# 123 BC

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Calendar year

Years Millennium 1st millennium BC Centuries 3rd century BC 2nd century BC 1st century BC Decades 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC Years 126 BC 125 BC 124 BC 123 BC 122 BC 121 BC 120 BC v t e

123 BC by topic Politics State leaders Political entities Categories Deaths v t e

123 BC in various calendars Gregorian calendar 123 BC CXXIII BC Ab urbe condita 631 Ancient Egypt era XXXIII dynasty, 201 - Pharaoh Ptolemy VIII Physcon, 23 Ancient Greek Olympiad (summer) 164th Olympiad, year 2 Assyrian calendar 4628 Balinese saka calendar N/A Bengali calendar −716 – −715 Berber calendar 828 Buddhist calendar 422 Burmese calendar −760 Byzantine calendar 5386–5387 Chinese calendar 丁巳年 (Fire Snake) 2575 or 2368 — to — 戊午年 (Earth Horse) 2576 or 2369 Coptic calendar −406 – −405 Discordian calendar 1044 Ethiopian calendar −130 – −129 Hebrew calendar 3638–3639 Hindu calendars - Vikram Samvat −66 – −65 - Shaka Samvat N/A - Kali Yuga 2978–2979 Holocene calendar 9878 Iranian calendar 744 BP – 743 BP Islamic calendar 767 BH – 766 BH Javanese calendar N/A Julian calendar N/A Korean calendar 2211 Minguo calendar 2034 before ROC 民前2034年 Nanakshahi calendar −1590 Seleucid era 189/190 AG Thai solar calendar 420–421 Tibetan calendar མེ་མོ་སྦྲུལ་ལོ་ (female Fire-Snake) 4 or −377 or −1149 — to — ས་ཕོ་རྟ་ལོ་ (male Earth-Horse) 5 or −376 or −1148

Year **123 BC** was a year of the [pre-Julian Roman calendar](/source/Roman_calendar). At the time it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Balearicus and Flamininus** (or, less frequently, **year 631 *[Ab urbe condita](/source/Ab_urbe_condita)***) and the **Sixth Year of Yuanshuo**. The denomination 123 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the [Anno Domini](/source/Anno_Domini) [calendar era](/source/Calendar_era) became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events

### By place

#### Roman Republic

- [Gaius Gracchus](/source/Gaius_Gracchus) elected [Roman](/source/Roman_Republic) [tribune](/source/Tribune) for the first time. He waits until after his re-election the following year before pushing forward the various civil and agrarian reforms that his [brother](/source/Tiberius_Gracchus) championed in [133 BC](/source/133_BC).

- [Aix-en-Provence](/source/Aix-en-Provence) founded under the name of *Aquae Sextiae* by the [Roman consul](/source/Roman_consul) [Sextius Calvinus](/source/Gaius_Sextius_Calvinus_(consul_124_BC)).

- [Quintus Caecilius Metellus](/source/Quintus_Caecilius_Metellus_Balearicus) conquers the [Balearic Islands](/source/Balearic_Islands) for Rome, for which he earns the agnomen "Balearicus." He settles 3,000 Roman and Iberian colonists on the islands and founds the cities of [Palma](/source/Palma%2C_Majorca) and [Pollentia](/source/Alc%C3%BAdia).

#### China

- Spring: The [Han](/source/Han_dynasty) General-in-Chief [Wei Qing](/source/Wei_Qing) launches two invasions of Xiongnu territory from Dingxiang, defeating two Xiongnu armies and killing or capturing several thousand of the enemy.

- - During the second expedition, the force under Su Jian and [Zhao Xin](/source/Zhao_Xin_(general)) is surrounded and almost entirely destroyed by the army of [Yizhixie Chanyu](/source/Yizhixie_Chanyu). Zhao Xin defects to the Chanyu.[1] - For these two campaigns, [Emperor Wu of Han](/source/Emperor_Wu_of_Han) orders Wei Qing to make his eighteen-year-old nephew [Huo Qubing](/source/Huo_Qubing) the commander of a force of 800 cavalry. Raiding deep into enemy territory, Huo's force kills or captures a Xiongnu Prime Minister and a Household Administrator, kills the Marquis of Jiruo (an elder relative of Yizhixie Chanyu), and captures the Chanyu's uncle Luogubi.[2]

- A conspiracy led by [Liu An](/source/Liu_An), king of [Huainan](/source/Huainan), is discovered. Liu An commits suicide, and his queen and crown prince are executed. Huainan becomes Jiujiang Prefecture.[3]

## Deaths

- [Alexander II Zabinas](/source/Alexander_II_Zabinas), king of the [Seleucid Empire](/source/Seleucid_Empire)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Hung, Hing Ming (2020). *The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty*. pp. 158–159. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1628944167](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1628944167).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Hung, Hing Ming (2020). *The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty*. pp. 159–160. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1628944167](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1628944167).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Hung, Hing Ming (2020). *The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty*. pp. 151–158. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1628944167](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1628944167).

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [123 BC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123_BC) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/123_BC?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.