# 1263

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Calendar year

Years Millennium 2nd millennium Centuries 12th century 13th century 14th century Decades 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s 1280s Years 1260 1261 1262 1263 1264 1265 1266 v t e

1263 by topic Leaders Political entities State leaders Religious leaders Birth and death categories Births – Deaths Establishments and disestablishments categories Establishments – Disestablishments Art and literature 1263 in poetry v t e

1263 in various calendars Gregorian calendar 1263 MCCLXIII Ab urbe condita 2016 Armenian calendar 712 ԹՎ ՉԺԲ Assyrian calendar 6013 Balinese saka calendar 1184–1185 Bengali calendar 669–670 Berber calendar 2213 English Regnal year 47 Hen. 3 – 48 Hen. 3 Buddhist calendar 1807 Burmese calendar 625 Byzantine calendar 6771–6772 Chinese calendar 壬戌年 (Water Dog) 3960 or 3753 — to — 癸亥年 (Water Pig) 3961 or 3754 Coptic calendar 979–980 Discordian calendar 2429 Ethiopian calendar 1255–1256 Hebrew calendar 5023–5024 Hindu calendars - Vikram Samvat 1319–1320 - Shaka Samvat 1184–1185 - Kali Yuga 4363–4364 Holocene calendar 11263 Igbo calendar 263–264 Iranian calendar 641–642 Islamic calendar 661–662 Japanese calendar Kōchō 3 (弘長３年) Javanese calendar 1173–1174 Julian calendar 1263 MCCLXIII Korean calendar 3596 Minguo calendar 649 before ROC 民前649年 Nanakshahi calendar −205 Thai solar calendar 1805–1806 Tibetan calendar ཆུ་ཕོ་ཁྱི་ལོ་ (male Water-Dog) 1389 or 1008 or 236 — to — ཆུ་མོ་ཕག་ལོ་ (female Water-Boar) 1390 or 1009 or 237

King [Haakon IV of Norway](/source/Haakon_IV_of_Norway) (left) is succeeded by his son [Magnus VI](/source/Magnus_VI_of_Norway) "the Law-mender")

Year **1263** (**[MCCLXIII](/source/Roman_numerals)**) was a [common year starting on Monday](/source/Common_year_starting_on_Monday) of the [Julian calendar](/source/Julian_calendar).

## Events

### By place

#### Byzantine Empire

- Before July – [Battle of Settepozzi](/source/Battle_of_Settepozzi): A Byzantine-Genoese fleet (some 50 galleys) is routed by the Venetians near [Spetses](/source/Spetses) in the [Argolic Gulf](/source/Argolic_Gulf), who capture four ships and inflict considerable casualties. Later, the Genoese that survive the battle managed to capture [Chania](/source/Chania) on [Crete](/source/Crete). They receive orders to avoid direct confrontations with the Venetian fleet, but instead are engaged in raiding against the Venetian merchant convoys in the [Euripus Strait](/source/Euripus_Strait).[1]

- Summer – Emperor [Michael VIII Palaiologos](/source/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos) sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (some 3,500 men) led by his half-brother, [Constantine Palaiologos](/source/Constantine_Palaiologos_(half-brother_of_Michael_VIII)), to the [Peloponnese](/source/Peloponnese) in southern [Greece](/source/Greece). The army is transported to [Monemvasia](/source/Monemvasia) on Genoese ships, while a small Byzantine fleet is sent to harass the Latin island holdings in [Euboea](/source/Euboea) and the [Cyclades](/source/Cyclades). After arriving at Monemvasia, Constantine lays siege to [Sparta](/source/Sparta), while the Byzantine fleet seizes the southern coast of [Laconia](/source/Laconia).[2]

- [Battle of Prinitza](/source/Battle_of_Prinitza): Constantine Palaiologos marches the Byzantine army up the rivers [Eurotas](/source/Eurotas_(river)) and [Alfeios](/source/Alfeios) towards the Achaean capital, [Andravida](/source/Andravida). At a narrow pass at Prinitza (near [Ancient Olympia](/source/Olympia%2C_Greece)) in [Elis](/source/Elis), the Byzantines are attacked by Achaean forces (some 300 horsemen) under [John of Katavas](/source/John_of_Katavas), who inflict a resounding defeat upon them; many Byzantine soldiers are killed. Constantine himself barely escapes with his life, and flees with the remainder of his army to the safety of [Mystras](/source/Mystras).[3][4]

#### Europe

- July – [Scottish–Norwegian War](/source/Scottish%E2%80%93Norwegian_War): King [Haakon IV of Norway](/source/Haakon_IV_of_Norway) ("the Old") assembles a fleet (some 120 warships), and sets sail to defend the [Hebrides](/source/Hebrides), in an attempt to reassert Norwegian sovereignty over the [Western Isles](/source/Outer_Hebrides) of [Scotland](/source/Kingdom_of_Scotland). Haakon stops at the [Isle of Arran](/source/Isle_of_Arran), where in August negotiations are started with the 21-year-old King [Alexander III of Scotland](/source/Alexander_III_of_Scotland). The talks are prolonged by the Scots until the autumn storms begin.[5]

- [September 12](/source/September_12) – [Mindaugas](/source/Mindaugas) (or Mendog), the only Christian king of [Lithuania](/source/Kingdom_of_Lithuania), is assassinated by his cousin [Treniota](/source/Treniota). The country reverts to [paganism](/source/Paganism) and loses its status as a kingdom. Treniota usurps the throne (until [1264](/source/1264)).

- [October 2](/source/October_2) – [Battle of Largs](/source/Battle_of_Largs): Scottish forces under [Alexander Stewart](/source/Alexander_Stewart%2C_4th_High_Steward_of_Scotland) rout a Viking invasion force led by Haakon IV at [Largs](/source/Largs) in [North Ayrshire](/source/North_Ayrshire). The battle is inconclusive. On the morning of [October 3](/source/October_3), the Norwegians return to collect their dead and burn their beached ships. By the end of October, the Viking fleet reaches [Orkney](/source/Orkney), where Haakon becomes ill and dies at the [Bishop's Palace](/source/Bishop's_Palace%2C_Kirkwall), on [December 16](/source/December_16).[6]

- December – [Magnus VI](/source/Magnus_VI_of_Norway) ("the Law-mender") succeeds his father Haakon IV as [King of Norway](/source/Kingdom_of_Norway_(872%E2%80%931397)). The chieftains of the eastern part of [Iceland](/source/Iceland) become the last to pledge fealty to Magnus, bringing a more complete end to the [Icelandic Commonwealth](/source/Icelandic_Commonwealth) and the [Age of the Sturlungs](/source/Age_of_the_Sturlungs).

- Winter – [Reconquista](/source/Reconquista): King [Alfonso X of Castile](/source/Alfonso_X_of_Castile) ("the Wise") conquers [Niebla](/source/Niebla%2C_Spain) from the Moors, terminating any Muslim presence in the western region of [Spain](/source/Spain).[7]

- [Reconquista](/source/Reconquista) – King [James I of Aragon](/source/James_I_of_Aragon) ("the Conqueror") captures [Crevillent](/source/Crevillent) from the [Moors](/source/Moors) and it becomes a part of the [Kingdom of Valencia](/source/Kingdom_of_Valencia).

#### England

- April – [Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester](/source/Simon_de_Montfort%2C_6th_Earl_of_Leicester), newly returned from exile, takes control of southern England.[8] In early May he summons a meeting of rebel barons at Oxford.

- [July 16](/source/July_16) – Rebels occupy London.[8]

- Baronial forces led by [Robert de Ferrers](/source/Robert_de_Ferrers%2C_6th_Earl_of_Derby) and [Henry de Montfort](/source/Henry_de_Montfort) lay siege to [Worcester](/source/Worcester%2C_England). The attackers finally enter the city and are allowed to sack it. They kill most of the Jewish community as part of the [targeting of Jews during the conflict with the Barons](/source/History_of_the_Jews_in_England_(1066%E2%80%931290)#Targeting_of_Jews_during_the_conflict_with_the_Barons) by allies of de Montfort.[9]

- [October 2](/source/October_2) – King [Henry III of England](/source/Henry_III_of_England) travels to [Boulogne](/source/Boulogne-sur-Mer) for an attempt to broker peace with his barons by King [Louis IX of France](/source/Louis_IX_of_France).[8]

#### Levant

- [April 4](/source/April_4) – Egyptian forces led by Sultan [Baibars](/source/Baibars) (or Abu al-Futuh) attack [Acre](/source/Acre%2C_Israel); there is severe fighting outside the walls, in which the seneschal, [Geoffrey of Sergines](/source/Geoffrey_of_Sergines), is badly wounded. Baibars is not yet ready to besiege the city and begins a major campaign to eliminate the Crusader kingdom of [Jerusalem](/source/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem), the county of [Tripoli](/source/County_of_Tripoli) and the principality of [Antioch](/source/Principality_of_Antioch).[10][11]

### By topic

#### Arts and Culture

- The [Savoy Palace](/source/Savoy_Palace) is constructed in [London](/source/London) by [Peter II, Count of Savoy](/source/Peter_II%2C_Count_of_Savoy).[12]

#### Education

- Presumed date – [Balliol College](/source/Balliol_College%2C_Oxford) is established in the [University of Oxford](/source/University_of_Oxford) (England) by [John I de Balliol](/source/John_I_de_Balliol) on its modern-day site.[13]

#### Markets

- [The Lord Edward](/source/Edward_I_of_England), son and heir of Henry III of England, seizes £10,000 which had been deposited to the trust of the [Knights Templar](/source/Knights_Templar) in London by foreign merchants and English magnates.[14]

- The [Bonsignori](/source/Orlando_Bonsignori) firm gains the full market of the transfer of fiscal revenue from the papal estates to [Rome](/source/Rome).[15]

#### Religion

- [July 20](/source/July_20)–[24](/source/July_24) – [Nahmanides](/source/Nahmanides), Spanish chief [rabbi](/source/Rabbi), defends the [Talmud](/source/Talmud) in an important [debate](/source/Debate) (the [Disputation of Barcelona](/source/Disputation_of_Barcelona)) against [Pablo Christiani](/source/Pablo_Christiani), before James I of Aragon.

- Probable date – The doctrines of [Joachim of Fiore](/source/Joachim_of_Fiore), French [hermit](/source/Hermit) and theologian, are condemned as [heresy](/source/Christian_heresy) by the [Catholic Church](/source/Roman_Catholic_Church) [Synod of Arles](/source/Synod_of_Arles#Councils_of_1260,_1263,_and_1275).

## Births

- [January 22](/source/January_22) – [Ibn Taymiyyah](/source/Ibn_Taymiyyah), Syrian philosopher (d. [1328](/source/1328))

- [February 8](/source/February_8) – [Afonso of Portugal, Lord of Portalegre](/source/Afonso_of_Portugal%2C_Lord_of_Portalegre), Portuguese prince (d. [1312](/source/1312))

- [March 20](/source/March_20) – [Yolande of Dreux](/source/Yolande_of_Dreux%2C_Queen_of_Scotland), queen consort of [Scotland](/source/Kingdom_of_Scotland) (d. [1330](/source/1330))

- [Henry III](/source/Henry_III%2C_Count_of_Gorizia), German [nobleman](/source/Nobility) ([House of Gorizia](/source/House_of_Gorizia)) (d. [1323](/source/1323))

- [Ingeborg of Sweden](/source/Ingeborg_of_Sweden_(1263%E2%80%931292)), countess of [Holstein-Plön](/source/Holstein-Pl%C3%B6n) (d. [1292](/source/1292))

- [Juliana FitzGerald, Lady of Thomond](/source/Juliana_FitzGerald%2C_Lady_of_Thomond), Norman-Irish noblewoman (d. [1300](/source/1300))

- [Napoleone Orsini](/source/Napoleone_Orsini_(cardinal)), Italian cardinal and diplomat (d. [1342](/source/1342))

- [Philip of Chieti](/source/Philip_of_Chieti), Flemish nobleman and knight (d. [1308](/source/1308))

- [Roseline of Villeneuve](/source/Roseline_of_Villeneuve), French Carthusian nun and saint (d. [1329](/source/1329))

- [Theobald II, Duke of Lorraine](/source/Theobald_II%2C_Duke_of_Lorraine) (or Thiebaut), German nobleman (d. 1312)

- [Tolberto III da Camino](/source/Tolberto_III_da_Camino), Italian nobleman and [condottiero](/source/Condottiero) (d. [1317](/source/1317))

- [Zhongfeng Mingben](/source/Zhongfeng_Mingben), Chinese [Buddhist](/source/Chan_Buddhism) master (d. 1323)

## Deaths

- [January 7](/source/January_7) – [Agnes of Merania](/source/Agnes_of_Merania_(1215-1263)), duchess of [Carinthia](/source/Duchy_of_Carinthia) (b. [1215](/source/1215))

- [January 16](/source/January_16) – [Shinran](/source/Shinran), founder of [Jōdo Shinshū](/source/J%C5%8Ddo_Shinsh%C5%AB) (Shin Buddhism) (b. [1173](/source/1173))

- [March 19](/source/March_19) – [Hugh of Saint-Cher](/source/Hugh_of_Saint-Cher), French friar and bishop (b. [1200](/source/1200))

- [April 20](/source/April_20) – [John I, Count of Holstein-Kiel](/source/John_I%2C_Count_of_Holstein-Kiel), German nobleman ([House of Schauenburg](/source/House_of_Schaumburg))

- [June 7](/source/June_7) – [Boniface](/source/Boniface%2C_Count_of_Savoy), Savoyan nobleman ([House of Savoy](/source/House_of_Savoy)) (b. [1245](/source/1245))

- [September 12](/source/September_12) – [Mindaugas](/source/Mindaugas) (or Mendog), king of [Lithuania](/source/Kingdom_of_Lithuania), assassinated (b. [1203](/source/1203))

- [November 14](/source/November_14) – [Alexander Nevsky](/source/Alexander_Nevsky), Grand Prince of [Novgorod](/source/Veliky_Novgorod)

- [November 20](/source/November_20)(?) – [Martino della Torre](/source/Martino_della_Torre), Italian nobleman and condottiero

- [December 16](/source/December_16) – [Haakon IV of Norway](/source/Haakon_IV_of_Norway) ("the Old"), king of [Norway](/source/Kingdom_of_Norway_(872%E2%80%931397)) (b. [1204](/source/1204))

- [December 24](/source/December_24) – [Hōjō Tokiyori](/source/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_Tokiyori), Japanese nobleman (b. [1227](/source/1227))

- [Al-Ashraf Musa](/source/Al-Ashraf_Musa%2C_Emir_of_Homs), Ayyubid prince (*[emir](/source/Emir)*) and ruler of Homs (b. [1229](/source/1229))

- [Caesarius of Alagno](/source/Caesarius_of_Alagno), Italian priest, bishop and counsellor

- [Gilbert I de la Hay](/source/Gilbert_I_de_la_Hay), Scottish nobleman, knight and [regent](/source/Regent)

- [Guy I de la Roche](/source/Guy_I_de_la_Roche), duke of [Athens](/source/Duchy_of_Athens) and [Thebes](/source/Thebes%2C_Greece) (b. [1205](/source/1205))

- [John XIII bar Ma'dani](/source/John_XIII_bar_Ma'dani), Syrian patriarch of [Antioch](/source/Church_of_Antioch)

- [Manuel I](/source/Manuel_I_of_Trebizond) (*Megas Komnenos*), emperor of [Trebizond](/source/Empire_of_Trebizond)

- [Senana ferch Caradog](/source/Senana_ferch_Caradog), Welsh noblewoman (b. [1198](/source/1198))

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Lane, Frederic Chapin (1973). *Venice, A Maritime Republic*, p. 77. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-8018-1445-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-1445-6).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). *The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204–1453*, p. 49. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-8122-1620-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8122-1620-2).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Bartusis, Mark C. (1977). *The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204–1453*, p. 50. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-8122-1620-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8122-1620-2).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Longnon, Jean (1969). *The Frankish States in Greece, 1204–1311*, pp. 253–254. In Wolff, Robert Lee; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.). *A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189–1311*, pp. 234–275. University of Wisconsin Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-299-06670-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-299-06670-3).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Helle, Knut (1995). *Under kirke og kongemakt: 1130-1350*, p. 196. Aschehougs Norgeshistorie. Vol. 3. Aschehoug. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [8203220312](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/8203220312).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** McDonald, Russell Andrew (1997). *The Kingdom of the Isles: Scotland's Western Seaboard, c. 100–c. 1336*, p. 115. Scottish Historical Monographs, Tuckwell Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1-898410-85-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-898410-85-2).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-picard2000_7-0)** Picard, Christophe (2000). *Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique*. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [2-7068-1398-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7068-1398-9).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-CBH1263_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-CBH1263_8-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-CBH1263_8-2) Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). *The Chronology of British History*. London: Century Ltd. pp. 86–88. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-7126-5616-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7126-5616-2).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Willis-Bund, J W; Page, William, eds. (1924). "The city of Worcester: Introduction and borough". *A History of the County of Worcester: Volume 4*. London: British History Online, pp. 376–390. Retrieved: 20 May 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** [Steven Runciman](/source/Steven_Runciman) (1952). *A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre*, p. 265. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0241-29877-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0241-29877-0).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Williams, Hywel (2005). *Cassell's Chronology of World History*, p. 145. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-304-35730-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-35730-8).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Arnold-Baker, Charles (2015). von Blumenthal, Henry (ed.). *The Companion to British History*. Routledge. p. 1116.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["Balliol College: History"](https://web.archive.org/web/20071009202636/http://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/history/history/). Archived from [the original](http://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/history/history/) on October 9, 2007. Retrieved December 4, 2007.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Ferris, Eleanor (1902). "The Financial Relations of the Knights Templars to the English Crown". *American Historical Review*. **8** (1): 1–17. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/1832571](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1832571). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [1832571](https://www.jstor.org/stable/1832571).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-biografico_15-0)** Catoni, Giuliano. ["Bonsignori"](http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/bonsignori_(Dizionario-Biografico)/). *Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani*. Retrieved December 20, 2011.

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