home Office*: 11. February 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-40)** ["Clashes over Bangladesh protest leave 27 dead"](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-22423815). *BBC News*. Retrieved 21 May 2013.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:14_41-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:14_41-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:14_41-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:14_41-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-:14_41-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-:14_41-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-:14_41-6) ["Amnesty wants neutral probe into Motijheel crackdown"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170118050835/http://www.weeklyholiday.net/homepage/pages/UserHome.aspx?ID=3&date=05%2F10%2F2013#Tid=4870). No. 1. Weekly Holiday. Weekly Holiday. 10 May 2013. Archived from [the original](http://www.weeklyholiday.net/homepage/pages/UserHome.aspx?ID=3&date=05/10/2013#Tid=4870) on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-42)** ["Hefazat rally in Shapla Chattar: Odhikar publishes list of killed people"](https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/355345/hefazat-rally-in-shapla-chattar-odhikar-publishes). *[Dhaka Tribune](/source/Dhaka_Tribune)*. 19 August 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-43)** ["2013 Shapla Chattar massacre: Hefazat publishes list of 93 victims"](https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/380404/hefazat-publishes-list-of-93-allegedly-killed-at). *Dhaka Tribune*. Retrieved 6 May 2025.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:10_44-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:10_44-1) Salam, Maria; Karim, Mohosinul; Islam, Muhammad Zahidul (6 May 2013). ["Govt closes 2 TV networks"](http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2013/may/06/govt-closes-2-tv-networks). *Dhaka Tribune*. Retrieved 12 December 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-45)** ["Diganta, Islamic TV off air"](http://archive.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/diganta-islamic-tv-off-air/). *The Daily Star*. 7 May 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-46)** Parliamentary speech of Sheikh Hasina 19 June 2013 "[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uoucAYQlQIc](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uoucAYQlQIc)"

1. **[^](#cite_ref-47)** Chowdhury, Kamran Reza (23 May 2013). ["Lawmakers allergic to word 'Hefazat'"](https://www.dhakatribune.com/world/23/sports-reflect-deeper-divide-in-ethnic-afghanistan). *Dhaka Tribune*. Retrieved 29 May 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-48)** ["Noted personalities express concern"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140529221919/http://www.daily-sun.com/details_yes_15-05-2013_Children-in-violent-politics_497_2_5_1_0.html). *The Daily Sun*. Dhaka. Archived from [the original](http://www.daily-sun.com/details_yes_15-05-2013_Children-in-violent-politics_497_2_5_1_0.html) on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014. May 5 Shapla Chattar grand rally of Hefazat-e-Islam. In TV footages and video clips posted on different social media showed, Hefazat brought a large number of Quami Madrasah students who mostly are below 18 years to the grand rally and siege programmes at six entry points of the capital. After crackdown by the joint forces of BGB, RAB and Police, many panic-stricken children were seen coming out from the pandemonium of the Motijheel Shapla Chattar. Later some participant children told media that they have ever come to the capital and joined the Hefazat programmes on direction of their teachers without knowing details about the programmes.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Child-123_49-0)** Raju, Mohammed Norul Alam (1 December 2013). ["Keep the children out of it"](http://www.dhakatribune.com/op-ed/2013/dec/01/keep-children-out-it). *[Dhaka Tribune](/source/Dhaka_Tribune)*. Retrieved 29 May 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-50)** Islam, Zyma (11 January 2014). ["Child Act-2013: A milestone not without shortcomings"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140414193931/http://childrights.thedailystar.net/2014/01/child-act-2013-a-milestone-not-without-shortcomings/). *Promoting Child Rights*. The Daily Star. Archived from [the original](http://childrights.thedailystar.net/2014/01/child-act-2013-a-milestone-not-without-shortcomings/) on 14 April 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:15_51-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:15_51-1) ["Hefazat denies burning Quran allegations"](https://web.archive.org/web/20161226215050/http://www.clickittefaq.com/hefazat-denies-burning-quran-allegations/). Ittefaq. Ittefaq. 10 May 2013. Archived from [the original](http://www.clickittefaq.com/hefazat-denies-burning-quran-allegations/) on 26 December 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-52)** ["Odhikar Report on Hefajat Deaths: Questions aplenty"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140521124207/http://news.priyo.com/2013/09/01/odhikar-report-hefajat-deaths-questions-aplenty-84549.html). *Priyo News*. 1 September 2013. Archived from [the original](http://news.priyo.com/2013/09/01/odhikar-report-hefajat-deaths-questions-aplenty-84549.html) on 21 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-53)** ["ASK Concern of Ongoing Political clashes and Violence Observed on 5 May 2013"](http://www.askbd.org/web/?p=2634). *Ain O Shalish Kendro*. Retrieved 26 December 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-54)** ["12 cases against Hifazat leaders"](http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2013/05/06/12-cases-against-hifazat-leaders). *bdnews24.com*. 6 May 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-55)** ["Case filed against Sheikh Hasina, 25 others in ICC"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130701082629/http://www.english.rtnn.net/?%2Fnewsdetail%2Fdetail%2F1%2F1%2F54449). *Real-time News Network*. Archived from [the original](http://www.english.rtnn.net/?/newsdetail/detail/1/1/54449) on 1 July 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-56)** ["Complaint filed at ICC against PM, 24 others"](http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/complaint-filed-at-icc-against-pm-24-others/). *The Daily Star*. 30 June 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-57)** ["The trial of the birth of a nation"](https://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21568349-week-chairman-bangladeshs-international-crimes-tribunal-resigned-we-explain). *[The Economist](/source/The_Economist)*. 15 December 2012. Retrieved 10 April 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-58)** ["Complaint lodged at ICC accusing Hasina, 24 others"](http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2013/jun/29/complaint-lodged-icc-accusing-hasina-24-others). *Dhaka Tribune*. 29 June 2013. Retrieved 24 May 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-59)** ["A list riddled with holes"](http://archive.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/odhikar-list-is-full-of-riddles/). *The Daily Star*. 1 September 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-60)** Marie Harf (12 August 2013). ["Detention of Bangladeshi Human Rights Activist Adilur Rahman Khan"](https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/08/213064.htm). *US Department of State*. Retrieved 22 August 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-61)** ["Hasina sued in 2013 Shapla Chattar 'mass murder' case"](https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/355139/hasina-sued-in-2013-shapla-chattar-%E2%80%98mass-murder%E2%80%99). *Dhaka Tribune*. 18 August 2024. Retrieved 18 August 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-62)** ["Hasina, Shahriar Kabir, Imran H Sarker accused of 'genocide' at Shapla Chattar in 2013"](https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/355427/hasina-shahriar-kabir-imran-h-sarker-accused-of). *Dhaka Tribune*. 20 August 2024. Retrieved 20 August 2024.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:17_63-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:17_63-1) ["2013 Shapla Chattar killings: Tribunal orders probe report within 2 months against Hasina, 20 others"](https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/court/2013-shapla-chattar-killings-ict-orders-probe-report-within-2-months-against-hasina). *The Business Standard*. 5 April 2026. Retrieved 24 April 2026.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-64)** ["Tk 7.7cr aid for Shapla, 2021 anti-Modi martyrs' families | News"](https://www.bssnews.net/news/322650). *BSS*. Retrieved 24 April 2026.

## External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to ***[2013 Shapla Square protests](https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/2013_Shapla_Square_protests)***.

- [Full report](https://web.archive.org/web/20140530195640/http://1dgy051vgyxh41o8cj16kk7s19f2.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Fact-finding_Hefazate-Islam_English.pdf) by [Odhikar](/source/Odhikar)

- [Investigative report on Operation Shapla chattar (English sub titled)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tW5oO0qs8x4) by [Independent TV](/source/Independent_Television_(Bangladesh))

[23°43′35″N 90°25′18″E / 23.7265°N 90.4217°E / 23.7265; 90.4217](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=2013_Shapla_Square_protests&params=23.7265_N_90.4217_E_source:wikidata)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [2013 Shapla Square protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Shapla_Square_protests) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Shapla_Square_protests?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.