# 2002 World Bank Oslo protests

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Anti-globalization protests in Oslo, Norway

World Bank Oslo 2002 Protests Demonstrators assembled before the march Date June 24–26, 2002 Methods Marches Conference

During the **[World Bank](/source/World_Bank) Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics** in [Oslo](/source/Oslo), [Norway](/source/Norway) in 2002 large [globalization-critical](/source/Anti-globalization) protests were held. A coalition of many organizations organized an alternative conference and a [demonstration](/source/Demonstration_(people)) with more than 10 000 participants, thus making it the largest mass mobilisation in Norway in recent history. Before the protests, there was much concern about violence and [riots](/source/Riot), but the actual protest was almost entirely peaceful with a few minor incidents.[1][2]

## The conference

The [World Bank](/source/World_Bank) has held its [Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics](/source/Annual_World_Bank_Conference_on_Development_Economics) (ABCDE) since 1988.[3] The June 24–26, 2002 conference focused on poverty and on implementing the commitments made of the [Monterrey Consensus](/source/Monterrey_Consensus) from March the same year.[4] The conference was held in the hills above Oslo, in a hotel at [Holmenkollen](/source/Holmenkollen). It was originally planned to be held in Stockholm, Sweden, but was moved to Oslo so as not to interfere with the [2002 Swedish general election](/source/2002_Swedish_general_election).[5][6]

## Purpose and organization of the protests

The protests were organized by Oslo 2002, an umbrella organization for about 50 participating organizations including [labor unions](/source/Labor_union), political parties, [environmental organizations](/source/Environmental_organization), [church](/source/Religion-supporting_organization) organizations and [ATTAC](/source/ATTAC) from Norway, Sweden and Denmark.[7][8] While each participant had its own reasons, here were the Oslo 2002 network mottos:

- "Our world is not for sale--stop the World Bank’s undemocratic market policies!"

- "Cancel [Third World debt](/source/Developing_countries'_debt)--release the choke hold!!"

- "[Free trade](/source/Free_trade) pollutes!"

- "Yes to women and [women’s rights](/source/Women%E2%80%99s_rights)--no to the World Bank!"

- "Stop the World Bank’s attack on [labor rights](/source/Labor_rights)!"

The network claimed that the World Bank is an undemocratic institution used by rich nations to control poor countries.[8] Einar Braathen and Reidun Heiene of ATTAC Norway and the Oslo 2002 network also criticized the bank for believing too much in [market-based](/source/Free_market) solutions.[9]

## Prelude

In the weeks leading up to the conference and protests there was much concern about possible violence. The [protests during the EU summit in Gothenburg 2001](/source/Protests_during_the_EU_summit_in_Gothenburg_2001) were marred with vandalism and violent clashes between police and masked protesters. The previous year's World Bank conference in [Barcelona](/source/Barcelona) had to be cancelled and held online instead.[4]

Many protesters were expected from other countries, especially neighboring Sweden and Denmark, but also some other parts of Europe.[10] Extra border patrols were put in place between Sweden and Norway, a border that is normally uncontrolled. There were lists of at least 500 persons who would not be allowed to enter the country.[11] An 18-year-old Swedish man was arrested in Oslo and later deported to Sweden. Another nine were apprehended at the [Svinesund](/source/Svinesund) border crossing, but later released. A bus with 27 Danish citizens was stopped and their passports were copied by the police. Representatives for the protest organizers said the police should not arrest people who had committed no crime using anti-terrorist laws because it would label all protesters as criminals.[7][12][13]

Some downtown merchants were afraid of vandalism. Vehicles were not allowed to stop in downtown Oslo for five days, buses and trains were stopped during the march and garbage cans were removed from the streets.[11][14]

900 Norwegian police officers trained before the conference at a temporary training ground on the closed [Fornebu airport](/source/Oslo_Airport%2C_Fornebu). 20 courtrooms with judges were kept ready to handle urgent cases. A special holding facility was also constructed. The police primarily feared that unofficial protests after the large march would become violent, especially the anarchist [Blitz movement](/source/Blitz_(movement)). Another worry was provocation from counter-demonstrations by [neo-nazi](/source/Neo-nazi) and extreme right-wing groups.[10][11]

The organizers, Oslo 2002, said they did not expect violence and they have been assured by the police there would be no provocations. Masks were not allowed in the demonstration.[7]

## Protest march

The marchers set off

The march walking along [Karl Johans Street](/source/Karl_Johans_Street) with the [Royal Palace](/source/Royal_Palace%2C_Oslo) in the background.

The protest march on June 24 started at 18.30 from [Oslo Central Station](/source/Oslo_Central_Station) and proceeded around central Oslo. Over 10,000 people participated in the march that was described by news writers as peaceful, colorful and carnival-like. At 19.45 the first marchers came back to [Jernbanetorget](/source/Jernbanetorget) along [Karl Johans Street](/source/Karl_Johans_Street). On the square there were speeches on the theme "Vår verden er ikke til salgs - stopp Verdensbanken" (Our world is not for sale - stop the World Bank).[1][2]

The police kept a low profile but waited nearby. After the demonstration reached the end, at least ten stones were thrown towards a [McDonald's](/source/McDonald's) restaurant, but without consequence. The throwers were soon stopped by older participants.[1]

Later in the evening was an unorganized after party in a central city park, which was also peaceful except for a quarrel between youths, apparently over a personal conflict rather than for political reasons.[2]

## Alternative conference

An alternative conference called Open Forum (Åpent Forum) was held on Sunday 23 June. It focused on the negative effects of the World Bank and the [International Monetary Fund](/source/International_Monetary_Fund). The conference was opened by [Kenneth Kaunda](/source/Kenneth_Kaunda), former president of [Zambia](/source/Zambia). He said the World Bank's move away from [structural adjustment programmes](/source/Structural_adjustment_program) toward poverty reduction represents little more than window dressing and called for "a second liberation from global financial strangulation of mankind spearheaded by the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the [World Trade Organisation](/source/World_Trade_Organization)."[4]

The Open Forum aimed to share experiences by various social organizations, national and international [NGOs](/source/NGO), [Jubilee South](/source/Jubilee_2000), the Norwegian [Cancel the Debt Coalition](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cancel_the_Debt_Coalition&action=edit&redlink=1) (SLUG), [ATTAC](/source/ATTAC); peace- and human rights organisations, [anti-globalisation](/source/Anti-globalisation) initiatives and World Bank critics like [SAPRIN](/source/Structural_Adjustment_Participatory_Review_International_Network). They criticized the World Bank for being undemocratic and becoming too powerful, at the cost of the [United Nations](/source/United_Nations). According to the organizers, the fundamentally undemocratic development hurt the poorest people in the world. They refuted the banks claims of reform saying it did not learn from its mistakes.[15]

[Attac](/source/Attac) also organized a debate evening at [University of Oslo](/source/University_of_Oslo) where some World Bank representatives and critics met and discussed.[16]

## Aftermath

A police representative was happy that the protest was calm and that everybody could enjoy the nice summer day in Oslo and protest at the same time. [Gustav Fridolin](/source/Gustav_Fridolin) of the [Swedish Green Party](/source/Green_Party_(Sweden)) who participated in the protest commented that the Norwegian police had learned from the mistakes of the Swedish police in [Gothenburg the year before](/source/Protests_during_the_EU_summit_in_Gothenburg_2001).[2] In his closing speech of the ABCDE conference David Hulme from [Manchester University](/source/Manchester_University) called (somewhat jokingly) for a "strategy for reduced arrogance". Several speakers had called for a reform of the World Bank where the fight against world poverty is taken seriously.[16]

## See also

- [2008–09 Oslo riots](/source/2008%E2%80%9309_Oslo_riots)

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-aftenposten-after_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-aftenposten-after_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-aftenposten-after_1-2) Børringbo, Laus; Hans O. Torgensen (2002-06-24). ["Ti tusen demonstranter i Oslos gater"](http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/oslo/article352624.ece) (in Norwegian). [Aftenposten](/source/Aftenposten). Retrieved 2008-10-10.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-dn-after_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-dn-after_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-dn-after_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-dn-after_2-3) Holmberg, Kalle (2002-06-24). ["Lugn manisfestation i Oslo"](https://web.archive.org/web/20020804115907/http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=554&a=30223&maNo=0) (in Swedish). [Dagens Nyheter](/source/Dagens_Nyheter). Archived from [the original](http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=554&a=30223&maNo=0) on August 4, 2002. Retrieved 2008-10-10.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-dn-faktaruta_3-0)** ["Fakta/Världsbankens forskarkonferens"](http://www.dn.se/DNet/road/Classic/article/0/jsp/faktaRender.jsp?fno=0&major=1&minor=30176) (in Swedish). [Dagens Nyheter](/source/Dagens_Nyheter). 2002-06-23. Retrieved 2008-10-10.[*[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-bbc_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-bbc_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-bbc_4-2) Bevanger, Lars (2002-06-24). ["Experts call for poverty action"](https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2063247.stm). [BBC](/source/BBC). Retrieved 2008-10-10.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-nbr_5-0)** ["World Bank conference moved to Norway"](http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-5962722_ITM). Nordic Business Report (M2 Communications Ltd). 2002-02-19. Retrieved 2008-10-10.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-dn-fattigdom_6-0)** Holmberg, Kalle (2002-06-23). ["Världens fattigdom i fokus i Oslo"](http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?a=30176) (in Swedish). [Dagens Nyheter](/source/Dagens_Nyheter). Retrieved 2008-10-10.[*[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-dn-utvisad_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-dn-utvisad_7-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-dn-utvisad_7-2) Holmberg, Kalle; Pernilla Fagerström (2002-06-23). ["Svensk utvisad från Norge"](http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=147&a=30074) (in Swedish). [Dagens Nyheter](/source/Dagens_Nyheter). Retrieved 2008-10-10.{{[cite news](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_news)}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service))

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-nettverket_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-nettverket_8-1) ["Om nettverket, list of Oslo 2002 network members"](https://web.archive.org/web/20020803204746/http://www.oslo2002.no/oslo2002.shtml) (in Norwegian). 2002. Archived from [the original](http://www.oslo2002.no/oslo2002.shtml) on 2002-08-03. Retrieved 2008-10-11.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Braathen, Einar; Reidun Heiene (2002-06-20). ["Verdensbanken opp ned"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110524034733/http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikker/article349466.ece) (in Norwegian). [Aftenposten](/source/Aftenposten) (debate article). Archived from [the original](http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikker/article349466.ece) on 2011-05-24. Retrieved 2008-10-11.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-dagbladet-gateslag_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-dagbladet-gateslag_10-1) Hultgreen, Gunnar; Kristoffer Egeberg (2002-06-19). ["Frykter gateslag i Oslo"](http://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/2002/06/19/338964.html) (in Norwegian). [Dagbladet](/source/Dagbladet). Retrieved 2008-10-10.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-aftenposte-braces_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-aftenposte-braces_11-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-aftenposte-braces_11-2) Berglund, Nina (2002-06-18). ["Oslo braces for World Bank meeting"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110524034250/http://www.aftenposten.no/english/article348387.ece). [Aftenposten](/source/Aftenposten). Archived from [the original](http://www.aftenposten.no/english/article348387.ece) on 2011-05-24. Retrieved 2008-10-10.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-aftenposten-utvise_12-0)** Andersen, Jon Even (2002-06-23). ["UDI vil utvise pågrepet demonstrant"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110524034228/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article351841.ece) (in Norwegian). [Aftenposten](/source/Aftenposten) - [NTB](/source/Norwegian_News_Agency). Archived from [the original](http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article351841.ece) on 2011-05-24. Retrieved 2008-10-10.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-dn-registrering_13-0)** Ljunggren, Petter (2002-06-24). ["Demonstranter oroade över registrering"](http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?a=30223) (in Swedish). [Dagens Nyheter](/source/Dagens_Nyheter). Retrieved 2008-10-10.[*[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-aftenposten-prepares_14-0)** Wasim, K. Riaz; Jonathan Tisdall (2002-06-19). ["Oslo prepares for street violence"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110524034317/http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article349260.ece). [Aftenposten](/source/Aftenposten). Archived from [the original](http://www.aftenposten.no/english/local/article349260.ece) on 2011-05-24. Retrieved 2008-10-10.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-openforum_15-0)** ["Open Forum"](https://web.archive.org/web/20020803204835/http://www.oslo2002.no/openforum.shtml). Oslo 2002 website. 2002-06-23. Archived from [the original](http://www.oslo2002.no/openforum.shtml) on 2002-08-03. Retrieved 2008-10-11.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-dn-arrogant_16-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-dn-arrogant_16-1) Holmberg, Kalle (2002-06-26). ["Arrogant avslutning i Oslo"](http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?a=30949) (in Swedish). [Dagens Nyheter](/source/Dagens_Nyheter). Retrieved 2008-10-11.[*[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

## External links

- [Oslo 2002 - Organizers website](https://web.archive.org/web/20020802074719/http://www.oslo2002.no/) (in Norwegian) (archived copy)

- [English website](https://web.archive.org/web/20020803201157/http://www.oslo2002.no/english.shtml) (archived copy)

- [Selected papers from the ABCDE-Europe meetings in Oslo 2002](https://archive.today/20130416040746/http://go.worldbank.org/13DSCODC50) - from the World Bank website.

v t e Anti-globalization movement Demonstrations 1980s Stop the City 1988 IMF/World Bank protests 1990s Vancouver 1997 Carnival Against Capital 1999 Seattle WTO protests 2000–2004 Washington A16, 2000 S11 2000 Prague anti-globalization protests 2001 Quebec protests Protests during the 2001 EU summit in Gothenburg Genoa G8 protests 2002 World Bank Oslo protests J26 G8 protests 2003 anti-WEF protests in Switzerland EU-Latin America summit of 2004 protest activity 2005–2010 Dissent! G8 Alternatives Global Call to Action Against Poverty October Rebellion 2009 G20 London summit protests 2010 G20 Toronto summit protests Related Alter-globalization Criticisms of globalization Left-wing antiglobalism Occupy movement

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [2002 World Bank Oslo protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_World_Bank_Oslo_protests) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_World_Bank_Oslo_protests?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.