# 2009

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2009 was designated as the [International Year of Astronomy](/source/International_Year_of_Astronomy)[1][2] by the [United Nations](/source/United_Nations) to coincide with the 400th anniversary of [Galileo Galilei](/source/Galileo_Galilei)'s first known astronomical studies with a telescope and the publication of [Astronomia Nova](/source/Astronomia_Nova) by [Johannes Kepler](/source/Johannes_Kepler).[3] It was also declared as the [International Year of Natural Fibres](/source/International_Year_of_Natural_Fibres)[4] by the [United Nations General Assembly](/source/United_Nations_General_Assembly), as well as the International Year of Reconciliation and the Year of the Gorilla (UNEP and UNESCO).[5]

## Population

The [world population](/source/World_population) on January 1, 2009, was estimated to be 6.888 billion people and increased to 6.977 billion people by January 1, 2010.[6] An estimated 143.0 million births and 54.1 million deaths took place in 2009.[6] The average global [life expectancy](/source/Life_expectancy) was 69.7 years, an increase of 0.4 years from 2008.[6] The estimated number of global refugees decreased from 10.5 million to 10.4 million by the end of the year.[7] The largest sources of refugees were Afghanistan with 2.9 million people and Iraq with 1.8 million people.[8]

## Conflicts

There were 36 conflicts in 2009 that resulted in at least 25 fatalities, six of which resulted in at least 1,000 fatalities: the [Taliban insurgency](/source/Taliban_insurgency) in Afghanistan, the [Iraqi insurgency](/source/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)), [the insurgency](/source/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa) by the [Pakistani Taliban](/source/Pakistani_Taliban), the conflict against the [FDLR](/source/Democratic_Forces_for_the_Liberation_of_Rwanda) in Rwanda, [Eelam War IV](/source/Eelam_War_IV) in Sri Lanka, and the [Somali Civil War](/source/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)).[9] All conflicts in 2009 were intrastate conflicts that involved [violent non-state actors](/source/Violent_non-state_actor).[10]

Several new conflicts began against rebel groups in 2009. The [CPJP](/source/Convention_of_Patriots_for_Justice_and_Peace) reignited conflict in the [Central African Bush War](/source/Central_African_Bush_War), [a faction](/source/National_Democratic_Front_of_Boroland_(D.R._Nabla_faction)) of the [NDFB](/source/National_Democratic_Front_of_Boroland) broke a 2004 ceasefire with India in the [Bodoland region](/source/Bodoland_Territorial_Region), and [a conflict](/source/2009_Kokang_incident) broke out between Myanmar and the [MNDAA](/source/Myanmar_National_Democratic_Alliance_Army) when the government forced the MNDAA out of the [Kokang](/source/Kokang_Self-Administered_Zone). [Boko Haram](/source/Boko_Haram) launched [an insurgency](/source/Boko_Haram_insurgency) in Nigeria, which was paused when its leader [Mohammed Yusuf](/source/Mohammed_Yusuf_(Boko_Haram)) was killed.[11]

Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) resumed conflict against the FDLR when they launched [Operation Umoja Wetu](/source/Operation_Umoja_Wetu) in January. The DRC and [a United Nations mission](/source/MONUSCO) launched [Operation Kimia II](/source/Operation_Kimia_II) against the FDLR in March after the group regained its strength. Conflict also resumed in Angola against the [Forças Armadas de Cabinda](/source/For%C3%A7as_Armadas_de_Cabinda), and [al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula](/source/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula) formed in Yemen to expand [al-Qaeda's insurgency](/source/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen) in the country.[12] Bombings continued during the Iraqi insurgency, including [a series of attacks](/source/December_2009_Baghdad_bombings) in Baghdad that killed over 100 people in December. The *[Maersk Alabama](/source/Maersk_Alabama)* [was hijacked](/source/Maersk_Alabama_hijacking) by [Somali pirates](/source/Somali_pirates) in April, prompting a rescue operation by the United States Navy.[13]

The [Ihussi Accord](/source/Ihussi_Accord) ended conflict between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the [CNDP](/source/National_Congress_for_the_Defence_of_the_People) within the broader [Kivu conflict](/source/Kivu_conflict). This was the only peace agreement reached in 2009.[10] Eelam War IV, the final stage in the [Sri Lankan civil war](/source/Sri_Lankan_civil_war), ended in May when the Sri Lankan government defeated the [Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam](/source/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam). It remained the deadliest conflict of the year.[14]

## Culture

Main articles: [2009 in film](/source/2009_in_film) and [2009 in music](/source/2009_in_music)

The highest-grossing film globally in 2009 was *[Avatar](/source/Avatar_(2009_film))*, followed by *[Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince](/source/Harry_Potter_and_the_Half-Blood_Prince_(film))* and *[Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs](/source/Ice_Age:_Dawn_of_the_Dinosaurs)*.[15] The best-selling album globally in 2009 was *[I Dreamed a Dream](/source/I_Dreamed_a_Dream_(album))* by [Susan Boyle](/source/Susan_Boyle), followed by *[The E.N.D.](/source/The_E.N.D.)* by the [Black Eyed Peas](/source/Black_Eyed_Peas) and *[This Is It](/source/Michael_Jackson's_This_Is_It_(album))* by [Michael Jackson](/source/Michael_Jackson).[16]

## Economy

The global economy began a slow recovery from [its economic recession](/source/Great_Recession) in late 2009 following [a severe economic crisis](/source/2008_financial_crisis) the previous year.[17] [Gross world product](/source/Gross_world_product) shrank by 2.2% in 2009, which marked its first contraction since [World War II](/source/World_War_II).[17] Unemployment increased and inflation decreased throughout the world.[18]

## Environment and weather

Main articles: [2009 in the environment](/source/2009_in_the_environment) and [Weather of 2009](/source/Weather_of_2009)

The year 2009 tied with [2006](/source/2006) as the fifth hottest year on record. It began in a [La Niña](/source/La_Ni%C3%B1a) period which ran until April, and [was followed by El Niño](/source/2009%E2%80%9310_El_Ni%C3%B1o_event) from June through the end of the year. In January, [a heat wave](/source/2009_southeastern_Australia_heat_wave) in southern Australia caused record-breaking temperatures while extreme cold occurred in northern and eastern Europe. A cold wave took place in Canada and the midwestern United States in July.[19]

Central Europe [faced severe floods](/source/2009_European_floods) following heavy rain in June,[19] while major floods occurred [in Turkey](/source/2009_Turkish_flash_floods) in September[13] [in Italy](/source/2009_Messina_floods_and_mudslides) and India in October.[19] [A magnitude 6.3 earthquake](/source/2009_L'Aquila_earthquake) in Italy killed approximately 300 people in April, and [a magnitude 7.5 earthquake](/source/2009_Sumatra_earthquakes) in Indonesia killed approximately 1,100 people in September.[20] An earthquake in the Pacific caused [a major tsunami](/source/2009_Samoa_earthquake_and_tsunami) that struck American Samoa, Samoa, and Tonga.[13]

The [2009 Atlantic hurricane season](/source/2009_Atlantic_hurricane_season) had nine [named storms](/source/Named_storm), including three hurricanes: [Hurricane Bill](/source/Hurricane_Bill_(2009)), [Hurricane Fred](/source/Hurricane_Fred_(2009)), and [Hurricane Ida](/source/Hurricane_Ida_(2009)).[21] This was the smallest number of named storms since the [1997 Atlantic hurricane season](/source/1997_Atlantic_hurricane_season).[22] The [2009 Pacific typhoon season](/source/2009_Pacific_typhoon_season) was slightly below average in intensity overall, but it was the most destructive season for the Philippines in decades. The season had 25 named storms, including 14 typhoons.[23] The most intense were [Typhoon Nida](/source/Typhoon_Nida_(2009)), [Typhoon Melor](/source/Typhoon_Melor_(2009)), [Typhoon Choi-wan](/source/Typhoon_Choi-wan_(2009)), [Typhoon Lupit](/source/Typhoon_Lupit_(2009)), and [Typhoon Parma](/source/Typhoon_Parma).[24]

## Health

[A swine flu pandemic](/source/2009_swine_flu_pandemic) caused by the [H1N1 virus](/source/H1N1_virus) was the primary public health concern of 2009.[25]

## Politics and law

Main article: [2009 in politics](/source/2009_in_politics)

The [2009 G20 summit](/source/2009_G20_London_summit) took place in London and was [met with major protests](/source/2009_G20_London_summit_protests).[13]

American journalists [Euna Lee](/source/Euna_Lee) and [Laura Ling](/source/Laura_Ling) were arrested by North Korea in March after being accused of crossing the [China–North Korea border](/source/China%E2%80%93North_Korea_border), and they were released in August.[13]

## Events

### January

- [January 1](/source/January_1) - [Japan](/source/Japan), [Mexico](/source/Mexico), [Turkey](/source/Turkey) and [Uganda](/source/Uganda) [assume their seats](/source/United_Nations_Security_Council_election,_2008) on the [United Nations Security Council](/source/United_Nations_Security_Council). - [Asunción](/source/Asunci%C3%B3n), the capital of [Paraguay](/source/Paraguay), becomes the [American Capital of Culture](/source/American_Capital_of_Culture) and [Vilnius](/source/Vilnius) and [Linz](/source/Linz) become the [European Capitals of Culture](/source/European_Capital_of_Culture). - [Slovakia](/source/Slovakia) adopts the [euro](/source/Euro) as its national currency, replacing the [Slovak koruna](/source/Slovak_koruna).[26] - A [Bay Area Rapid Transit](/source/Bay_Area_Rapid_Transit) [police](/source/Bay_Area_Rapid_Transit_Police_Department) officer [shoots and kills Oscar Grant](/source/Killing_of_Oscar_Grant), an unarmed black man, at [Fruitvale station](/source/Fruitvale_station) in Oakland, United States. The event becomes one of the inciting incidents for the global [Black Lives Matter](/source/Black_Lives_Matter) movement.[27]
- [January 3](/source/January_3) – The first ("Genesis") block of the [blockchain](/source/Blockchain) of the [cryptocurrency](/source/Cryptocurrency) and decentralized payment system [Bitcoin](/source/Bitcoin) is established by the creator of the system, known as [Satoshi Nakamoto](/source/Satoshi_Nakamoto).[28]
- [January 15](/source/January_15) – [US Airways Flight 1549](/source/US_Airways_Flight_1549) ditches in the [Hudson River](/source/Hudson_River) in an accident that becomes known as the "Miracle on the Hudson", as all 155 people on board are rescued.
- [January 18](/source/January_18) – [Gaza War](/source/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%9309)): Hamas announces that they will accept the Israel Defense Forces offer of a ceasefire, ending the conflict.
- [January 20](/source/January_20) – [Barack Obama](/source/Barack_Obama) is sworn in as the 44th [President of the United States](/source/President_of_the_United_States), becoming the first [African-American](/source/African-American) to hold the office.[29]
- [January 21](/source/January_21) - Israel withdraws from the [Gaza Strip](/source/Gaza_Strip), officially ending its [three-week war](/source/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%9309)) with [Hamas](/source/Hamas).[30] However, intermittent air strikes by both sides continue in the following weeks.[31][32][33] - [Virginia Tech](/source/Virginia_Tech) student Zhu Haiyang [decapitates](/source/Murder_of_Yang_Xin) Yang Xin in the first campus murder since the [Virginia Tech shooting](/source/Virginia_Tech_shooting) in 2007.[34]
- [January 26](/source/January_26) - The first trial at the [International Criminal Court](/source/International_Criminal_Court) opens. Former [Union of Congolese Patriots](/source/Union_of_Congolese_Patriots) leader [Thomas Lubanga Dyilo](/source/Thomas_Lubanga_Dyilo) is accused of training [child soldiers](/source/Child_soldier) to [kill, pillage and rape](/source/Three_Alls_Policy).[35] - The [Icelandic](/source/Iceland) government and banking system [collapse](/source/2008%E2%80%9311_Icelandic_financial_crisis). [Prime Minister](/source/Prime_Minister_of_Iceland) [Geir Haarde](/source/Geir_Haarde) immediately resigns.[36] - An [annular solar eclipse](/source/Solar_eclipse_of_January_26,_2009) takes place over the Indian Ocean, the 50th solar eclipse of [Saros cycle 131](/source/Solar_Saros_131).
- [January 28](/source/January_28) – [WikiLeaks](/source/WikiLeaks) releases 86 intercepted telephone recordings of [politicians](/source/Romulo_Leon) and businessmen involved in the [2008 Peru oil scandal](/source/2008_Peru_oil_scandal).[37]
- [January 31](/source/January_31) – [Tiféret Israel Synagogue attack](/source/Tif%C3%A9ret_Israel_Synagogue_attack), profanation of the oldest synagogue in [Caracas](/source/Caracas), [Venezuela](/source/Venezuela).[38]

### February

- [February 1](/source/February_1) - [Patriarch Kirill of Moscow](/source/Patriarch_Kirill_of_Moscow) is enthroned as the [Patriarch](/source/Patriarch_of_Moscow) of the [Russian Orthodox Church](/source/Russian_Orthodox_Church) following the death of his predecessor, [Alexy II](/source/Patriarch_Alexy_II_of_Moscow) in 2008.[39] - [Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir](/source/J%C3%B3hanna_Sigur%C3%B0ard%C3%B3ttir) is appointed as the new [Prime Minister of Iceland](/source/Prime_Minister_of_Iceland), becoming the world's first openly [lesbian](/source/Lesbian) [head of government](/source/Head_of_government).[40]
- [February 7](/source/February_7) – [Bushfires in Victoria](/source/Black_Saturday_bushfires) leave 173 dead in the worst natural disaster in Australia's history.[41]
- [February 12](/source/February_12) – [Colgan Air Flight 3407](/source/Colgan_Air_Flight_3407) crashes in [Clarence Center, New York](/source/Clarence_Center,_New_York) while on final approach to [Buffalo Niagara International Airport](/source/Buffalo_Niagara_International_Airport), killing all 49 people on board the aircraft as well as one person on the ground.
- [February 13](/source/February_13) – At 23:31:30 UTC, the decimal representation of Unix time reached 1234567890 seconds. Celebrations were held around the world, among various technical subcultures, to celebrate the 1234567890th second.[42]
- [February 25](/source/February_25) – Soldiers of [Bangladeshi](/source/Bangladesh) border security force [Bangladesh Rifles](/source/Bangladesh_Rifles) (BDR) [mutiny](/source/Bangladesh_Rifles_revolt) and take the commanding army officers and their families hostages at the force's headquarters in [Pilkhana](/source/Pilkhana,_Bangladesh), [Dhaka](/source/Dhaka). 57 army officers are killed along with 17 civilians by the mutineers.
- [February 26](/source/February_26) – Former [Serbian president](/source/President_of_Serbia) [Milan Milutinović](/source/Milan_Milutinovi%C4%87) is acquitted by the [International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia](/source/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia) regarding [war crimes](/source/War_crime) during the [Kosovo War](/source/Kosovo_War).[43]

### March

- [March 2](/source/March_2) – The President of [Guinea-Bissau](/source/Guinea-Bissau), [João Bernardo Vieira](/source/Jo%C3%A3o_Bernardo_Vieira), is assassinated during an armed attack on his residence in [Bissau](/source/Bissau).[44]
- [March 4](/source/March_4) – The [International Criminal Court](/source/International_Criminal_Court) issues an arrest warrant for [Sudanese President](/source/President_of_Sudan) [Omar al-Bashir](/source/Omar_al-Bashir) for [war crimes](/source/War_crime) and [crimes against humanity](/source/Crimes_against_humanity) in [Darfur](/source/Darfur). al-Bashir is the first sitting [head of state](/source/Head_of_state) to be indicted by the ICC since its establishment in 2002.[45]
- [March 5](/source/March_5) - [Michael Jackson](/source/Michael_Jackson) announces his [This Is It](/source/This_Is_It_(concert_residency)) [concert residency](/source/Concert_residency) in [London, England](/source/London,_England). However, a [fortnight](/source/Fortnight) before the concerts were supposed to begin, [Jackson died](/source/Death_of_Michael_Jackson) at the age of 50 from acute propofol intoxication.
- [March 7](/source/March_7) – [NASA](/source/NASA)'s [Kepler Mission](/source/Kepler_Mission), a space [photometer](/source/Photometer) that will search for [extrasolar planets](/source/Extrasolar_planets) in the [Milky Way](/source/Milky_Way) galaxy, is launched from [Cape Canaveral Air Force Station](/source/Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station), [Florida](/source/Florida), USA.
- [March 17](/source/March_17) – The President of [Madagascar](/source/Madagascar), [Marc Ravalomanana](/source/Marc_Ravalomanana), is overthrown in a [coup d'état](/source/2009_Malagasy_political_crisis), following a month of unrest in [Antananarivo](/source/Antananarivo).[46]
- [March 23](/source/March_23) – A [McDonnell Douglas MD-11](/source/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-11) operated by [FedEx suffers a bounced landing at Narita international airport resulting in the loss of 2 lives](/source/FedEx_Express_Flight_80).
- [March 31](/source/March_31) – [Rachel Crandall Crocker](/source/Rachel_Crandall_Crocker) founds the [International Transgender Day of Visibility](/source/International_Transgender_Day_of_Visibility).

### April

- [April 1](/source/April_1) – [Albania](/source/Albania) and [Croatia](/source/Croatia) join [NATO](/source/NATO).[47]
- [April 5](/source/April_5) – [North Korea](/source/North_Korea) launches a rocket from its [Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground](/source/Tonghae_Satellite_Launching_Ground), which it says is carrying the [Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2](/source/Kwangmy%C5%8Fngs%C5%8Fng-2) [satellite](/source/Satellite), prompting an emergency meeting of the [United Nations Security Council](/source/United_Nations_Security_Council).[48]
- [April 6](/source/April_6) – [A 6.3 magnitude earthquake strikes](/source/2009_L'Aquila_earthquake) near [L'Aquila](/source/L'Aquila), Italy, killing 308 and injuring more than 1,500.[49]
- [April 7](/source/April_7) – [April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests](/source/April_2009_Moldovan_parliamentary_election_protests): four people died and 270 were injured.
- [April 8](/source/April_8) - [April 12](/source/April_12) – [Maersk Alabama Hijacking](/source/Maersk_Alabama_hijacking) occurs, the ship being taken over by Somalian pirates off the coast of Somalia.[50]
- [April 21](/source/April_21) – [UNESCO](/source/UNESCO) launches The [World Digital Library](/source/World_Digital_Library).[51]

### May

- [May 11](/source/May_11)–[24](/source/May_24) – [Space Shuttle Atlantis](/source/Space_Shuttle_Atlantis) is launched to refurbish the [Hubble Space Telescope](/source/Hubble_Space_Telescope) on May 11, landing at [Edwards Air Force Base](/source/Edwards_Air_Force_Base) May 24.[52]
- [May 12](/source/May_12)–[16](/source/May_16) – The [Eurovision Song Contest 2009](/source/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2009) takes place in [Moscow](/source/Moscow), [Russia](/source/Russia), and is won by [Norwegian](/source/Norway_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest) entrant [Alexander Rybak](/source/Alexander_Rybak) with the song "[Fairytale](/source/Fairytale_(Alexander_Rybak_song))".
- [May 15](/source/May_15) - [France–Pakistan Atomic Energy Framework](/source/France%E2%80%93Pakistan_Atomic_Energy_Framework) bilateral energy treaty is signed.[53] - The album [21st Century Breakdown](/source/21st_Century_Breakdown) is released by American rock band [Green Day](/source/Green_Day), which sold over 5 million copies.
- [May 17](/source/May_17) – Video game *[Minecraft](/source/Minecraft)*, the [best-selling video game of all time](/source/List_of_best-selling_video_games), is first released to the public.
- [May 18](/source/May_18) – Following more than 25 years of fighting, the [Sri Lankan Civil War](/source/Sri_Lankan_civil_war) ends with the total military defeat of the [Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam](/source/Liberation_Tigers_of_Tamil_Eelam).[54]
- [May 19](/source/May_19) – German football club [RB Leipzig](/source/RB_Leipzig) is founded by [Red Bull](/source/Red_Bull).[55]
- [May 25](/source/May_25) – [North Korea](/source/North_Korea) announces that it has conducted a second successful [nuclear test](/source/2009_North_Korean_nuclear_test) in [North Hamgyong Province](/source/North_Hamgyong_Province). The [United Nations Security Council](/source/United_Nations_Security_Council) condemns the reported test.[56]
- [May 27](/source/May_27) - [At&t Stadium](/source/AT%26T_Stadium) opens to the public home of the NFL [Dallas Cowboys](/source/Dallas_Cowboys)

### June

"June 2009" redirects here. For the album by Toro Y Moi, see [June 2009 (album)](/source/June_2009_(album)).

- [June 1](/source/June_1) – [Air France Flight 447](/source/Air_France_Flight_447), en route from [Rio de Janeiro](/source/Rio_de_Janeiro), Brazil, to Paris, crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, killing all 228 on board.
- [June 11](/source/June_11) – The [outbreak](/source/2009_flu_pandemic) of the [H1N1 influenza strain](/source/Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H1N1), commonly referred to as "swine flu", is deemed a global [pandemic](/source/Pandemic).[57]
- [June 12](/source/June_12) – [Analog television](/source/Analog_television) ends in the United States as part of the [digital television transition](/source/Digital_television_transition).
- [June 13](/source/June_13) – [Mass protests erupt across Iran](/source/2009_Iranian_presidential_election_protests) following a [disputed presidential election](/source/Iranian_presidential_election,_2009) in which [Mahmoud Ahmadinejad](/source/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad) was reelected president, the largest demonstrations in the country since the [Iranian Revolution](/source/Iranian_Revolution).[58]
- [June 18](/source/June_18) – [NASA](/source/NASA) launches the [Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter](/source/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter) / [LCROSS](/source/LCROSS) probes to the Moon, the first American lunar mission since [Lunar Prospector](/source/Lunar_Prospector) in [1998](/source/1998).[59]
- [June 19](/source/June_19) – [War in Afghanistan](/source/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)): British forces began **[Operation Panther's Claw](/source/Operation_Panther's_Claw)**, in which more than 350 troops made an aerial assault on [Taliban](/source/Taliban) positions in southern Afghanistan.
- [June 21](/source/June_21) – [Greenland](/source/Greenland) gains self-rule.
- [June 22](/source/June_22) – [June 2009 Washington Metro train collision](/source/June_2009_Washington_Metro_train_collision), 9 people were killed and 80 people were injured when a [Red Line (Washington Metro)](/source/Red_Line_(Washington_Metro)) train rear ended another train between Takoma and Fort Totten stations, this resulted in the worst train crash in DC Metro's history.[60]
- [June 25](/source/June_25) – The [death](/source/Death_of_Michael_Jackson) of American pop star [Michael Jackson](/source/Michael_Jackson) triggers an outpouring of worldwide grief. Online, reactions to the event cripple several major websites and services, as the abundance of people accessing the [web addresses](/source/Uniform_resource_locator) pushes [internet traffic](/source/Internet_traffic) to unprecedented and historic levels.[61]
- [June 28](/source/June_28) – The [Military of Honduras](/source/Military_of_Honduras) ousts [Honduran President](/source/President_of_Honduras) [Manuel Zelaya](/source/Manuel_Zelaya) in a [*coup d'état*](/source/2009_Honduran_coup_d'%C3%A9tat),[62] condemned by [OAS](/source/Organization_of_American_States).[63]
- [June 29](/source/June_29) – [Viareggio train derailment](/source/Viareggio_train_derailment) occurred when a freight train carrying [liquified petroleum gas](/source/Liquified_petroleum_gas) derailed at [Viareggio railway station](/source/Viareggio_railway_station) in [Lucca](/source/Lucca), [Italy](/source/Italy). The accident killed 32 people and injured 26 people.[64]
- [June 30](/source/June_30) – [Yemenia Flight 626](/source/Yemenia_Flight_626) crashes off the coast of [Moroni, Comoros](/source/Moroni,_Comoros), killing all but [one](/source/Bahia_Bakari) of the 153 passengers and crew.[65]

### July

- [July 4](/source/July_4) – [Steve McNair](/source/Steve_McNair), former NFL quarterback for the [Tennessee Titans](/source/Tennessee_Titans), is shot and killed by his girlfriend in Nashville, [Tennessee](/source/Tennessee).
- [July 5](/source/July_5) – [Violent riots](/source/July_2009_%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi_riots) broke out in [Ürümqi, Xinjiang](/source/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi,_Xinjiang). PRC officials said that a total of 197 people died.
- [July 7](/source/July_7) – [A public memorial service for Michael Jackson](/source/Michael_Jackson_memorial_service) is held at [Staples Center](/source/Staples_Center). It is watched by over 2.5 billion people worldwide.
- [July 15](/source/July_15) – [Caspian Airlines Flight 7908](/source/Caspian_Airlines_Flight_7908), en route from [Tehran](/source/Tehran), [Iran](/source/Iran), to [Yerevan](/source/Yerevan), [Armenia](/source/Armenia) crashes into the [Jannatabad village](/source/Jannatabad,_Qazvin) in [Qazvin Province](/source/Qazvin_Province); killing all 168 on board.
- [July 16](/source/July_16) – [Iceland](/source/Iceland)'s national [parliament](/source/Parliament), the [Althingi](/source/Althing), votes to [pursue joining](/source/Accession_of_Iceland_to_the_European_Union) the EU.[66]
- [July 17](/source/July_17) – [Two bombs exploded](/source/2009_Jakarta_bombings) separately at the [JW Marriott](/source/JW_Marriott_Jakarta) and [Ritz-Carlton](/source/Ritz-Carlton_Jakarta) Hotels in [Jakarta](/source/Jakarta), [Indonesia](/source/Indonesia), killing 9 people (including 2 suicide bombers) and injuring 53.[67]
- [July 19](/source/July_19) – Amateur astronomer [Anthony Wesley](/source/Anthony_Wesley) is the first to report that a new dark spot has developed on the planet [Jupiter](/source/Jupiter).[68] This event would come to be known as the [2009 Jupiter impact event](/source/2009_Jupiter_impact_event).
- [July 22](/source/July_22) – The [longest total solar eclipse of the 21st century](/source/Solar_eclipse_of_July_22,_2009), lasting up to 6 minutes and 38.86 seconds (0.14 seconds shorter than 6 minutes and 39 seconds), occurs over parts of [Asia](/source/Asia) and the [Pacific Ocean](/source/Pacific_Ocean).
- [July 26](/source/July_26) – The Islamic extremist group [Boko Haram](/source/Boko_Haram) initiates [an uprising](/source/2009_Boko_Haram_uprising) in [Bauchi State, Nigeria](/source/Bauchi_State,_Nigeria) and quickly spreads throughout the northern part of the country.[69]

### August

- [August 1](/source/August_1) – Former [President](/source/President_of_the_Philippines) of the Philippines [Corazon Aquino](/source/Corazon_Aquino) dies at the age of 76 of cardiopulmonary arrest after complications of [colon cancer](/source/Colorectal_cancer). A memorial service and [funeral](/source/Funeral) is scheduled for August 5. (Philippine Daily Inquirer)
- [August 3](/source/August_3) – [Bolivia](/source/Bolivia) becomes the first South American country to declare the right of indigenous people to govern themselves.[70]
- [August 7](/source/August_7) – [Typhoon Morakot](/source/Typhoon_Morakot) hits [Taiwan](/source/Taiwan), killing 673 and stranding more than 1,000 via the worst flooding on the island in half a century.[71]
- [August 8](/source/August_8) – A small plane and a tour helicopter [collide](/source/2009_Hudson_River_mid-air_collision) over the [Hudson River](/source/Hudson_River) in the [United States](/source/United_States). ([CNN](/source/CNN))
- [August 14](/source/August_14) – The [United Kingdom](/source/United_Kingdom) imposes [direct rule](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/direct_rule) on the [Turks and Caicos Islands](/source/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands) after an inquiry that found evidence of [government corruption](/source/Government_corruption).[72]
- [August 30](/source/August_30) – At least five people are killed and 275 injured in a train crash near [Yaoundé](/source/Yaound%C3%A9), [Cameroon](/source/Cameroon). ([BBC](/source/BBC)) ([Press TV](/source/Press_TV))

### September

- [September 2](/source/September_2) – [2009 Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister helicopter crash](/source/2009_Andhra_Pradesh_Chief_Minister_helicopter_crash). A helicopter carrying Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy went missing in the [Nallamala Forest](/source/Nallamala_Forest) area. It was later confirmed to have crashed with all five people including Reddy pronounced dead.
- [September 9](/source/September_9) – The [Dubai Metro](/source/Dubai_Metro), the first urban train network in the [Arabian Peninsula](/source/Arabian_Peninsula), officials opens.
- [September 21](/source/September_21) – [China](/source/2009_swine_flu_pandemic_in_Asia) becomes the first country to succeed a completed clinical trial by a company for the [2009/H1N1 vaccine](/source/2009_swine_flu_pandemic_vaccine) in the world during the [swine flu pandemic](/source/2009_swine_flu_pandemic).
- [September 22](/source/September_22) – [WikiLeaks](/source/WikiLeaks) exposes the contents of [Kaupthing Bank](/source/Kaupthing_Bank)'s internal documents prior to the [Icelandic Financial Crisis](/source/2008-2011_Icelandic_financial_crisis). These documents showed suspicious amounts of money were [loaned](/source/Loan) to bank owners, and [debts](/source/Debts) being written off.[73]
- [September 23](/source/September_23) – [Korba chimney collapse](/source/Korba_chimney_collapse): At least 45 workers are killed when lightning strikes a chimney under construction in [Korba, Chhattisgarh, India](/source/Korba,_Chhattisgarh), causing it to collapse.[74]
- [September 26](/source/September_26) – [Typhoon Ketsana](/source/Typhoon_Ketsana), PAGASA Name: Ondoy, makes [landfall](/source/Landfall) in [The Philippines](/source/The_Philippines), killing hundreds in [Metro Manila](/source/Metro_Manila) and [flooding](/source/Flooding) in [Huế, Vietnam](/source/Hu%E1%BA%BF,_Vietnam).
- [September 28](/source/September_28) – At least 157 demonstrators [are massacred](/source/2009_Guinea_protest) by the [Guinean military](/source/Military_of_Guinea) at the [Stade du 28 Septembre](/source/Stade_du_28_Septembre) during a protest against the government that came to power in a [coup d'état](/source/2008_Guinean_coup_d'%C3%A9tat) the previous year.[75]
- [September 29](/source/September_29) – A 8.1 [earthquake strikes Samoa](/source/2009_Samoa_earthquake_and_tsunami), with a maximum [Mercalli intensity](/source/Mercalli_intensity_scale) of VII (*Very strong*), leaving at least 192 people dead.[76]
- [September 30](/source/September_30) – A 7.6 [earthquake strikes Sumatra, Indonesia](/source/2009_Sumatra_earthquakes), with a maximum [Mercalli intensity](/source/Mercalli_intensity_scale) of VIII (*Severe*), leaving at least 1,115 people dead.[77]

### October

- [October 1](/source/October_1) – [Paleontologists](/source/Paleontologist) announce the discovery of an *[Ardipithecus ramidus](/source/Ardipithecus_ramidus)* fossil skeleton, deeming it the oldest remains of a human ancestor yet found.[78]
- [October 2](/source/October_2) - [Ireland](/source/Republic_of_Ireland) holds a [second referendum](/source/Twenty-eighth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_Ireland) on the [EU](/source/European_Union)'s [Lisbon Treaty](/source/Lisbon_Treaty). The amendment is approved by the [Irish electorate](/source/Irish_electorate),[79][80][81][82][83] having been rejected in the [Lisbon I referendum](/source/Twenty-eighth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_Bill_2008) held last year. - The [International Olympic Committee](/source/International_Olympic_Committee) awards [Rio de Janeiro](/source/Rio_de_Janeiro) the right to host the [2016 Summer Olympics](/source/2016_Summer_Olympics).[84]
- [October 15](/source/October_15) – It is revealed the company [Trafigura](/source/Trafigura) has been using a [super-injunction](/source/Injunction) to stop *[The Guardian](/source/The_Guardian)* from reporting about the [2006 Côte d'Ivoire toxic dumping incident](/source/2006_Ivory_Coast_toxic_waste_dump), which Trafigura was responsible for.[85]
- [October 18](/source/October_18) – British racing driver [Jenson Button](/source/Jenson_Button) won his first [Formula One](/source/Formula_One) World Championship, driving for [Brawn GP](/source/Brawn_GP) at the [Brazilian Grand Prix](/source/2009_Brazilian_Grand_Prix).[86]
- [October 20](/source/October_20) - [Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono](/source/Susilo_Bambang_Yudhoyono) is inaugurated for a second term as [President of Indonesia](/source/President_of_Indonesia). - [WikiLeaks](/source/WikiLeaks) [leaked](/source/News_leak) the membership listing of a [radical political group](/source/List_of_active_nationalist_parties_in_Europe) known as the [British National Party](/source/British_National_Party).[87]
- [October 22](/source/October_22) – [Microsoft](/source/Microsoft) releases [Windows 7](/source/Windows_7) to all computers and laptops, including an edition for ATMs.[88]
- [October 23](/source/October_23) – The [2009 Cataño oil refinery fire](/source/2009_Cata%C3%B1o_oil_refinery_fire) began after an explosion at the refinery in [Bayamón, Puerto Rico](/source/Bayam%C3%B3n,_Puerto_Rico).[89]
- [October 24](/source/October_24) – The [2009 El Ayyat railway accident](/source/2009_El_Ayyat_railway_accident) occurred in Giza, [Egypt](/source/Egypt), when a passenger train derailed due to stoppage of animals on the train tracks. 50 people were killed and 30 people were injured.[90]
- [October 25](/source/October_25) – [Two suicide attacks](/source/October_2009_Baghdad_bombings) in [Baghdad](/source/Baghdad), [Iraq](/source/Iraq), kill 155 people and injure at least 721 people.[91]

### November

- [November 3](/source/November_3) - The [Czech Republic](/source/Czech_Republic) becomes the final [member-state](/source/Member_state_of_the_European_Union) of the [European Union](/source/European_Union) to sign the [Treaty of Lisbon](/source/Treaty_of_Lisbon), thereby permitting that document's initiation into [European law](/source/European_law).[92] - The [Prime Minister of Belgium](/source/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium), [Herman Van Rompuy](/source/Herman_Van_Rompuy), is designated the first permanent [President of the European Council](/source/President_of_the_European_Council),[93] a position he takes up on December 1, 2009.[94][95][96]
- [November 5](/source/November_5) – Fourteen people are killed during the [2009 Fort Hood shooting](/source/2009_Fort_Hood_shooting).[97]
- [November 10](/source/November_10) – [Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2](/source/Call_of_Duty:_Modern_Warfare_2) was released.[98]
- [November 13](/source/November_13) – Having analyzed the data from the [LCROSS](/source/LCROSS) lunar impact, [NASA](/source/NASA) announces that it has found a "significant" quantity of [water](/source/Lunar_water) in the [Moon](/source/Moon)'s [Cabeus](/source/Cabeus_(crater)) crater.[99][100]
- [November 23](/source/November_23) – In the [Philippines](/source/Philippines), at least [58 people are abducted and killed](/source/Maguindanao_massacre) in the province of [Maguindanao](/source/Maguindanao), in what the [Committee to Protect Journalists](/source/Committee_to_Protect_Journalists) called the single deadliest attack on journalists in history.[101]
- [November 24](/source/November_24) – The [Avdhela Project](/source/Avdhela_Project), an [Aromanian](/source/Aromanians) [digital library](/source/Digital_library) and cultural initiative, is founded in [Bucharest](/source/Bucharest), [Romania](/source/Romania).[102]

### December

- [December 1](/source/December_1) – The [Treaty of Lisbon](/source/Treaty_of_Lisbon) comes into force.[103]
- [December 5](/source/December_5) – [Fire at the Lame Horse nightclub](/source/Lame_Horse_fire) in [Perm](/source/Perm,_Russia), [Russia](/source/Russia) kills 156 people. The nightclub owner was sentenced to nearly ten years in prison.[104]
- [December 7](/source/December_7)–[18](/source/December_18) – The [UNFCCC](/source/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change)'s [2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference](/source/2009_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference) is held in [Copenhagen, Denmark](/source/Copenhagen,_Denmark).[105]
- [December 8](/source/December_8) – [A series of attacks](/source/December_2009_Baghdad_bombings) in [Baghdad](/source/Baghdad), [Iraq](/source/Iraq) kill at least 127 people and injure at least 448 more.[106]
- [December 15](/source/December_15) – First flight of the [Boeing 787 Dreamliner](/source/Boeing_787_Dreamliner).
- [December 16](/source/December_16) – [Astronomers](/source/Astronomer) discover [GJ 1214 b](/source/GJ_1214_b), the first-known [exoplanet](/source/Exoplanet) on which [water](/source/Extraterrestrial_liquid_water) could exist.[107]
- [December 22](/source/December_22) – [Serbia](/source/Serbia) applied for membership to the [European Union](/source/European_Union).[108]
- [December 25](/source/December_25) – A [Nigerian terrorist](/source/Umar_Farouk_Abdulmutallab) plotted an attempted terrorist bombing of [Northwest Airlines Flight 253](/source/Northwest_Airlines_Flight_253) en route from [Amsterdam](/source/Amsterdam) to [Detroit](/source/Detroit).[109]

## Births and deaths

Main articles: Category:2009 births and [Deaths in 2009](/source/Deaths_in_2009)

## Nobel Prizes

- [Chemistry](/source/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry) – [Ada Yonath](/source/Ada_Yonath), [Venkatraman Ramakrishnan](/source/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan), and [Thomas A. Steitz](/source/Thomas_A._Steitz)[110]
- [Economics](/source/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences) – [Elinor Ostrom](/source/Elinor_Ostrom) and [Oliver E. Williamson](/source/Oliver_E._Williamson)[111]
- [Literature](/source/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature) – [Herta Müller](/source/Herta_M%C3%BCller)
- [Peace](/source/Nobel_Peace_Prize) – [Barack Obama](/source/Barack_Obama)
- [Physics](/source/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics) – [Charles K. Kao](/source/Charles_K._Kao), [Willard Boyle](/source/Willard_Boyle), and [George E. Smith](/source/George_E._Smith)[112]
- [Physiology or Medicine](/source/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine) – [Elizabeth Blackburn](/source/Elizabeth_Blackburn), [Carol W. Greider](/source/Carol_W._Greider), and [Jack W. Szostak](/source/Jack_W._Szostak)[113]

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1. ["The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009"](http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2009/). Nobel Foundation. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20091010063802/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2009/) October 10, 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2009-10-07.

1. ["All Laureates in Economic Sciences"](http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/). Nobel Foundation. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20100831112856/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/) August 31, 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2010-08-23.

1. ["The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009"](http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2009/index.html). Nobel Foundation. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20091008215314/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2009/index.html) October 8, 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2009-10-06.

1. Ritter, Malcolm (2009-10-05). ["3 Americans share Nobel medicine prize"](https://web.archive.org/web/20091011084903/https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hJcSjQhDsEyGknin8ov1gIOLAj-QD9B54MS80). Associated Press. Archived from [the original](https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hJcSjQhDsEyGknin8ov1gIOLAj-QD9B54MS80) on October 11, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-05.

## Bibliography

- Berg, Robert J. & Avila, Lixion A. (2011). ["Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2009"](https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/10.1175/2010MWR3476.1). *Monthly Weather Review*. **139** (4): 1049–1069. [doi:10.1175/2010MWR3476.1](https://doi.org/10.1175/2010MWR3476.1). [ISSN 0027-0644](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-0644)
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.